Happy Valley Forest

Happy Valley Forest is a 6.48 square kilometre provincially significant ecological area, classified as an Area of Natural and Scientific Interest by the Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources.[1] It consists of an upland forest on steeply rolling topography, various wooded swamps, and minor wetland areas (wet meadows, thickets and cattail swamps). A few small kettle ponds are also present.

Happy Valley Forest
Geography
LocationKing, Ontario, Canada
Coordinates43°57′50″N 79°37′15″W
Area6.48 km2 (2.50 sq mi)
Ecology
Dominant tree speciesSugar maple

Located on Ordovician bedrock over the Oak Ridges Moraine, the forest attains elevations between 122 and 152 m, increasing westward. The majority of the area is composed of overburden of ice-contract stratified drift of sand, gravel and silt of varying origin (kame, outwash or collapse). Soil types in the forests are predominantly pontytool sandy loam; Brighton sandy loam, King clay loam (southern and western steep areas), and bottomland (along stream banks) are present in small areas.

The upland forest is dominated by sugar maple in most areas, and sugar maple and American beech in others, though species such as paper birch, white ash, eastern hemlock, black cherry and red oak are found throughout. The eastern portion is instead dominated by red maple and red oak, interspersed by American beech, paper birch, eastern hemlock and largetooth aspen.

In the valleys of this forest can be found largetooth aspen with white birch, red maple and occasional beech, red oak and trembling aspen. Moreover, several kettle depressions and small kettle ponds are present in the area.

Supporting over 100 bird species, and numerous other wildlife species, the Happy Valley Forest is recognized for its size and the presence of various rare species.[2] Native and rare species include:[3][4]

The red-shouldered hawk was a vulnerable species, but as a result of conservation efforts, was reclassified in 2006 and is no longer at risk.[4] Note that the status of the species listed above is for Canada only.[5] None of these species is currently facing global extinction.

The forest is also home to the northern flying squirrel and the southern flying squirrel, which depend on trees with holes for nesting and food storage.[4] The southern flying squirrel is at the northern extent of its range in Happy Valley Forest.[4]

Happy Valley Infiltration Area

The Happy Valley Infiltration Area is the source for the Happy Valley Tributary, which merges with the Schomberg River.[6] It has an area of 9.45 km².

Politics

In addition to the politics of the Oak Ridges Moraine, Happy Valley Forest faces a number of political and social issues. Since the late 1990s, ATV use throughout the forest became a concern, both because the vehicles create noise, and because they cause damage to various plants; some indigenous plants are in danger of extirpation, while similar, hardier invasive species take over their habitat. To address the issue, in 2007 the township passed a bylaw mandating that all concession roads in the forest be closed,[7] and erected fences around the property[8] to eliminate access to ATVs.

The Nature Conservancy of Canada (NCC) has a long-term goal to protect 500 acres (2 km²) of Happy Valley Forest. Over 630 acres (2.5 km2) of land are currently protected by the NCC and its partners[9][10] via land purchases, land donations and conservation easements.[11] In May 2013, NCC announced that 90 acres of conservation lands named Love Mountain in the Happy Valley Forest Natural Area were donated by a family that acquired the land in 1930, and funding for its conservation was obtained from private parties, the Government of Canada, and the Regional Municipality of York.[12]

References
  1. "Natural Areas Report: HAPPY VALLEY FORESTS". Government of Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources. Archived from the original on 2007-07-17. Retrieved 2007-08-07.
  2. "Background: Protecting Happy Valley Forest on the Oak Ridges Moraine" (PDF). Nature Conservancy of Canada. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2007-10-08. Retrieved 2007-08-07.
  3. "Birds of the Happy Valley Forest". Nature Conservancy of Canada. Archived from the original on 2007-10-08. Retrieved 2007-08-07.
  4. Stabb, Mark (Fall 2011). "The secret squirrels of Happy Valley Forest". Tapestry. Beeton, Ontario: Simcoe-York Printing and Publishing.
  5. "All Endangered, Threatened, and Special Concern Species". Environment Canada. Archived from the original on 2007-08-13. Retrieved 2007-08-07.
  6. "Natural Areas Report: HAPPY VALLEY INFILTRATION AREA". Government of Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources. Archived from the original on 2007-07-17. Retrieved 2007-08-07.
  7. Willoughby, Serena (2007-08-01). "Big smiles for Happy Valley growth". Metroland Media Group Ltd. Retrieved 2007-08-07.
  8. Rea, Bill (2007-08-01). "Creeds donate 30 of their acres in Happy Valley". The King Township Sentinel. Archived from the original on 2007-08-22. Retrieved 2007-08-07.
  9. Pavilons, Mark (22 May 2013). "Land donation is a true 'Love story'". King Weekly Sentinel. Simcoe-York Newspapers. Retrieved 2013-11-08.
  10. "Protector — Happy Valley Forest". Nature Conservancy of Canada. Archived from the original on 2007-09-07. Retrieved 2007-08-01.
  11. "Happy Valley Forest". Nature Conservancy of Canada. Archived from the original on 2007-08-30. Retrieved 2007-08-07.
  12. "Love Story: Protected habitat in the Happy Valley Forest grows". Nature Conservancy of Canada. 15 May 2013. Archived from the original on 9 November 2013. Retrieved 2013-11-08.
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