HMS Arab (1795)

HMS Arab was the French 20-gun corvette Jean Bart, launched in 1793. The British captured her in 1795 and the Royal Navy took her into service. She was wrecked in 1796.

For other ships with the same name, see HMS Arab.

Plan of the Jean Bart taken in 1795 at Portsmouth
History
French Navy EnsignFrance
NameJean Bart
Laid downApril 1793 at Saint Malo
LaunchedOctober 1793
Captured29 March 1795
Great Britain
NameHMS Arab
Acquired29 March 1795
CommissionedOctober 1795
FateWrecked, 10 June 1796
General characteristics [1]
Class and typeRévolutionnaire-class corvette
Displacement420 tons (French)[2]
Tons burthen31534⁄94 (bm)
Length
  • 90 ft 8+1⁄2 in (27.6 m) (overall)
  • 69 ft 11+3⁄8 in (21.3 m) (keel)
Beam29 ft 1+3⁄8 in (8.9 m)
Depth of hold11 ft 4 in (3.5 m)
Complement
  • French service:136[2]
  • British service:100
Armament
  • French service:18 x 6-pounder guns[2]
  • British service:16 × 6-pounder guns

French service and capture

Jean Bart was built to a design by Pierre Duhamel; she was due to be renamed Installée in May 1795, but was captured before that could happen.[2] She cruised the Channel, the North Sea, and the Atlantic as far as New York.[3]

In 1795 Jean Bart was under the command of Lieutenant de vaisseau Néel. In March she captured the West Indiaman Active as Active was sailing from Bristol to Jamaica. The French took Active's crew on board Jean Bart and then sank Active.[4]

However, on 29 March 1795 Jean Bart encountered HMS Cerberus and Santa Margarita in the Channel. They captured Jean Bart, which accounts describe as having 18 guns and a crew of 110 men, or 20 guns and 120 men.[5] Hannibal shared in the prize.[6]

Jean Bart was sailing to Brest with dispatches from the French minister in the United States. In a deposition, Guillaume François Néel of Saint Malo testified that he had been the captain of Jean Bart at her capture, and that she had had 118 persons aboard, one of whom was an American; all the rest were French. Néel stated that he had thrown a packet containing the dispatches overboard but that it had floated rather than sunk, and that a boat from Cerberus had retrieved it.

The Admiralty took Jean Bart into the Royal Navy as HMS Arab. She was named and registered on 6 October 1795. Between July and December the Navy had her fitted at Portsmouth for £515.[1] She was commissioned in October 1795 under Commander Stephen Seymour.

British service and loss

Seymour sailed Arab for the Channel, where she joined the squadron under Sir John Borlase Warren. On 9 June she sighted a cutter and a brig and set off in pursuit, but lost them in the night. Next morning she sighted land, but before she could turn, she struck a rock near the Glénan islands. She could not pull herself off the reef before so much water had poured in that she had to be abandoned. Captain Seymour drowned[7] as did others of her crew.[8] In addition to Seymour, the sinking cost the lives of her surgeon and 20 seamen. The French captured the 80 or so survivors. The French exchanged the seven surviving officers, who arrived at Plymouth on 13 July on the cartel Displai.[9]

Citations
  1. Winfield (2008), p. 265.
  2. Winfield & Roberts (2015), p. 167.
  3. Roche (2005), p. 265.
  4. "The Marine List". Lloyd's List. No. 2706. 10 April 1795. hdl:2027/mdp.39015050998221. Retrieved 13 December 2021.
  5. "No. 13770". The London Gazette. 14 April 1795. p. 339.
  6. "No. 15046". The London Gazette. 31 July 1798. p. 728.
  7. Hepper (1994), p. 80.
  8. Lloyd's List, №2838 - accessed 24 May 2014.
  9. Grocott (1997), p. 33-4.

References
  • Grocott, Terence (1997). Shipwrecks of the Revolutionary & Napoleonic Eras. London: Chatham. ISBN 1861760302.
  • Hepper, David J. (1994). British Warship Losses in the Age of Sail, 1650–1859. Rotherfield: Jean Boudriot. ISBN 0-948864-30-3.
  • Roche, Jean-Michel (2005). Dictionnaire des bâtiments de la flotte de guerre française de Colbert à nos jours. Vol. 1. Group Retozel-Maury Millau. ISBN 978-2-9525917-0-6. OCLC 165892922.
  • Winfield, Rif (2008). British Warships in the Age of Sail 1793–1817: Design, Construction, Careers and Fates. Seaforth. ISBN 978-1-86176-246-7.
  • Winfield, Rif; Roberts, Stephen S. (2015). French Warships in the Age of Sail 1786–1861: Design Construction, Careers and Fates. Seaforth Publishing. ISBN 978-1-84832-204-2.
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