Hamengkubuwono

Hamengkubuwono[lower-alpha 1] (Javanese: ꦲꦩꦼꦁꦑꦸꦨꦮꦟ) is the current ruling royal house of the Yogyakarta Sultanate in the Special Region of Yogyakarta of Indonesia. The reigning Sultan of Yogyakarta is the hereditary Governor of the Special Region (Act No. 13 of 2012, article 18 paragraph 1c)[1] with terms of 5 years (article 25 paragraph 1) without bounded by periodic provision (article 25 paragraph 2), as normally applied to such public office.[1] The current Sultan is Hamengkubuwono X.

Hamengkubuwono
ꦲꦩꦼꦁꦑꦸꦨꦮꦟ
Royal house
Royal Seal of the House of Hamengkubuwono
Parent houseHouse of Mataram
CountryIndonesia
Founded1755 (1755)
FounderRaden Mas Sujana (Sultan Hamengkubuwono I)
Current headBRM Herjuno Darpito (Sultan Hamengkubuwono X)
TitlesSultan of Yogyakarta
Estate(s)Sultanate of Yogyakarta

Honorifics

As with many significant historical and respected figures in Javanese culture, the name of a ruler is usually preceded by honorifics – in most cases the usage is of Sri Sultan before the name. In full titles the first Hamengkubuwono was titled:

"Ngarsadalem Sampeyandalem Hingkang Sinuhun Kangjeng Sultan Hamengkubuwono, Senopati Ing Ngalaga Ngabdurrahman Sayidin Panatagama Kalifatulah, Hingkang Jumeneng Kaping I".

Etymology

Guard of the Sultan (ca 1880)

For some Javanese, the name has been interpreted as having the following components:

  • Hamangku: pleased to serve the people
  • Hamengku: protect the people in a just way
  • Hamengkoni: ready to take responsibility of a leader
  • Buwono: the Javanese universe[2]

Such an explanation does not necessarily coincide with strict etymology of the word.

List of Sultans of Yogyakarta (1755–present)

This list is of ruling dates, see specific articles for birth dates.

NamePortraitBirthMarriage(s)DeathNoteRef.
Hamengkubuwono I
Bendara Raden Mas Sujono

13 February 1755

24 March 1792
(37 years, 41 days)
Kartasura
6 August 1717
Son of Amangkurat IV
Gusti Kanjeng Ratu Katipaten Yogyakarta
24 March 1792
Aged 74 years, 231 days
[3]
Hamengkubuwono II
Gusti Raden Mas Sundoro

2 April 1792

31 December 1810
(18 years, 274 days)
Yogyakarta
7 March 1750
Son of Hamengkubuwono I
Yogyakarta
3 January 1828
Aged 77 years, 302 days
1st reign [4]
Hamengkubuwono III
Raden Mas Surojo

31 December 1810

28 December 1811
(363 days)
Yogyakarta
20 February 1769
Son of Hamengkubuwono II
GKR Ageng Yogyakarta
3 November 1814
Aged 45 years, 256 days
1st reign [5]
Hamengkubuwono II
Gusti Raden Mas Sundoro

28 December 1811

21 June 1812
(177 days)
Yogyakarta
7 March 1750
Son of Hamengkubuwono I
Yogyakarta
3 January 1828
Aged 77 years, 302 days
2nd reign [4]
Hamengkubuwono III
Raden Mas Surojo

28 June 1812

3 November 1814
(2 years, 129 days)
Yogyakarta
20 February 1769
Son of Hamengkubuwono II
GKR Ageng Yogyakarta
3 November 1814
Aged 45 years, 256 days
2nd reign [5]
Hamengkubuwono IV
Raden Mas Ibnu Jarot

9 November 1814

6 December 1823
(9 years, 28 days)
Yogyakarta
3 April 1804
Son of Hamengkubuwono III
Yogyakarta
6 December 1823
Aged 19 years, 247 days
[6]
Hamengkubuwono V
Raden Mas Gathot Menol

19 December 1823

17 August 1826
(2 years, 242 days)
Yogyakarta
20 January 1820
Son of Hamengkubuwono IV
Yogyakarta
5 June 1855
Aged 35 years, 136 days
1st reign [7]
Hamengkubuwono II
Gusti Raden Mas Sundoro

17 August 1826

3 January 1828
(1 year, 140 days)
Yogyakarta
7 March 1750
Son of Hamengkubuwono I
Yogyakarta
3 January 1828
Aged 77 years, 302 days
3rd reign [4]
Hamengkubuwono V
Raden Mas Gathot Menol

17 January 1828

June 5, 1855
(27 years, 140 days)
Yogyakarta
20 January 1820
Son of Hamengkubuwono IV
Gusti Kanjeng Ratu Kadhaton Yogyakarta
5 June 1855
Aged 35 years, 136 days
2nd reign [7]
Hamengkubuwono VI
Raden Mas Mustojo

5 July 1855

20 July 1877
(22 years, 16 days)
Yogyakarta
10 August 1821
Brother of Hamengkubuwono V
GKR Kencono Yogyakarta
20 July 1877
Aged 55 years, 344 days
[8]
Hamengkubuwono VII
Raden Mas Murtejo

22 December 1877

29 January 1921
(43 years, 39 days)
Yogyakarta
4 February 1839
Son of Hamengkubuwono VI
  • BRA Sukina
  • GKR Mas
  • GKR Kencana
  • GKR Kencana II
  • BRAy Ratnaningsi
  • BRAy Ratnaningdia
  • BRAy Ratna Adi
  • BRAy Ratnasangdia
  • BRAy Ratnajiwata
  • BRAy Puryaningdia
  • BRAy Devaratna
  • BRAy Puspitaningdiya
  • BRAy Srengkara Adinindia
  • BRAy Rukmidiningdia
  • BRAy Ratna Adiningrum
  • BRAy Ratna Puspita
  • BRAy Tejaningrum
  • BRAy Ratna Mandaya (18 wives)

69 children
Yogyakarta
30 December 1831
Aged 92 years, 329 days
[9]
Hamengkubuwono VIII
Raden Mas Sujadi

8 February 1921

22 October 1939
(18 years, 257 days)
Yogyakarta
3 March 1880
Son of Hamengkubuwono VII
  • RA Siti Katina (1907)
  • BRA Purya Aningdiya
  • BRA Puspitaningdiya
  • BRA Srengkara Aningdiya
  • RA Kustilah
  • BRA Rukmi Aningdiya
  • KBRAy Ratna Adiningrum
  • BRAy Ratna Puspita (8 wives)

41 children
Yogyakarta
22 October 1939
Aged 59 years, 233 days
[10]
Hamengkubuwono IX
Raden Mas Dorodjatun

18 March 1940

2 October 1988
(48 years, 199 days)
Yogyakarta
12 August 1912
Son of Hamengkubuwono VIII
  • KRA Pintakapurnama (1940)
  • KRA Widyaningrum (1943)
  • KRA Hastungkara (1948)
  • KRA Ciptamurti
  • KRA Norma Nindya Kirana (1977)

20 children
Washington, D.C.
2 October 1988
Aged 76 years, 51 days
Also served as Governor of Yogyakarta (1945–1988) and Vice President of Indonesia (1973–1978) [11]
Hamengkubuwono X
Raden Mas Herjuno Darpito

7 March 1989

present
(34 years, 233 days)
Yogyakarta
2 April 1946
Son of Hamengkubuwono IX
Gusti Kanjeng Ratu Hemas
(Tatiek Drajad Supriastuti)
5 children
Living
Age 77 years, 206 days
Also served as Governor of Yogyakarta (1998–present) [12]

Timeline

Hamengkubuwana XHamengkubuwana IXHamengkubuwana VIIIHamengkubuwana VIIHamengkubuwana VIHamengkubuwana VHamengkubuwana IIHamengkubuwana IVHamengkubuwana IIIHamengkubuwana I

Notes

  1. also spelt Hamengkubuwana and in Dutch transcription Hamengkoeboewono

References

  1. "Undang-undang Nomor 13 Tahun 2012 tentang Keistimewaan Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta". Law No. 13 of 2012 (in Indonesian). People's Representative Council.
  2. Negoro, Suryo S. (1998). "Arts, Cultures, Rituals and other Information of Karaton Yogyakarta". Joglosemar.
  3. "Profile of Yogyakarta Sultan Sri Sultan Hamengku Buwono I". Karaton Ngayogyakarta Hadiningrat (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2019-04-07.
  4. "Profile of Yogyakarta Sultan Sri Sultan Hamengku Buwono II". Karaton Ngayogyakarta Hadiningrat (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2019-04-07.
  5. "Profile of Yogyakarta Sultan Sri Sultan Hamengku Buwono III". Karaton Ngayogyakarta Hadiningrat (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2019-04-07.
  6. "Profile of Yogyakarta Sultan Sri Sultan Hamengku Buwono IV". Karaton Ngayogyakarta Hadiningrat (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2019-04-07.
  7. "Profile of Yogyakarta Sultan Sri Sultan Hamengku Buwono V". Karaton Ngayogyakarta Hadiningrat (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2019-04-07.
  8. "Profile of Yogyakarta Sultan Sri Sultan Hamengku Buwono VI". Karaton Ngayogyakarta Hadiningrat (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2019-04-07.
  9. "Profile of Yogyakarta Sultan Sri Sultan Hamengku Buwono VII". Karaton Ngayogyakarta Hadiningrat (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2019-04-07.
  10. "Profile of Yogyakarta Sultan Sri Sultan Hamengku Buwono VII". Karaton Ngayogyakarta Hadiningrat (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2019-04-07.
  11. "Profile of Yogyakarta Sultan Sri Sultan Hamengku Buwono IX". Karaton Ngayogyakarta Hadiningrat (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2019-04-07.
  12. "Profile of Hamengkubuwono IX". Karaton Ngayogyakarta Hadiningrat (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2019-04-07.

See also

Further reading

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