Haplogroup C-B477
Haplogroup C-B477, also known as Haplogroup C1b2, is a Y-chromosome haplogroup. It is one of two primary branches of Haplogroup C1b, one of the descendants of Haplogroup C1.
| Haplogroup C-B477 | |
|---|---|
| Possible place of origin | Sahul Shelf |
| Ancestor | （Grandparent）C1 |
| Descendants | C1b2a-M38 C1b2b-M347 |
| Defining mutations | B477 |
| Highest frequencies | Papuan people, Indigenous Australians, Melanesian people, Polynesian people |
It is distributed in high frequency in Indigenous Australians, Papuan people, Melanesian people, and Polynesian people.
Subgroups
- C1b2（C-B477）
- C1b2a（C-M38）Papuan people and other Oceanians
- C1b2b（C-M347）Indigenous Australians[1]
Frequency
C-M38
- Lani 100%,[2]
- Dani 92%,[2]
- Cook Islands 78%[3]-82%,[2]
- Samoa 62%[3]-72%,[4]
- Tahiti 64%,[4]
- Sumba 57%,[4]
- Maori 43%,[5]
- Tonga 34%,[3][4]
- Futuna 30%,[3]
- Maewo 23%,[4]
- Maluku Islands 15%[2]-28%,[4]
- Fiji 22%,[3]
- Asmat people 20%,[2]
- Coastal New Guinea 14%[4]-23%,[2]
- Flores 17%,[4]
- Tuvalu 17%,[3]
- Tolai 12.5%[2]-21%,[3]
- Lesser Sunda Islands 16%,[2]
- Admiralty Islands 16%,[3]
- West Sulawesi 12.5%[4]
C-M347
- Indigenous Australians 60.2%[6]-68.7%[7]
Migration history
_migration.png.webp)
Migration of Haplogroup C (Y-DNA)
Haplogroup C-B477 took South route after the Out of Africa through Indian subcontinent to Sahul Shelf.[8] C-M38 was born 49,600 years before present around New Guinea.[9]
References
- Hudjashov, G; Kivisild, T; Underhill, PA; et al. (May 2007). ""(May 2007). "Revealing the prehistoric settlement of Australia by Y chromosome and mtDNA analysis". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 104 (21): 8726–30. doi:10.1073/pnas.0702928104. PMC 1885570. PMID 17496137.
- Kayser, M; Brauer, S; Weiss, G; et al. (February 2003). ""(February 2003). "Reduced Y-chromosome, but not mitochondrial DNA, diversity in human populations from West New Guinea". Am. J. Hum. Genet. 72 (2): 281–302. doi:10.1086/346065. PMC 379223. PMID 12532283.
- Kayser, M; Choi, Y; van Oven, M; et al. (July 2008). ""(July 2008). "The impact of the Austronesian expansion: evidence from mtDNA and Y chromosome diversity in the Admiralty Islands of Melanesia". Mol. Biol. Evol. 25 (7): 1362–74. doi:10.1093/molbev/msn078. PMID 18390477.
- Cox, MP; Redd, AJ; Karafet, TM; et al. (October 2007). "A Polynesian motif on the Y chromosome: population structure in remote Oceania". Hum. Biol. 79 (5): 525–35. doi:10.1353/hub.2008.0004. hdl:1808/13585. PMID 18478968. S2CID 4834817.
- Underhill PA, Passarino G, Lin AA, et al. (April 2001). "Maori origins, Y-chromosome haplotypes and implications for human history in the Pacific". Hum. Mutat. 17 (4): 271–80. doi:10.1002/humu.23. PMID 11295824. S2CID 7199607.
- Hudjashov, G.; Kivisild, T.; Underhill, P. A.; Endicott, P.; Sanchez, J. J.; Lin, A. A.; Shen, P.; Oefner, P.; Renfrew, C.; Villems, R.; Forster, P. (2007). "Revealing the prehistoric settlement of Australia by Y chromosome and mtDNA analysis". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 104 (21): 8726–30. Bibcode:2007PNAS..104.8726H. doi:10.1073/pnas.0702928104. PMC 1885570. PMID 17496137.
- Kayser, M; Brauer, Silke; Weiss, Gunter; Schiefenhövel, Wulf; Underhill, Peter; Shen, Peidong; Oefner, Peter; Tommaseo-Ponzetta, Mila; Stoneking, Mark (2003). "Reduced Y-Chromosome, but Not Mitochondrial DNA, Diversity in Human Populations from West New Guinea". The American Journal of Human Genetics. 72 (2): 281–302. doi:10.1086/346065. PMC 379223. PMID 12532283.
- 崎谷満『DNA・考古・言語の学際研究が示す新・日本列島史』（勉誠出版 2009年）(in Japanese)
- Scheinfeldt, L.; Friedlaender, F; Friedlaender, J; Latham, K; Koki, G; Karafet, T; Hammer, M; Lorenz, J (2006). "Unexpected NRY Chromosome Variation in Northern Island Melanesia". Molecular Biology and Evolution. 23 (8): 1628–41. doi:10.1093/molbev/msl028. PMID 16754639.
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