His Majesty's Inspectorate of Constabulary and Fire & Rescue Services

In England and Wales, HMICFRS is responsible to the UK Parliament.[3][4] The first inspectors were appointed under the County and Borough Police Act 1856; current statutory functions are contained in the Police Act 1996 and related legislation. However, the body's principal statutory functions are unchanged since its establishment in 1856, namely to assess and report on the efficiency and effectiveness of police forces in England and Wales. In July 2017, its remit was expanded to include responsibility to assess and report on the efficiency, effectiveness and leadership of the 45 Fire & Rescue services in England.[5][6]

The inspectorate is also paid by other departments to report on the activities of non-Home Office bodies involved in law enforcement, such as the British Transport Police, the Civil Nuclear Constabulary, HM Revenue and Customs, the National Crime Agency, the Police Service of Northern Ireland and some overseas police forces.[2] Reporting has also been performed on a voluntary basis for the Special Investigation Branch (SIB) of the Royal Military Police. It also receives funding from the Treasury for its work on HMRC.

As a public authority, decisions and actions of HMICFRS are susceptible to judicial review.

Inspections of the Police Service of Northern Ireland (PSNI) have been made in recent years by invitation, on a non-statutory basis. The Police (Northern Ireland) Act 1998 allows HMIC to perform inspection and assessment of services or projects by direction of the Secretary of State for Northern Ireland. At the request of the chief constable of the PSNI, in 2013 the inspectorate published a report into Northern Ireland's Historical Enquiries Team.[13]

Inspectors of Constabulary for England and Wales from 1856:

• Captain Francis J. Parry, to 1900
• Captain Herbert D. Terry, from 1900[14]

The first chief inspector was appointed in 1962.[8]

1. Sir William Johnson, 1962–1963
2. Sir Edward Dodd, 1963–1966
3. Colonel Sir Eric St Johnston, 1967–1970
4. Sir John McKay, 1970–1972
5. Sir John Hill, 1972–1975
6. Sir James Haughton, 1976–1977
7. Sir Colin Woods, 1977–1979
8. Sir James Crane, 1979–1982
9. Sir Lawrence Byford, 1983–1987
10. Sir Richard Barrett, 1987–1990
11. Sir John Woodcock, 1990–1993
12. Sir Trefor Morris, 1993–1996
13. Sir David O'Dowd, 1996–2001
14. Sir Keith Povey 2002–2005
15. Sir Ronnie Flanagan, 2005–2009
16. Sir Denis O'Connor, 2009–2012
17. Sir Thomas Winsor, 2012–2022
18. Andy Cooke, 2022–present

In July 2017, the role became Chief Inspector of Constabulary and Chief Inspector of Fire & Rescue Services. The incumbent is Andy Cooke, who was appointed in April 2022.[8]

In March 2021, HMICFRS published a report that endorsed a proposed clampdown on protests. In response to the report, a whistleblower alleged that its authors had reached conclusions favouring the government's view prior to gathering and assessing evidence, in breach of the civil service code.[15]

• The history of Her Majesty's Inspectorate of Constabulary: The first 150 years, 1856 to 2006 (PDF).

• Official website