HMS TB 11 (1907)

HMS TB 11 (originally named HMS Mayfly) was a Cricket-class coastal destroyer or torpedo-boat of the British Royal Navy. TB 11 was built by the shipbuilder Yarrow from 1905 to 1907. She was used for local patrol duties in the First World War and was sunk by a German mine in the North Sea on 7 March 1916.

History
United Kingdom
NameHMS TB 11
BuilderYarrow, Poplar, London
Laid down23 November 1905
Launched29 January 1907
CompletedJuly 1907
FateSunk by mine, 7 March 1916
General characteristics
Class and typeCricket-class coastal destroyer
Displacement291 long tons (296 t)
Length175 ft 9 in (53.57 m) oa
Beam18 ft 0 in (5.49 m)
Draught5 ft 8 in (1.73 m)
Installed power4,000 shp (3,000 kW)
Propulsion
  • 2× Yarrow boilers
  • Parsons steam turbines
  • 3 shafts
Speed26 kn (30 mph; 48 km/h)
Complement39
Armament
  • 2 × 12-pounder (76 mm) guns
  • 3 × 18 inch (450 mm) torpedo tubes

Design

The Cricket-class was intended as a smaller and cheaper supplement to the large, fast but expensive Tribal-class, particularly in coastal waters such as the English Channel.[1][2] An initial order for twelve ships was placed by the Admiralty in May 1905 as part of the 1905–1906 shipbuilding programme, with five ships each ordered from Thornycroft and J. Samuel White and two from Yarrow.[1]

Yarrow's ships (the different shipbuilders built to their own design, although standardised machinery and armament was fitted) were 175 feet 9 inches (53.57 m) long overall and 172 feet 0 inches (52.43 m) between perpendiculars, with a beam of 18 feet 0 inches (5.49 m) and a draught of 5 feet 8 inches (1.73 m).[3] The ships had turtleback[lower-alpha 1] forecastles and two funnels. Two oil-fuelled Yarrow water-tube boilers fed steam to three-stage Parsons steam turbines, driving three propeller shafts.[5][2] The machinery was designed to give 4,000 shaft horsepower (3,000 kW), with a speed of 26 knots (30 mph; 48 km/h) specified.[3]

Armament consisted of two 12-pounder (76-mm) 12 cwt guns[lower-alpha 2], and three 18-inch (450 mm) torpedo tubes (in three single mounts).[5][1] The ships had a crew of 39.[6]

Service

The first of Yarrow's two torpedo-boats of the 1905–1906 programme was laid down as HMS Mayfly at their Poplar, London shipyard on 23 November 1905.[7] In 1906, the ships of the class, including Mayfly , were redesignated as torpedo-boats, losing their names in the process, with Mayfly becoming TB 11.[5] She was launched on 29 January 1907, and reached a speed of 27.16 knots (31.26 mph; 50.30 km/h) during sea trials. She was completed in July 1907.[8]

In August 1910, TB 11 collided with the sea wall at the eastern entrance to Dover harbour when carrying out a practice night torpedo attack, damaging her stem. She was taken into Sheerness dockyard for repair on 3 August.[9] She was refitted at Sheerness in 1911.[10]

In March 1913, TB 11 was based at Chatham, in commission, but with a nucleus crew,[11][lower-alpha 3] and remained at Chatham in July 1914.[13]

The Royal Navy mobilised its reserve forces on the eve of the outbreak of the First World War in August 1914,[14] and in November 1914, TB 11 was listed as part of the Local Defence Flotilla for The Nore,[15] which had the duty of defending the Thames Estuary.[16] The flotilla had a strength of twelve old destroyers and 20 torpedo boats, including twelve ex-Cricket-class vessels.[17]

TB 11 remained part of the Nore Local Defence Flotilla in March 1916.[18] She was sunk by a mine off Longsand Head on the east coast of Britain on 7 March 1916. 23 of her crew was killed. The destroyer Coquette was lost shortly before TB 11 was sunk in the same minefield, which had been laid by the German submarine UC-10 on 6 March.[19][20][21]

Notes
  1. A fore deck with exaggerated camber designed to throw off sea water at high speeds.[4]
  2. 12 cwt refers to the weight of the gun in hundredweights
  3. Ships with nucleus crews were permanently manned with two-fifths of the ships' normal complement, consisting of key officers and men (including engineering and gunnery specialists), who would become well acquainted with their ships. The ships could be quickly mobilised by regular Navy personnel drawn from shore barracks and training establishments. This mobilisation was frequently practiced.[12]

Citations
  1. Friedman 2009, pp. 110–111
  2. Brown 2003, p. 195
  3. Friedman 2009, pp. 110, 294
  4. Gardiner & Lambert 1992, p. 188
  5. Gardiner & Gray 1985, pp. 72–73
  6. Friedman 2009, p. 294
  7. Friedman 2009, p. 305
  8. Friedman 2009, pp. 294, 305
  9. "Naval Matters—Past and Prospective: Sheerness Dockyard". The Marine Engineer and Naval Architect. Vol. XXXIII. September 1910. pp. 52–53.
  10. "Naval Matters—Past and Prospective: Sheerness Dockyard". The Marine Engineer and Naval Architect. Vol. XXXIV. August 1911. p. 15.
  11. "Fleets and Squadrons in Commission at Home and Abroad: Torpedo Craft and Submarine Flotillas at Home Ports". The Navy List. March 1913. p. 270b. Retrieved 13 September 2020 – via National Library of Scotland.
  12. Massie 2007, p. 465
  13. "Fleets and Squadrons in Commission at Home and Abroad: Patrol Flotillas". The Navy List. August 1914. p. 269c. Retrieved 13 September 2020 – via National Library of Scotland.
  14. Corbett 1920, pp. 28–29
  15. "Ships of the Royal Navy — Location/Action Data 1914–1918: Admiralty "Pink Lists", 1 November 1914". World War 1 at Sea. naval-history.net. 24 March 2015. Retrieved 13 September 2020.
  16. Corbett 1920, p. 16
  17. "Supplement to the Monthly Navy List Showing Organisation of the Fleet, Flag Officers' Commands, &c.: I.—Home and Atlantic Waters: Local Defence Flotillas". January 1915. p. 13. Retrieved 13 September 2020 – via National Library of Scotland. {{cite magazine}}: Cite magazine requires |magazine= (help)
  18. "Supplement to the Monthly Navy List Showing Organisation of the Fleet, Flag Officers' Commands, &c.: VI.—Local Defence Flotillas". March 1916. p. 17. Retrieved 13 September 2020 – via National Library of Scotland. {{cite magazine}}: Cite magazine requires |magazine= (help)
  19. Kemp 1999, p. 31
  20. Dittmar & Colledge 1972, pp. 58, 81
  21. Naval Staff Monograph No. 31 1926, p. 260

References
  • Brown, D. K. (2003). Warrior to Dreadnought: Warship Development 1860–1905. London: Chatham Publishing. ISBN 1-84067-5292.]
  • Corbett, Julian S. (1920). Naval Operations: Volume I, To the Battle of the Falklands December 1914. History of the Great War. London: Longmans, Green and Co.
  • Dittmar, F. J.; Colledge, J. J. (1972). British Warships 1914–1919. Shepperton, UK: Ian Allan. ISBN 0-7110-0380-7.
  • Friedman, Norman (2009). British Destroyers: From Earliest Days to the Second World War. Barnsley, UK: Seaforth Publishing. ISBN 978-1-84832-049-9.
  • Gardiner, Robert; Gray, Randal, eds. (1985). Conway's All The World's Fighting Ships 1906–1921. London: Conway Maritime Press. ISBN 0-85177-245-5.
  • Gardiner, Robert; Lambert, Andrew, eds. (1992). Steam, Steel & Shellfire: The Steam Warship 1815–1905. Conway's History of the Ship. London: Conway Maritime Press. ISBN 0-85177-564-0.
  • Kemp, Paul (1999). The Admiralty Regrets: British Warship Losses of the 20th Century. Stroud, UK: Sutton Publishing. ISBN 0-7509-1567-6.
  • Massie, Robert K. (2007). Dreadnought: Britain, Germany and the Coming of the Great War. London: Vintage Books. ISBN 978-0-099-52402-1.
  • Monograph No. 31: Home Waters Part VI: From October 1915 to May 1916 (PDF). Naval Staff Monographs (Historical). Vol. XV. Naval Staff, Training and Staff Duties Division. 1926.
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