Haplogroup D-M15

Its phylogenetically closest relatives are found among the peoples of Japan, Central Asia, and the Andaman Islands in the Bay of Bengal. It is more distantly related to the Haplogroup D*, whose sub-clades are common throughout Asia.

Haplogroup D-M15
AncestorD1a1
Defining mutationsM15
Migration route of haplogroup D considered most likely by Haber et al. 2019
Migration of haplogroup D within East Asia. Haplogroup D is one of the four major East Asian lineages, next to C, O and N.

Distribution

Haplogroup D-M15 is widely distributed throughout populations that dwell to the northwest, north, northeast, east, and southeast of the Himalaya. It is not found among the populations of India to the south and southwest. The distribution of Haplogroup D1 in Southeast Asia is also very limited, as it is found there only at low frequency and only among populations that speak Tibeto-Burman or Hmong-Miao languages, which have ancestral ties to the north.

The distribution of Haplogroup D-M15 is much more regular in the north, as it is found among nearly all the populations of Central Asia and Northeast Asia south of the Russian border, although generally at a low frequency of 2% or less. A dramatic spike in the frequency of Haplogroup D-M15 occurs as one approaches the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau of western China: among some local populations in Qinghai, it has been found to reach as high as 100%. Its frequency gradually fades as one travels south through the territory of the Tibetan peoples, as Haplogroup O3, which is the most common haplogroup among the Hmong-Miao and also generally found among Southeast Asian populations, becomes dominant. Haplogroup D-M15 continues to occur at an overall very low frequency among the Han people to the east; however, there are some indications that the frequency of D-M15 among the Hans may vary significantly between localities.

As for the ultimate origin of Haplogroup D-M15, one can only speculate that it might share a recent common ancestor with other members of the greater D-M174 lineage who have not tested as part of another branch. Such are found at a low frequency among modern populations of Central Asia.

Phylogenetics

Phylogenetic history
Main article: Conversion table for Y chromosome haplogroups

Prior to 2002, there were in academic literature at least seven naming systems for the Y-Chromosome Phylogenetic tree. This led to considerable confusion. In 2002, the major research groups came together and formed the Y-Chromosome Consortium (YCC). They published a joint paper that created a single new tree that all agreed to use. Later, a group of citizen scientists with an interest in population genetics and genetic genealogy formed a working group to create an amateur tree aiming at being above all timely. The table below brings together all of these works at the point of the landmark 2002 YCC Tree. This allows a researcher reviewing older published literature to quickly move between nomenclatures.

YCC 2002/2008 (Shorthand) (α) (β) (γ) (δ) (ε) (ζ) (η) YCC 2002 (Longhand) YCC 2005 (Longhand) YCC 2008 (Longhand) YCC 2010r (Longhand) ISOGG 2006 ISOGG 2007 ISOGG 2008 ISOGG 2009 ISOGG 2010 ISOGG 2011 ISOGG 2012
D-M174********DDDDDDDDDD
D-M154IV3G12Eu5H3BD1D1D1D1D1D1D1D1D1D1D1
D-M55********D2D2D2D2D2D2D2D2D2D2
D-P124IV3G11Eu5H2BD2aD2aD2a1a1D2a1a1D2D2D2a1a1D2a1a1D2a1a1removedremoved
D-M116.14IV3G11Eu5H2BD2b*D2aD2aD2aD2aD2aD2aD2aD2aremovedremoved
D-M1254IV3G11Eu5H2BD2b1D2a1D2a1D2a1D2a1D2a1D2a1D2a1D2a1D2a1D2a1
D-M1514IV3G11Eu5H2BD2b2D2a1D2a2D2a2D2a2D2a2D2a2D2a2D2a2D2a2D2a2

Research publications

The following research teams per their publications were represented in the creation of the YCC tree.

Phylogenetic trees

By ISOGG tree（Version: 14.151）.[1]


See also

Genetics

Y-DNA D subclades

Y-DNA backbone tree

References
  1. "2019-2020 Haplogroup D Tree".
  2. Y-DNA Haplogroup D and its Subclades - 2014

Sources for conversion tables
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