Guliston

Guliston (Uzbek: Guliston — flower country) also spelled as Gulistan, formerly known as Mirzachül (Uzbek: Mirzachoʻl, until 1961) and Qayroqqum (Uzbek: Qayroqqum; from 1962 - 2015), is the capital of Sirdaryo Region in eastern Uzbekistan. It is a district-level city.[2]

For other uses, see Gulistan (disambiguation).
Guliston
Uzbek: Guliston
Guliston is located in Uzbekistan
Guliston
Guliston
Location in Uzbekistan
Coordinates: 40°29′N 68°47′E
Country Uzbekistan
RegionSirdaryo Region
Established1801
Elevation
271 m (889 ft)
Population
 (2020)[1]
 • Total90,398
Postal code
120100
Area code(+998) 672

History

In the XIX century there was a kishlak Achchikkuduk ("well with salt water"), which had 40 households, a mosque and a chaikhana.

In 1869, by order of the Governor-General of Turkestan Konstantin Petrovich von Kaufmann, the possibility of irrigating the Mirzachoʻl was explored.

In 1886, land diggers who arrived from different places of Russia for the construction of the canal formed 8 small Russian settlements in Khojikent district: Romanovsky (Peasant), Zaporozhsky, Nadezhdinsky, Nikolaevsky, Obetovanny, Nizhnevolynsky, Verkhnevolynsky and Konnogvardeysky (Red Dawn).

The construction of a canal 84 km long, named after Nicholas I and brought to Mirzachoʻl (Gulistan), which was put into operation in 1895, began in 1872.

From 7600 hectares of irrigated land 2100 hectares were allotted to the knyaz, who lived in Romanovsky settlement, 3380 hectares - to Russian settlers, 220 hectares - to the experimental field.

In 1897 near the station Golodnaya Steppe (Mirzachoʻl) the settlement Dukhovsky was formed, in 1906 the settlement Spassky was created. On the eve of the First World War in these already united settlements there were 290 households (the town of Guliston later grew up in their place).

During the same period, there was laid a railroad from Samarkand to Tashkent through the Hungry Steppe. Its construction was completed in 1895. Achchikkuduk station was called Griboedovka, and since 1905 - Golodnaya Steppe, as well as the settlement.

There were built the buildings of the canal administration and the first Russian-native school in Golodnaya Steppe in 1905. Since 1910 the canal was called the Northern Golodnostepsky canal.

In 1922 the settlement Golodnaya Steppe was renamed to Mirzachul. In 1952 it received the status of urban-type settlement, being a part of Tashkent region.

On May 8, 1961 the settlement of urban-type Mirzachul was converted into the city of Gulistan.[3] On November 26, 1963 it became the center of the Syrdaryo region created at the beginning of the same year. In 1989, in connection with the unification of Jizzakh and Syrdaryo regions, the city of Jizzakh became the regional center.

On February 16, 1990 after restoration of Jizzak region the center of Syrdaryo region was moved from Jizzak to Gulistan.

Geography and climate

Geography

It lies in the southeastern part of the Mirzachül (formerly Golodnaya steppe), 120 kilometres (75 mi) southwest of Tashkent. Its population is 91,300 (2021).[4] The main industry in the area is cottonpicking.

Climate
Climate data for Guliston (1981–2010)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Average high °C (°F) 5.0
(41.0)		 8.5
(47.3)		 15.4
(59.7)		 23.1
(73.6)		 29.0
(84.2)		 34.7
(94.5)		 36.2
(97.2)		 34.7
(94.5)		 29.5
(85.1)		 22.4
(72.3)		 14.1
(57.4)		 6.5
(43.7)		 21.6
(70.9)
Average low °C (°F) −3.4
(25.9)		 −1.5
(29.3)		 3.7
(38.7)		 9.2
(48.6)		 13.7
(56.7)		 17.4
(63.3)		 18.6
(65.5)		 16.2
(61.2)		 10.7
(51.3)		 5.8
(42.4)		 1.8
(35.2)		 −2.2
(28.0)		 7.5
(45.5)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 39.1
(1.54)		 46.3
(1.82)		 52.6
(2.07)		 43.8
(1.72)		 28.8
(1.13)		 6.2
(0.24)		 2.8
(0.11)		 1.3
(0.05)		 5.0
(0.20)		 18.5
(0.73)		 32.6
(1.28)		 47.3
(1.86)		 324.3
(12.75)
Average precipitation days 12 12 12 11 9 5 2 1 2 6 9 12 93
Source: Centre of Hydrometeorological Service of Uzbekistan[5]

Demographics
Historical population
YearPop.±% p.a.
197943,087—    
198954,360+2.35%
200555,600+0.14%
202090,398+3.29%
Source: [1]

References
  1. Uzbekistan, citypopulation.de
  2. "Classification system of territorial units of the Republic of Uzbekistan" (in Uzbek and Russian). The State Committee of the Republic of Uzbekistan on statistics. July 2020.
  3. Ведомости Верховного Совета СССР. № 20 (1055), 1961 г.
  4. "Urban and rural population by district" (PDF) (in Uzbek). Sirdaryo regional department of statistics.
  5. "Average monthly data about air temperature and precipitation in 13 regional centers of the Republic of Uzbekistan over period from 1981 to 2010". Centre of Hydrometeorological Service of the Republic of Uzbekistan (Uzhydromet). Archived from the original on 15 December 2019. Retrieved 15 December 2019.

40°29′N 68°47′E


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