Gual and España conspiracy

The Gual and España conspiracy (1797)[1] was a pro-independence movement that originated in the port city of La Guaira in Colonial Venezuela.[2] It was led by José María España and Manuel Gual, two white creoles.[2] The Spanish revolutionary, Juan Bautista Mariano Picornell y Gomila, was involved. It is also believed that Simón Rodríguez, an early teacher of Simón Bolívar, was involved.[3]

References
  1. Congress, The Library of. "LC Linked Data Service: Authorities and Vocabularies (Library of Congress)". id.loc.gov. Retrieved 2019-07-11.
  2. Thomson, Sinclair (2023), Soriano, Cristina; Echeverri, Marcela (eds.), "On the Origins of Latin American Independence: A Reappraisal of Colonial Crisis, Popular Politics, and Atlantic Revolution in the Eighteenth Century", The Cambridge Companion to Latin American Independence, Cambridge University Press, pp. 26–27, ISBN 978-1-108-49227-0
  3. Briggs, Ronald (2010). Tropes of Enlightenment in the Age of Bolivar: Simon Rodriguez and the American Essay at Revolution. Vanderbilt University Press. p. 4. ISBN 9780826516954.
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