Gymnobela

Gymnobela is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Raphitomidae.[2]

Gymnobela
Gymnobela bairdii
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Mollusca
Class: Gastropoda
Subclass: Caenogastropoda
Order: Neogastropoda
Superfamily: Conoidea
Family: Raphitomidae
Genus: Gymnobela
Verrill, 1884
Type species
Gymnobela engonia
Verrill, 1884[1]
Species

See text

Synonyms[2]
  • Majox F. Nordsieck, 1968
  • Watsonaria F. Nordsieck, 1968

This genus can sometimes be hardly differentiated from species in the genera Spergo Dall, 1895, Theta Clarke, 1959 and Speoides yoshidae Kuroda & Habe in Habe, 1961 (a synonym of Gymnobela yoshidae (Kuroda & Habe, 1961) )[3]

This genus is highly diverse. It is rather an artificial assemblage of several unrelated genus-level lineages that are unrelated and mostly undescribed. [4]

Description

The rather solid shell is in form and general appearance like Bela. The spire is generally rather short. The body whorl is swollen. The whorls are often shouldered. The sculpture is rather strong. The protoconch has a fine cancellated sculpture. The subsutural band is not strongly marked. The posterior notch of the lip is shallow and usually not very distinct. The operculum is absent.[5][6]

Fossils have been found in Pliocene strata of Panama and Quaternary strata of Costa Rica (age range: 3.6 to 0.781 Ma).

Species

Species within the genus Gymnobela include:

Species brought into synonymy
  • Gymnobela adenicus [sic]: synonym of Gymnobela adenica Sysoev, 1996
  • Gymnobela agassizi [sic]: synonym of Gymnobela agassizii (Verrill & S. Smith [in Verrill], 1880)
  • Gymnobela bathyiberica Fechter, 1976 : synonym of Theta vayssierei (Dautzenberg, 1925)
  • Gymnobela blakeana extensa Dall, 1881 : synonym of Mioawateria extensa (Dall, 1881)
  • Gymnobela brevis Verrill, 1885: synonym of Gymnobela blakeana (Dall, 1881)
  • Gymnobela chariessa (Watson, 1881): synonym of Theta chariessa (Watson, 1881)
  • Gymnobela curta Verrill, 1884: synonym of Gymnobela aquilarum (Watson, 1882)
  • Gymnobela extensa (Dall, 1881):[76] synonym of Mioawateria extensa (Dall, 1881)
  • Gymnobela fulvocincta Dautzenberg & Fischer, 1896: synonym of Gymnobela fulvotincta (Dautzenberg & Fischer, 1896)
  • Gymnobela gregaria Sykes, 1906: synonym of Gymnobela leptoglypta (Dautzenberg & Fischer, 1896)
  • Gymnobela grundifera Dall, 1927: synonym of Daphnella grundifera (Dall, 1927)
  • Gymnobela holomera Locard, 1897: synonym of Gymnobela pyrrhogramma (Dautzenberg & Fischer, 1896)
  • Gymnobela homeotata (Watson, 1886): synonym of Gymnobela homaeotata (Watson, 1886)
  • Gymnobela imitator Dall, 1927: synonym of Pleurotomella imitator (Dall, 1927)
  • Gymnobela judithae Clarke, 1989: synonym of Mioawateria extensa (Dall, 1881)
  • Gymnobela leptoconchum Locard, 1897: synonym of Gymnobela emertoni (Verrill & Smith in Verrill, 1884)
  • Gymnobela lyroniclea [sic]: synonym of Gymnobela lyronuclea (A.H. Clarke, 1959): synonym of Theta lyronuclea (A.H. Clarke, 1959)
  • Gymnobela lyronuclea (A.H. Clarke, 1959): synonym of Theta lyronuclea (A.H. Clarke, 1959)
  • Gymnobela malmii (Dall, 1889):[77] synonym of Mioawateria malmii (Dall, 1889)
  • Gymnobela nudator (Locard, 1897): synonym of Bathybela nudator (Locard, 1897)
  • Gymnobela pinguis Locard, 1897: synonym of Gymnobela aquilarum (Watson, 1882)
  • † Gymnobela pusula (Laws, 1947): synonym of † Acanthodaphne pusula (Laws, 1947)
  • Gymnobela pycnoides Dautzenberg & Fischer, 1896: synonym of Mioawateria malmii (Dall, 1889)
  • Gymnobela recondita Tiberi, 1869: synonym of Gymnobela pyrrhogramma (Dautzenberg & Fischer, 1896)
  • Gymnobela rhomboidea Thiele, 1925: synonym of Mioawateria rhomboidea (Thiele, 1925)
  • Gymnobela sibogae (Schepman, 1913):[78] synonym of Spergo sibogae Schepman, 1913
  • Gymnobela subangulata Verrill, 1884: synonym of Gymnobela aquilarum (Watson, 1882)
  • Gymnobela tenelluna (Locard, 1897): synonym of Bathybela tenelluna (Locard, 1897)
  • Gymnobela tenellunum [sic]: synonym of Gymnobela tenelluna (Locard, 1897): synonym of Bathybela tenelluna (Locard, 1897)
  • Gymnobela tincta Verrill, 1885: synonym of Gymnobela emertoni (Verrill & Smith in Verrill, 1884)
  • Gymnobela vayssierei (Dautzenberg, 1925): synonym of Theta vayssierei (Dautzenberg, 1925)
  • Gymnobela virgo (Okutani, 1966): synonym of Bathytoma virgo (Okutani, 1966)
  • Gymnobela watsoni (Dautzenberg, 1889):[79] synonym of Mioawateria watsoni (Dautzenberg, 1889)

References
  1. Sysoev, Alexander (1997). Crosnier, A.; Bouchet, P. (eds.). "Mollusca Gastropoda: New deep-water turrid gastropods (Conoidea) from eastern Indonesia" (PDF). Résultats des Campagnes MUSORSTOM. Mém. Mus. natn. Hist. nat. 16 (172): 325–355. ISBN 2-85653-506-2. Retrieved 11 October 2014.
  2. Gymnobela Verrill, 1884. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 16 April 2010.
  3. Stahlschmidt P. & Chino M. (2012) A new species of Gymnobela (Gastropoda: Raphitomidae) from the Central Pacific. Miscellanea Malacologica 5(6): 95-98
  4. Criscione, Francesco, et al. (2020) "Where the snails have no name: a molecular phylogeny of Raphitomidae (Neogastropoda: Conoidea) uncovers vast unexplored diversity in the deep seas of temperate southern and eastern Australia." Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society.
  5. Verrill A. E. (1884). Second catalogue of mollusca recently added to the fauna of the New England Coast and the adjacent parts of the Atlantic, consisting mostly of deep sea species, with notes on others previously recorded. Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences, 6(1): 139-294, pl. 28-32
  6. Bouchet & Warren, Revision of the North-East Atlantic bathyal and abyssal Turridae (Mollusca, Gastropoda); The Journal of Molluscan Studies, supplement 8, December 1980
  7. Gymnobela abyssorum (Locard, 1897). Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 16 April 2010.
  8. Gymnobela adenicus Sysoev, 1996. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 16 April 2010.
  9. Gymnobela africana Sysoev, 1996. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 16 April 2010.
  10. Gymnobela agassizi (Verrill & Smith, 1880). Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 16 April 2010.
  11. Gymnobela agassizii (Verrill & Smith, 1880). Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 16 April 2010.
  12. Gymnobela altispira Sysoev & Ivanov, 1985. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 16 April 2010.
  13. Gymnobela angulosa Sysoev, 1988. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 16 April 2010.
  14. Gymnobela aquilarum (Watson, 1882). Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 16 April 2010.
  15. Gymnobela augusta Thiele, 1925. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 16 April 2010.
  16. Gymnobela bairdii (Verrill & Smith, 1884). Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 16 April 2010.
  17. Gymnobela baruna Sysoev, 1997. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 16 April 2010.
  18. Gymnobela blakeana (Dall, 1881). Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 16 April 2010.
  19. Gymnobela brachis (Dall, 1919). Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 16 April 2010.
  20. Gymnobela brachypleura Sysoev, 1990. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 16 April 2010.
  21. Gymnobela brunnistriata Sysoev, 1990. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 16 April 2010.
  22. Gymnobela camerunensis Thiele, 1925. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 16 April 2010.
  23. Gymnobela ceramensis (Schepman, 1913). Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 16 April 2010.
  24. Gymnobela chistikovi Sysoev & Ivanov, 1985. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 16 April 2010.
  25. Gymnobela chrysopelex (Barnard, 1963). Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 16 April 2010.
  26. Gymnobela chyta (Watson, 1881). Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 16 April 2010.
  27. Gymnobela clara Thiele, 1925. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 16 April 2010.
  28. Gymnobela crassilirata Sysoev, 1990. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 16 April 2010.
  29. Gymnobela dagama (Barnard, 1963). Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 16 April 2010.
  30. Gymnobela daphnelloides (Dall, 1895). Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 16 April 2010.
  31. Gymnobela dautzenbergi (Knudsen, 1952). Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 16 April 2010.
  32. Gymnobela dubia (Schepman, 1913). Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 16 April 2010.
  33. Gymnobela edgariana (Dall, 1889). Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 16 April 2010.
  34. Gymnobela emertoni (Verrill, 1884). Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 16 April 2010.
  35. Gymnobela engonia Verrill, 1884. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 16 April 2010.
  36. Gymnobela eridmata Sysoev & Bouchet, 2001. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 16 April 2010.
  37. Gymnobela erronea Thiele, 1925. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 16 April 2010.
  38. Gymnobela eugenia Sysoev & Ivanov, 1985. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 16 April 2010.
  39. Gymnobela felderi Garcia, 2005. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 16 April 2010.
  40. Gymnobela filifera (Dall, 1881). Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 16 April 2010.
  41. Gymnobela fredericqae Garcia, 2005. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 16 April 2010.
  42. Gymnobela frielei (Verrill, 1885). Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 16 April 2010.
  43. Gymnobela fulvotincta (Dautzenberg & Fischer, 1896). Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 16 April 2010.
  44. Gymnobela glaucocreas (Barnard, 1963). Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 16 April 2010.
  45. Gymnobela gracilis Sysoev, 1990. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 16 April 2010.
  46. Gymnobela granulisculpturata Sysoev, 1990. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 16 April 2010.
  47. Gymnobela guineensis Thiele, 1925. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 16 April 2010.
  48. Gymnobela homoeotata (Watson, 1886). Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 16 April 2010.
  49. Gymnobela illicita Dall, 1927. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 16 April 2010.
  50. Gymnobela ioessa Sysoev, 1997. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 16 April 2010.
  51. Gymnobela isogonia (Dall, 1908). Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 16 April 2010.
  52. Gymnobela lamyi (Dautzenberg, 1925). Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 16 April 2010.
  53. Gymnobela lanceata Dall, 1927. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 16 April 2010.
  54. Gymnobela laticaudata Sysoev, 1990. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 16 April 2010.
  55. Gymnobela latistriata Kantor & Sysoev, 1986. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 16 April 2010.
  56. Gymnobela leptoglypta (Dautzenberg & Fischer, 1896). Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 16 April 2010.
  57. Gymnobela micraulax Sysoev, 1997. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 16 April 2010.
  58. Gymnobela mitrodeta Sysoev, 1997. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 16 April 2010.
  59. Gymnobela muricata Sysoev, 1997. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 16 April 2010.
  60. Gymnobela nivea Sysoev, 1990. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 16 April 2010.
  61. Gymnobela oculifera Kantor & Sysoev, 1986. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 16 April 2010.
  62. Gymnobela petiti Garcia, 2005. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 16 April 2010.
  63. Gymnobela phyxanor (Watson, 1886). Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 16 April 2010.
  64. Gymnobela procera Sysoev & Bouchet, 2001. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 16 April 2010.
  65. Gymnobela pulchra (Schepman, 1913). Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 16 April 2010.
  66. Gymnobela pyrrhogramma (Dautzenberg & Fischer, 1896). Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 16 April 2010.
  67. Gymnobela rotundata Sysoev, 1990. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 16 April 2010.
  68. Gymnobela subaraneosa (Dautzenberg & Fischer, 1896). Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 16 April 2010.
  69. Gymnobela turrispira Sysoev, 1990. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 16 April 2010.
  70. Gymnobela verecunda (Barnard, 1963). Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 16 April 2010.
  71. Gymnobela vicella (Dall, 1908). Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 16 April 2010.
  72. Gymnobela virgo (Okutani, 1966). Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 16 April 2010.
  73. Gymnobela virgulata Sysoev & Bouchet, 2001. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 16 April 2010.
  74. Gymnobela xylona (Dall, 1908). Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 16 April 2010.
  75. Gymnobela yoshidai (Habe, 1962). Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 16 April 2010.
  76. Gymnobela extensa (Dall, 1881). Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 16 April 2010.
  77. Gymnobela malmii (Dall, 1889). Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 16 April 2010.
  78. Gymnobela sibogae (Schepman, 1913). Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 16 April 2010.
  79. Gymnobela watsoni (Dautzenberg, 1889). Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 16 April 2010.
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