HMS Scarborough (1696)

HMS Scarborough was a 32-gun fifth rate built under contract by James Parker of Southampton in 1695/96. She served in the trade protection and counter-piracy operations during her service. She was captured by the French, then recaptured by the British and renamed Garland, She was converted to a fireship for the Baltic then the Mediterranean. She was at the Battle of Passero in 1718. She was reduced to a 20-gun sixth rate in 1717. Rebuilt to the 1719 Establishment in 1721, she was finally sold in 1744.

For other ships with the same name, see HMS Scarborough.

History
Royal Navy EnsignEngland
NameHMS Scarborough
Ordered22 February 1695
BuilderJames Parker, Southampton
Launched24 March 1696
Commissioned1696
RenamedGarland 10 April 1712
Captured1 November 1710
FateSold at Deptford on 25 August 1739
France
NameLe Scarborough
Acquired1 November 1710
In service1710-1712
Captured31 March 1712
FateCaptured by two British ships and renamed HMS Garland
Royal Navy EnsignGreat Britain
NameHMS Garland
Acquired31 March 1712
CommissionedApril 1712
General characteristics as built
Class and type32-gun fifth rate
Tons burthen3918⁄94 tons (bm)
Length
  • 108 ft 0 in (32.92 m) gundeck
  • 90 ft 0 in (27.43 m) keel for tonnage
Beam28 ft 7 in (8.71 m)
Depth of hold10 ft 9 in (3.28 m)
PropulsionSails
Sail planFull-rigged ship
Complement145/110
Armament
  • as built 32 guns
  • 4/4 x demi-culverins (LD)
  • 22/20 x 6-pdr guns (UD)
  • 6/4 x 4-pdr guns (QD)
General characteristics 1719 Establishment
Class and type20-gun sixth rate
Tons burthen3755⁄94 tons (bm)
Length
  • 106 ft 1 in (32.33 m) gundeck
  • 87 ft 10 in (26.77 m) keel for tonnage
Beam28 ft 4 in (8.64 m)
Depth of hold9 ft 2 in (2.79 m)
PropulsionSails
Sail planFull-rigged ship
Armament
  • 1719 Establishment 20 guns
  • 20 x 6-pdr guns (UD)

She was the third vessel to bear the name Scarborough since it was used for a 10-gun ketch, built by Frame of Scarborough 2 May 1691 and captured by the French on 12 January 1693.[1]

As HMS Garland, she was the fifth vessel to bear this name since it was used for a 38/48-gun galleon built in 1590 and sunk as a wharf in 1618 at Chatham.[2]

As HMS Garland, she was awarded the Battle Honour Passero 1718.[3]

Construction and Specifications

She was ordered on 22 February 1695 to be built under contract by James Parker of Southampton. She was launched on 24 March 1696. Her dimensions were a gundeck of 108 feet 0 inches (32.92 metres) with a keel of 90 feet 0 inches (27.43 metres) for tonnage calculation with a breadth of 28 feet 7 inches (8.71 metres) and a depth of hold of 10 feet 9 inches (3.28 metres). Her builder's measure tonnage was calculated as 3918⁄94 tons (burthen).[4]

The gun armament initially was four demi-culverins[5][Note 1] on the lower deck (LD) with two pair of guns per side. The upper deck (UD) battery would consist of between twenty and twenty-two 6-pounder guns[6][Note 2] with ten or eleven guns per side. The gun battery would be completed by four 4-pounder guns[7][Note 3] on the quarterdeck (QD) with two to three guns per side.[8] She was completed at an initial cost of £2,660.15.0d[Note 4] to build.[4]

Commissioned Service

Service 1696-1710

She was commissioned in 1696 under the command of Richard Short for Fleet Service. She took the French privateer La Volontaire on 20 July 1696. She went to the West Indies to reinforce Vice-Admiral John Neville in 1697 with Captain George Mee's Squadron. Firstly they move towards Cartagena, then went to San Domingo destroying a number of privateers, The fleet then moved to Havana, however, the governor denied them entrance, so they sailed to Virginia. After the death of Admiral Neville, Captain Thomas Dilkes brought the squadron to Home Waters.[9] In 1701, she was under Captain Stephen Elliott. December 1701 she came under the command of Captain Thomas Hudson in the West Indies. In 1702, she was assigned Captain Henry Fowles for service in the East Indies. Captain Fowles died on 24 April 1704. Captain Stepen Hutchings took over in April 1704. She was assigned to the West Indies in 1707. Sometime around July 1708 she was under Captain Edward Holland at Jamaica. She escorted a convoy to Guinea, Africa in 1710.[4]

French Service 1710-1712

She was captured by a 30-gun French privateer off Cape Lobos, Guinea on 1 November 1710. She was incorporated into French service as Le Scarborough. She was retaken on 31 March 1712 by the 50-gun Anglesea and the 40-gun Fowey.[10] She was recommissioned in April 1712 under Captain Walter Ross and sailed to Home Waters to pay off.[4]

Service as HMS Garland 1712-1721

She was renamed Garland by Admiralty Order (AO) 10 April 1712. She underwent a Large repair costing £3,172.17.7d[Note 5] from May to October 1712 at Woolwich Dockyard. She was recommissioned as HMS Garland in June 1712 under the command of Lieutenant John Ogilvie followed by Captain Edmund Hooke in July. She was prepared for service in September 1715. She recommissioned in October 1715 under the command of Captain Ellis Brand for service in the Baltic. She was ordered to be reduced to a fireship by AO 18 February 1717. She underwent a small repair and conversion to a fireship costing £840.19.1.25d[Note 6] from February to March 1717. When completed, she was commissioned under Captain John Temple for service with Sir John Byng's Fleet serving in the Baltic. Around January 1718 she was under the command of Commander Samuel Atkins as a fireship in the Mediterranean. She participated in the Battle of Passaro on 11 August 1718.[3][11] In 1719, she fell under the command of Captain John Hubbard and remained in the Mediterranean. She was rearmed and rerated as a 20-gun sixth rate at this time. Upon her return, she was assigned as a quarantine guardship at the Nore under the command of Captain John Feller in April 1721. On 20 October 1721 she was dismantled at Sheerness with the intent for rebuilding.[4]

Rebuild as Sixth Rate Sheerness 1721-24

She was ordered rebuilt at Sheerness Dockyard under the guidance of Master Shipwright John Ward on 12 October 1721. Her Keel was laid on 24 October 1721 and launched on 1 May 1724. Her dimensions were a gundeck of 106 feet 1 inch (32.33 metres) with a keel of 87 feet 10 inches (26.77 metres) for tonnage calculation with a breadth of 28 feet 4 inches (8.64 metres) and a depth of hold of 9 feet 2 inches (2.79 metres). Her builder's measure tonnage was calculated as 3755⁄94 tons (burthen).[12] He gun armament was in accordance with the 1719 Establishment for a 20-gun sixth rate consisting of twenty 6-pounder guns on the upper Deck (UD).[13] She was completed at a cost of £2,952.11.6.75d[Note 7] to build.[12]

Service 1727-1744

She was commissioned in 1727 under the command of Captain Daniel Morris for service with Sir John Norris's Fleet in the Baltic. After returning, she was assigned to South Carolina in 1728. Upon Captain Morris's death on 11 July 1728, he was succeeded by Captain George Anderson. She was ordered home in 1730. In 1731, she was under Captain George Berkeley for service in Jamaica. She returned Home and was paid off in June 1733. She underwent a small repair costing £1,326.18.5d[Note 8] between September and December 1733 at Portsmouth. She was recommissioned in 1734 under the command of Captain Lord Aubrey Beauclerk for service in the Mediterranean. Upon her return she underwent a great repair costing £3,171.3.1d[Note 9] from February to April 1736. In February 1738 she was under Captain Charles Watson for service at Newfoundland followed by service in the Mediterranean during 1739/40. In May 1741 Captain Henry Godsalve was her commander until 1744.[12]

Disposition

Under AO 6 September 1744, she was sold at Sheerness for £1,003[Note 10] on 27 September 1744.[12]

Notes
  1. A demi-culverin was a gun of 3,400 pounds with a four inch bore firing a 9.5 pound shot with an eight pound powder charge
  2. A 6-ponder was a Dutch gun used to replace the saker
  3. A minion renamed the 4-pounder was a gun of 1,000 pounds with a 3.5 inch bore firing a 4 pound shot with a 4 pound powder charge.
  4. A total cost accounting for inflation of approximately £392,700 in today's money
  5. A total cost accounting for inflation of approximately £504,900 in today's money
  6. A total cost accounting for inflation of approximately £135,900 in today's money
  7. A total cost accounting for inflation of approximately £485,700 in today's money
  8. A total cost accounting for inflation of approximately £234,300 in today's money
  9. A total cost accounting for inflation of approximately £526,900 in today's money
  10. A total cost accounting for inflation of approximately £166,600 in today's money

Citations
  1. Colledge (2020), Section S, (Scarborough)
  2. Colledge (2020), Section G, (Garland)
  3. Thomas (1998), Battle and Campaign Honours, Section P, Passero
  4. Winfred 2009, Ch 5, The Fifth Rates, Vessels acquired from 16 December 1688, Fifth Rates of 32 and 36 guns, 1694 Programme, Scarborough
  5. Lavery (1989), Part V, Ch 18, culverins, page 101
  6. Lavery (1989), Part V, Ch 18, The 6-pounder, page 102
  7. Lavery (1989), Part V, Ch 18, Minion or 4-pounder, page 103
  8. Winfred 2009, Ch 5, The Fifth Rates, Vessels acquired from 16 December 1688, Fifth Rates of 32 and 36 guns, 1694 Programme
  9. Clowes (1898), Chapter XXIV, pages 492-494
  10. Clowes (1898), Chapter XXIV, page 530
  11. Winfield (2007), Chronology and Fleet Actions, 1. Battle of Passaro
  12. Winfred 2007, Ch 6, The Sixth Rates, Vessels acquired from 1 August 1714, 1719 Establishment, Garland
  13. Winfred 2007, Ch 6, The Sixth Rates, Vessels acquired from 1 August 1714, 1719 Establishment

References
  • Winfield (2009), British Warships in the Age of Sail (1603 – 1714), by Rif Winfield, published by Seaforth Publishing, England © 2009, EPUB ISBN 978-1-78346-924-6
  • Winfield (2007), British Warships in the Age of Sail (1714 – 1792), by Rif Winfield, published by Seaforth Publishing, England © 2007, EPUB ISBN 978-1-78346-925-3
  • Colledge (2020), Ships of the Royal Navy, by J.J. Colledge, revised and updated by Lt Cdr Ben Warlow and Steve Bush, published by Seaforth Publishing, Barnsley, Great Britain, © 2020, EPUB ISBN 978-1-5267-9328-7
  • Lavery (1989), The Arming and Fitting of English Ships of War 1600 - 1815, by Brian Lavery, published by US Naval Institute Press © Brian Lavery 1989, ISBN 978-0-87021-009-9, Part V Guns, Type of Guns
  • Clowes (1898), The Royal Navy, A History from the Earliest Times to the Present (Vol. II). London. England: Sampson Low, Marston & Company, © 1898
  • Clowes (1898), The Royal Navy, A History from the Earliest Times to the Present (Vol. III). London. England: Sampson Low, Marston & Company, © 1898
  • Thomas (1998), Battles and Honours of the Royal Navy, by David A. Thomas, first published in Great Britain by Leo Cooper 1998, Copyright © David A. Thomas 1998, ISBN 085052-623-X (EPUB)
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