Hard Rock Stadium

Hard Rock Stadium is a multi-purpose stadium located in Miami Gardens, Florida, United States. The stadium is the home field for the Miami Dolphins of the National Football League (NFL) and the Miami Hurricanes, the University of Miami's NCAA Division I college football team.

Hard Rock Stadium
Exterior view of Hard Rock Stadium,
as seen in January 2020
Former names
List
    • Joe Robbie Stadium (1987–1996)
    • Pro Player Park (1996)
    • Pro Player Stadium (1996–2005)
    • Dolphins Stadium (2005–2006)
    • Dolphin Stadium (2006–2009)
    • Land Shark Stadium (2009–2010)
    • Sun Life Stadium (2010–2016)
    • New Miami Stadium (2016)
    • Hard Rock Stadium (2016–present)
Address347 Don Shula Drive
LocationMiami Gardens, Florida
Coordinates25°57′29″N 80°14′20″W
Parking26,718 cars
OwnerStephen M. Ross
CapacityAmerican Football: 64,767[1][2]
Tennis: 14,000[3]
Original: 75,000
Record attendanceFootball: 80,120
(2013 BCS National Championship Game)
SurfaceTifway 419 Bermuda grass
Construction
Broke groundDecember 1, 1985
OpenedAugust 16, 1987 (1987-08-16)
Construction costUS $115 million
($313 million in 2022 dollars[4])
ArchitectHOK
Project managerGeorge A. Fuller Company[5]
Structural engineerBliss & Nyitray Inc.
Services engineerBlum Consulting Engineers
General contractorHuber, Hunt & Nichols[6]
Tenants
Website
hardrockstadium.com

The stadium also has hosted six Super Bowls (XXIII, XXIX, XXXIII, XLI, XLIV, and LIV), the 2010 Pro Bowl,[7] two World Series (1997 and 2003), four BCS National Championship Games (2001, 2005, 2009, and 2013), one CFP National Championship (2021), the second round of the 2009 World Baseball Classic, and WrestleMania XXVIII.

In addition, the stadium hosts the Orange Bowl, an annual college football bowl game, and the Miami Open tennis tournament. Since 2022, the grounds of Hard Rock Stadium has also hosted the Miami International Autodrome, a temporary racing circuit used for Formula 1's Miami Grand Prix. In addition, the stadium will host multiple matches during the 2026 FIFA World Cup.[8] From 1993 until 2011, the stadium also was the home field of the Florida Marlins of Major League Baseball (MLB) until their move to LoanDepot Park in 2012.

The facility opened in 1987 as Joe Robbie Stadium and has been known by a number of names since: Pro Player Park, Pro Player Stadium, Dolphins Stadium, Dolphin Stadium, Land Shark Stadium, and Sun Life Stadium. In August 2016, the team sold the naming rights to Hard Rock Cafe Inc. for $250 million over 18 years.[9]

History

Conception and construction

Joe Robbie Stadium during its construction, April 1987

For their first 21 seasons, the Miami Dolphins played at the Orange Bowl. Team founder Joe Robbie explained what led to the decision to build a new stadium: "In 1976, the city of Miami wanted to quadruple our rent. That did it. I began thinking in earnest about building a stadium."[10] What made the construction of the stadium truly unique was that it was the first multipurpose stadium ever built in the United States that was entirely privately financed.[10]

Robbie also believed it was only a matter of time before a Major League Baseball (MLB) team came to South Florida. At his request, the stadium was built in a rectangular configuration, with a field that was somewhat wider than was normally the case for an NFL stadium.[11] The wide field also made it fairly easy to convert the stadium for soccer. Because of this design decision, the first row of seats was 90 ft (27 m) from the sideline in a football configuration, considerably more distant than the first row of seats in most football stadiums (the closest seats at the new Soldier Field, for instance, are 55 ft (17 m) from the sideline at the 50-yard line). This resulted in a less intimate venue for football compared to other football facilities built around this time, as well as to the Orange Bowl.

The stadium in 2012

At the time it opened in 1987, Joe Robbie Stadium was located in unincorporated Miami-Dade County, and had a Miami address. Specifically it was in the Scott Lake census-designated place.[12][13] Today, it is located in the city of Miami Gardens, which was incorporated on May 13, 2003.[14]

Miami Dolphins

The stadium before a Miami Dolphins game, January 2008

The first preseason game for the Dolphins was played on August 16, 1987, against the Chicago Bears. The first regular season game was scheduled for September 27, a week 3 game against the New York Giants; this game was canceled and not made up due to the 1987 players strike. The first regular season NFL game played there was a 42–0 Dolphins victory over the Kansas City Chiefs on October 11, 1987. The game was in the middle of the 1987 NFL strike, and was played with replacement players.[15] The first game with union players was on October 25 of that year, a 34–31 overtime loss to the Buffalo Bills. The stadium hosted its first Monday Night Football game on December 7 of that year, a 37–28 Dolphins victory over the New York Jets.

The Dolphins have played eight playoff games at the stadium, including the 1992 AFC Championship Game, which they lost to the Buffalo Bills 29–10. The Dolphins are 5–3 in playoff games held here, losing the most recent one in January 2009 against the Baltimore Ravens. Also of note, the stadium was host of the 2018 Miracle in Miami game against the New England Patriots, where the Dolphins scored on the last play of the game. The team is unbeaten here against the Los Angeles/St. Louis Rams (4–0); they are winless here against the Dallas Cowboys (0–3).

Miami Hurricanes football

Hard Rock Stadium during Miami Hurricanes football game
Hard Rock Stadium prior to a Miami Hurricanes game, November 2017

Since 2008, the stadium has served as the home field for the Miami Hurricanes college football team, a premier college football program that has won five national championships since 1983. The university signed a 25-year contract to play at Hard Rock Stadium through 2033.[16]

Prior to their move to Hard Rock Stadium, from 1937 until 2008, the Miami Hurricanes played their home games at the Miami Orange Bowl.

Florida Marlins

Dolphin Stadium shown prepping for a Miami Dolphins game with Florida Marlins baseball gridlines visible on the field, August 2007
The stadium during a Florida Marlins game, August 2008

From 1993 until 2011, the stadium served as the home field to the Florida Marlins of Major League Baseball.

While Joe Robbie Stadium was built primarily for football, it was also designed to easily accommodate baseball and soccer. Dolphins founder Joe Robbie believed it was a foregone conclusion that MLB would come to South Florida, so he wanted the stadium designed to make any necessary renovations for baseball as seamless as possible. In 1990, Wayne Huizenga purchased 50% of Joe Robbie Stadium and became the point man in the drive to bring Major League Baseball to South Florida. That effort was rewarded in July 1991, when the Miami area was awarded an MLB expansion franchise. The new team was named the Florida Marlins, and placed in the National League to begin play in 1993. Proposed 1994 FIFA World Cup matches could not be held at the stadium, as this June–July tournament conflicted directly with Marlins home games; Orlando's Citrus Bowl was used instead. The first Marlins game at Joe Robbie Stadium was played on April 5, 1993, a 6–3 victory over the Los Angeles Dodgers. The Marlins drew over three million people in their inaugural season, and went on to win two World Series titles in 1997 and 2003.

Despite such preparation and pockets of success, the stadium was less than adequate as a baseball venue. Although designed from the ground up to accommodate baseball, it was not a true multi-purpose stadium. Rather, it was a football stadium that could convert into a baseball stadium. There were plenty of reminders of this at Marlins games. The stadium's color scheme matched that of the Dolphins. When the football season overlapped, cleat marks, as well as silhouettes of hashmarks and logos of the Dolphins or Hurricanes, were visible on the baseball diamond. During football games, the infield dirt was visible on the gridiron. The Marlins reduced capacity to 47,662 (later to 35,521), mainly to create a more intimate atmosphere for baseball. However, capacity would have likely been reduced in any event, since many of the seats in the upper deck were too far from the field to be of any use during the regular season. Even with the reduced capacity, the sight lines were less than optimal for baseball. Most seats were pointed toward the 50-yard line—where center field was located in the baseball configuration. Lights were not angled for optimum baseball visibility. Players had to walk through football tunnels to get to dugouts that were designed with low ceiling joists. Some of these issues were showcased on national television during the two World Series held there, when capacity was expanded to over 67,000. Most notably, some areas of left and center field were not part of the football playing field, and fans sitting in the left-field upper deck could not see any game action in those areas except on the replay boards.[17] These issues became even more pronounced over the years, as, by 2004,[18] a wave of baseball-only parks left what had by then been renamed Pro Player Stadium as the only National League park that played host to both an MLB and an NFL team.

Additionally, the stadium was built for games held during the fall/winter football season, not for games in the tropical summers of South Florida, which feature oppressive heat, humidity, frequent rain, and occasional tropical storms. For most of the stadium's run as a baseball venue, it was the hottest stadium in the majors, with temperatures for day games frequently reaching well above 95 °F (35 °C). The Marlins played most of their summer home games at night as a result. The lack of refuge from the uncomfortable climate and disruptive rain delays were considered a cause of chronically low attendance after that inaugural season. When the Marlins were not contending, they struggled to attract crowds larger than 5,000, a figure that looked even smaller than that due to the cavernous environment. Some Marlins players later admitted that they "couldn't wait to go on the road" because Sun Life Stadium (as their home had been renamed in 2010) had the "worst [playing] conditions" and least fan energy in the majors during years when the team was not a contender.[19][20][21]

Baseball renovations and configurations

Interior of Land Shark Stadium in September 2009 when the Florida Marlins, Miami Dolphins, and Miami Hurricanes were all playing there simultaneously prior to the Marlins' 2012 move to LoanDepot Park

After Huizenga bought part of the stadium, it was extensively renovated to accommodate a baseball team at the cost of several million dollars, as part of his successful bid to bring baseball to South Florida. Purists initially feared the result would be similar to Exhibition Stadium in Toronto; when the Toronto Blue Jays played there from 1977 to 1989, they were burdened with seats that were so far from the field (over 800 feet in some cases) that they were not even sold during the regular season. However, Robbie had foreseen Miami would be a likely location for a new or relocated MLB team, and the stadium was designed to make any necessary renovations for baseball as seamless as possible. On January 24, 1994, soon after buying the Dolphins, Huizenga acquired the remaining 50% of the stadium to give him 100% ownership.

Aside from baseball renovations, the stadium underwent some permanent renovations. In April 2006, the stadium unveiled two Daktronics large video boards, the largest in professional sports at the time.[22] The east display measured 50 ft (15 m) high by 140 ft (43 m) wide, and the west end zone display measured 50 ft (15 m) high by 100 ft (30 m) wide. A new 2,118-foot (646 m)-long LED ribbon board, again the largest in the world at the time, was also installed. These have since been surpassed in size.[22]

In addition, the upgrades included vastly widened 40,000-square-foot (3,700 m2) concourses on the stadium's north and south sides. Bars, lounges and other amenities were also added. The renovation had three phases, with the second and third phases of renovation taking place after the Marlins left the stadium. These remaining phases included adding a canopy to shield fans from the rain, which caused the relocation of the video boards to the corners of the upper deck, as well as narrowing the sidelines by bringing the seats closer to the field, ending its convertibility to baseball. The orange colored seats were also replaced with aqua colored ones.[23]

2015 renovation

The Marlins left for their own stadium, Marlins Park (now LoanDepot Park), which was completed for the 2012 MLB season.

A privately funded $350 million stadium renovation project began in January 2015, after the 2014 Orange Bowl. The project plan allowed the stadium to be used for football games during the 2015 NFL season, and was completed for the 2016 season.[24] Stadium upgrades included video boards in each corner of the stadium, additional suites, and an open-air canopy over the main seating areas.[25] As part of the renovation, the stadium's seating capacity was reduced from 75,000 to 65,000 seats. Personal seat licenses were not used, and a preview center opened at the stadium in February 2015 to help current and prospective season ticket holders select their ticket packages. Luxury packages were used in place of PSL revenue to help finance the stadium. Thirty-two four-seat pods were installed located in the lower bowl at the south 30-yard lines, with an additional 16 pods at the south end zone.[26] The pods feature a living room arrangement, including premium furniture and television screens that show the NFL RedZone channel and NFL programming.[27]

Tennis

In November 2017, the Miami Open tennis tournament announced that it would move from Crandon Park in Key Biscayne to Hard Rock Stadium in 2019. Its organizers had pursued a $50 million refurbishment of the aging facility, including the addition of three permanent stadium courts. However, the family who originally owned the land filed a lawsuit that blocked their construction, as their agreement to donate the site to Miami-Dade County in 1992 contained a stipulation that only one stadium may be built on the site.[28][29][30][31]

To host the tournament, 29 permanent courts (including 11 tournament courts, with one being a 4,993-seat grandstand court) were built on Hard Rock Stadium's south parking lots. The stadium proper serves as center court, using a modified, 13,800-seat configuration with temporary grandstands constructed on the playing surface, placing the court roughly between the two 30-yard lines.[32][33][34] The move to Hard Rock Stadium was praised by players and fans because of the ample space the complex provides.[35]

In January 2020, the stadium opened the SkyView gondola, which runs at the south side of the stadium complex and provides views of the grounds and the Miami skyline.[36]

Seating capacity

Permanent seating

The 65,326 permanent seats for football and soccer configurations break down as follows: for the general 19-inch (48 cm) seats with chair back and armrests, there are 27,397 in the lower deck and 34,736 in the upper deck. There are 10,209 of the bigger club 21-inch (53 cm) seats with chair back and armrests. In the 193 executive suites with 10, 12, 16, 20, and 24 seats, there are a total of 3,198. There are also 300 accessible seating locations for spectators with disabilities, 150 seats for working press, and 10 radio/TV booths.[37]

The stadium contains 10,209 club seats and 216 suites. When the Marlins played at the stadium, 2,400 of the club seats and 216 suites were available.

Parking The parking around the stadium takes up 140 acres, featuring parking for 24,137 cars, 171 buses, 90 RVs, 85 limousines, and one helipad on site.

Events

Interior of updated Hard Rock Stadium
Interior of updated Hard Rock Stadium
A Miami Dolphins game at the stadium, November 2007
A Miami Dolphins game at the stadium, September 2012

NFL

The stadium has played host to six Super Bowls (XXIII, XXIX, XXXIII, XLI, XLIV, and LIV), and also hosted the 2010 Pro Bowl.

Super Bowl XLI in 2007 at Dolphin Stadium, when the Indianapolis Colts defeated the Chicago Bears 29–17, was marred by heavy rains. An estimated 30% of the lower-level seating was empty during the second half.[38]

In 2010, the NFL threatened to take the stadium out of further consideration for a Super Bowl or Pro Bowl unless significant renovations were made. One of the upgrades desired was a roof to protect fans from the elements. In 2012, the Dolphins scrapped plans for pitching a $200-million hotel tax proposal that would have included a partial stadium roof.

In 2016, an open-air canopy was constructed that protects the seating bowl from the elements. The canopy, however, does have a football-field-sized hole in the middle, and thus does not protect the playing field itself from rain. The renovations were completed by the first Miami Dolphins pre-season home game in September 2016.

Previously, since the field runs east–west (rather than north–south, as is the case in most other stadiums), the north stands were exposed to the full force of South Florida's oppressive heat early in the season. The issue became so problematic that Stephen Ross, who owned the Dolphins and the stadium, successfully petitioned the NFL to have all September home games start at or after 4 pm. Ross knew that for much of September, the Dolphins had a substantial home-field advantage against opponents unaccustomed to the sweltering heat. However, he was willing to give that up in order to ensure a more comfortable environment for fans, as well as allow the stadium to host another Super Bowl.[39]

In 2021, the team opened the Baptist Health Training Complex at the west side of the Stadium complex. The Dolphins permanently moved to the state-of-the art facility that hosts the team headquarters, and is also a World Cup practice facility site.[40]

Date Super Bowl Team (Visitor) Points Team (Home) Points Spectators
January 22, 1989XXIIICincinnati Bengals16San Francisco 49ers2075,597
January 29, 1995XXIXSan Diego Chargers26San Francisco 49ers4974,107
January 31, 1999XXXIIIDenver Broncos34Atlanta Falcons1974,803
February 4, 2007XLIIndianapolis Colts29Chicago Bears1774,512
February 7, 2010XLIVNew Orleans Saints31Indianapolis Colts1774,059
February 2, 2020LIVSan Francisco 49ers20Kansas City Chiefs3162,417

College football

A U.S. Coast Guard MH-65 Dolphin helicopter flies over the stadium, August 2011

Since 2008, the stadium has served as the home field for the Miami Hurricanes, one of college football's most storied football programs. It also served briefly as the home field for the Florida Atlantic Owls from 2001 to 2002.

The stadium has hosted both the 2009 BCS National Championship Game and the 2013 BCS National Championship Game.[41] The 2013 game between Alabama and Notre Dame set a new attendance record for the facility, with 80,120 on hand to witness Alabama's third BCS Championship in four seasons.[42]

Between 1990 and 2000, the stadium hosted a bowl game variously known as the Blockbuster Bowl, CarQuest Bowl and MicronPC Bowl. After 2000, that bowl was moved to Orlando, where it eventually became known as the Russell Athletic Bowl.

The stadium has been the site of the Orange Bowl game since 1996, except for the January 1999 contest between Florida and Syracuse, which had to be moved due to a conflict with a Dolphins playoff game.

Until 2008, the stadium was host (in even numbered years) to the annual Shula Bowl, a game played between the Florida Atlantic University Owls and the Florida International University Panthers, when the game was hosted by FAU as the home team (FIU hosts the game at its own stadium, Riccardo Silva Stadium, every other year). In 2010, the game was moved to Fort Lauderdale's Lockhart Stadium, and in 2011 the Owls opened FAU Stadium on its Boca Raton campus, and started hosting the Shula Bowl there biennially in 2012.

The stadium hosted the 2021 College Football Playoff National Championship game and (as the Orange Bowl) the 2022 College Football Playoff National Championship semi-final game. The stadium will host the 2026 College Football Playoff National Championship on January 19, 2026.

WrestleMania XXVIII

A then-record attendance of 78,363 fans packed Sun Life Stadium for WrestleMania XXVIII in April 2012

On April 1, 2012, the stadium hosted WrestleMania XXVIII, WWE's flagship professional wrestling event. This was the second edition of WrestleMania to be held in Florida, and the third to be held entirely outdoors.[43][44] With an attendance of 78,363, the event grossed $67 million, and was estimated to have generated $103 million in revenue for Miami.[45][46]

Baseball

Two National League Division Series have been played at Hard Rock Stadium:

Two National League Championship Series have been played at Hard Rock Stadium:

Two World Series have been played at Hard Rock Stadium:

All those series have been played when the stadium went by the name Pro Player Stadium.

When the Marlins began play in 1993, the stadium's baseball capacity was initially reduced to 47,662, with most of the upper level covered with a tarp. In addition to Huizenga's desire to create a more intimate atmosphere for baseball, most of the seats in the upper level would have been too far from the field to be of any use during the regular season. The stadium's baseball capacity was further reduced over the years, and finally settled at 38,560 seats. However, the Marlins would usually open the entire upper level for the postseason. In the 1997 World Series, the Marlins played before crowds of over 67,000 fans, some of the highest postseason attendance figures in MLB history, only exceeded by Cleveland Stadium during the 1948 and 1954 World Series, old Yankee Stadium prior to its mid-1970s renovation, and the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum, the temporary home of the Los Angeles Dodgers, in the 1959 World Series.

Although it was designed from the ground up to accommodate baseball, it was never a true multipurpose stadium. Rather, it was built as a football stadium that could convert into a baseball stadium. Most of the seats in the baseball configuration were pointed toward center field – where the 50-yard line would have been in the football configuration. As a result, even with the reduced capacity, the sight lines for baseball left much to be desired. This was particularly evident during the Marlins' World Series appearances in 1997 and 2003. Some portions of left and center field were not part of the football playing field, and fans sitting in the left field upper-deck seats were unable to see these areas except on the replay boards. Even with the reduced capacity, during years the Marlins were not contending, they often drew crowds of 5,000 or fewer—a total that looked even smaller due to the spacious environment.

The stadium was notorious for its poor playing conditions. The lights were not located in optimal positions for baseball visibility. During August and September, when the Dolphins (and later the Hurricanes) shared the stadium, the field conditions were among the worst in the majors, according to both Marlins players and visiting players. Indeed, several Marlins players said that at times, they "couldn't wait to go on the road." Visiting teams hated coming to the stadium as well. For instance, when the Atlanta Braves came to the stadium for the last time in 2011, Dan Uggla, who played for the Marlins from 2006 to 2010, said that he was probably the only Braves player that would miss it.[47][48][49] The stadium's problems as a baseball venue became even more stark as time wore on, as the Marlins' tenure in the stadium coincided with a wave of new, baseball-only parks. When the Marlins began play in 1993, the stadium was one of 14 that hosted both an MLB team and a professional football team. By the time the Marlins left the stadium, however, it was one of only three in the majors (and the only National League stadium) that played host to both a baseball team and an NFL or CFL team, the other two being the Oakland Coliseum and Toronto's Rogers Centre.

For most of the Marlins' tenure at the stadium, it was the hottest stadium in the major leagues. The Marlins played nearly all of their home games from late May through mid-September at night due to South Florida's often oppressive heat and humidity. They also got waivers from MLB and ESPN to play on Sunday nights.

The stadium was the venue where Mark McGwire hit his NL-record 57th home run to best Hack Wilson's 68-year-old record of 56 in 1998. Ken Griffey Jr. hit his 600th career home run off Mark Hendrickson of the Marlins on June 9, 2008; and where Roy Halladay of the Philadelphia Phillies pitched the 20th perfect game in Major League Baseball history on May 29, 2010, against the Marlins.

Concerts

Date Performer(s) Opening act(s) Tour/Event Attendance Revenue Notes
July 3, 1988Rod Stewart
Hall & Oates
Chicago
John Day and Full CircleHappy Birthday America '88
July 30, 1989The WhoThe Who Tour 198954,339 / 54,339$1,222,628
April 14, 1990Paul McCartneyThe Paul McCartney World Tour95,410 / 95,410$2,862,300
April 15, 1990
August 12, 1990New Kids on the BlockThe Magic Summer Tour
December 31, 1991Guns N' RosesUse Your Illusion Tour
May 16, 1992GenesisWe Can't Dance Tour
July 4, 1992Chicago
September 26, 1992Crosby, Stills & Nash
October 3, 1992U2Big Audio Dynamite II
Public Enemy
Zoo TV Tour45,244 / 46,000$1,289,454
March 30, 1994Pink FloydThe Division Bell Tour54,738 / 54,738$1,975,665
November 25, 1994The Rolling StonesBryan Adams
Blind Melon
Lenny Kravitz
Voodoo Lounge Tour55,935 / 55,935$2,574,810Special Guest Michael Hutchence.
April 13, 1995Billy Joel
Elton John
Face to Face 1995103,694 / 103,694$4,385,725
April 14, 1995
March 8, 1997The Three TenorsThe Three Tenors World Tour
November 14, 1997U2Smash MouthPopMart Tour42,778 / 44,500$2,158,988
July 10, 2007The PoliceMaroon 5
Fiction Plane
The Police Reunion Tour46,105 / 46,105$5,094,870
November 26, 2008[50]MadonnaPaul OakenfoldSticky & Sweet Tour47,998 / 47,998$6,137,030Timbaland and Pharrell Williams were the special guests onstage.
April 3, 2010[51]Paul McCartneyUp and Coming Tour35,784 / 35,784$4,325,859
June 29, 2011[52]U2Florence and the MachineU2 360° Tour72,569 / 72,569$6,799,670The concert was originally scheduled to take place on July 9, 2010, but then it was postponed due to Bono's back surgery.
November 23, 2011The Black Eyed PeasSean Kingston
Jason Derulo
T-Pain
CeeLo Green
Queen Latifah
The Beginning
August 16, 2013[53]Justin Timberlake
Jay-Z
DJ CassidyLegends of the Summer46,366 / 46,366$5,350,175
June 25, 2014Beyoncé
Jay-Z
On the Run Tour49,980 / 49,980$5,450,026
October 5, 2014One Direction5 Seconds of SummerWhere We Are Tour53,914 / 53,914$4,303,749
June 11, 2017U2OneRepublicThe Joshua Tree Tour 201748,494 / 48,494$5,923,665
July 7, 2017MetallicaAvenged Sevenfold
Volbeat
WorldWired Tour42,168 / 45,433$3,163,523
August 28, 2017ColdplayAlunaGeorge
Izzy Bizu
A Head Full of Dreams Tour47,866 / 47,866$6,446,966
April 21, 2018EaglesJimmy BuffettNorth American Tour 2018
August 18, 2018Taylor SwiftCamila Cabello
Charli XCX
Reputation Stadium Tour47,818 / 47,818$7,072,164
August 30, 2018Beyoncé,
Jay-Z
Chloe X Halle
DJ Khaled
On the Run II Tour44,310 / 44,310$6,295,535
August 30, 2019The Rolling StonesNo Filter Tour40,768 / 40,768$9,762,771This concert was originally scheduled to take place on April 20, 2019, but was postponed due to Mick Jagger recovering from a heart procedure.[54] Ultimately, due to the weather forecast of the impending Hurricane Dorian, the scheduled August 31 concert was moved up one day.[55][56]

The last tour concert ever to feature late drummer Charlie Watts.

August 1, 2021Green Day
Fall Out Boy
Weezer
The InterruptersHella Mega Tour24,102/24,102$2,093,855Rescheduled from August 5, 2020
August 14, 2021AventuraInmortal Stadium Tour40,538 / 40,538$6,017,014The first Latin act to sell out in this stadium.[57]
June 18, 2022Def Leppard
Mötley Crüe
Joan Jett & the Blackhearts
Poison
The Stadium Tour40,250 / 43,960$3,348,674
August 6, 2022 The Weeknd Kaytranada
Mike Dean
After Hours til Dawn Stadium Tour 45,142 / 45,142 $6,470,071 [58][59]
August 12, 2022 Bad Bunny Alesso World's Hottest Tour 97,655 / 97,655 $21,900,878
August 13, 2022
August 30, 2022Red Hot Chili PeppersThe Strokes
Thundercat
2022 Global Stadium Tour42,572 / 42,572$5,536,614 [60]
September 17, 2022 Lady Gaga The Chromatica Ball 44,298 / 44,298 $5,878,508
August 18, 2023 Beyoncé - Renaissance World Tour 47,487 / 47,487 $14,362,704 [61]
August 25, 2023 Karol G Agudelo
Bad Gyal
Mañana Será Bonito Tour TBA TBA
August 26, 2023
October 18, 2024 Taylor Swift Gracie Abrams The Eras Tour TBA TBA First act to schedule three shows on a single tour.[62]
October 19, 2024
October 20, 2024

Soccer

El Clásico at Hard Rock Stadium, July 2017

A number of soccer matches have been held at the stadium, including a number of international friendlies featuring Central or South American sides. This is due to South Florida being home to one of the largest populations of Central and South Americans in the United States.

The stadium hosted a match between FC Barcelona and C.D. Guadalajara on August 3, 2011, as part of the 2011 World Football Challenge. Guadalajara won the match 4–1 in front of 70,080 attendees.[63]

Colombia beat Mexico 2–0 in a friendly international in front of 51,615 spectators at the stadium on February 29, 2012. A year later, they beat Guatemala 4–1.

A.C. Milan and Chelsea faced each other at the stadium on July 28, 2012. A.C. Milan won the match 1–0 in front of 57,748 fans.[64]

Brazil beat Honduras 5–0 in a friendly match in front of 71,124 spectators on November 16, 2013. The attendance was the highest for a soccer match at the stadium.[65]

England played Ecuador and Honduras at the New Miami Stadium on June 4 and 7, 2014, respectively.[66]

South Korea played against Ghana on June 9, 2014.

On September 5, 2014, two months after a heavy defeat to Germany in the World Cup, Brazil beat Colombia 1–0 in front of an announced attendance of 73,429 fans, a new attendance record for a soccer match at the stadium.

The 2014 International Champions Cup preseason final was held at New Miami Stadium on August 4, 2014, with Manchester United defeating rival Liverpool 3–1 to claim the tournament's second title.

Two 2017 International Champions Cup preseason matches were played at the stadium, one of them being the El Clásico between Barcelona and Real Madrid. Barcelona won 3–2 in the second El Clásico to take place outside of Spain. 66,014 people, above current capacity, attended the match.[67]

On March 23, 2018, the international friendly PeruCroatia was played at the stadium, which Peru won 2–0.[68]

Matches

Date Team (Visitor) Goals Team (Home) Goals Spectators
February 18, 1994 Colombia0 Sweden015,676
 Bolivia1 United States1
February 20, 1994 Bolivia0 Colombia220,171
 Sweden3 United States1
August 3, 2011Spain Barcelona1Mexico Guadalajara470,080
October 8, 2011 Honduras0 United States121,900
February 29, 2012 Colombia2 Mexico051,615
July 28, 2012Italy Milan1England Chelsea057,748
February 6, 2013 Guatemala1 Colombia425,000
June 8, 2013 Haiti1 Spain236,535
July 12, 2013 Haiti2 Trinidad and Tobago028,713
 El Salvador0 Honduras1
August 6, 2013Italy Juventus1Italy Inter Milan138,513
England Everton0Spain Valencia1
August 7, 2013Italy Milan2United States LA Galaxy067,273
England Chelsea1Spain Real Madrid3
November 16, 2013 Brazil5 Honduras071,124
June 4, 2014 England2 Ecuador221,534
June 7, 2014 Honduras0 England045,379
June 9, 2014 Ghana4 South Korea07,000
August 4, 2014England Manchester United3England Liverpool151,014
September 5, 2014 Brazil1 Colombia073,429
July 26, 2017France Paris Saint-Germain2Italy Juventus344,444
July 29, 2017Spain Barcelona3Spain Real Madrid266,014
March 23, 2018 Croatia0 Peru260,000
July 28, 2018Germany Bayern Munich2England Manchester City329,195
July 31, 2018England Manchester United2Spain Real Madrid164,141
September 7, 2018 Colombia2 Venezuela134,048
October 12, 2018 Chile0 Peru334,016
August 7, 2019Spain Barcelona2Italy Napoli157,062
September 6, 2019 Colombia2 Brazil265,232
November 15, 2019 Peru0 Colombia136,063
September 23, 2022 Argentina3 Honduras064,420

2026 FIFA World Cup

The stadium will host several matches during the 2026 FIFA World Cup. During the event, the stadium will be temporarily renamed to "Miami Stadium" in accordance with FIFA's policy on corporate-sponsored names.[69]

Monster Jam

The monster truck touring series Monster Jam used to take place at the stadium every year. The last show performed there was in 2015, and the shows moved to Marlins Park (now LoanDepot Park) in 2018.

Year Date Racing Winner Freestyle Winner
2000 January 29 Gunslinger Gunslinger
2001 January 27 BearFoot Bulldozer
2002 January 26 Gunslinger El Toro Loco
2003 January 25 El Toro Loco Grave Digger
2004 January 24 MADUSA Grave Digger
2005 February 5 Grave Digger El Toro Loco/Grave Digger (tie)
2006 February 4 Gunslinger Blue Thunder
2007 February 17 El Toro Loco Grave Digger
2008 February 2 Blue Thunder Grave Digger
2009 January 31 Stone Crusher Grave Digger
2010 February 20 Gunslinger Maximum Destruction
2011 February 12 Mohawk Warrior Grave Digger
2012 February 11 Bounty Hunter Advance Auto Parts Grinder
2013 February 9 Bounty Hunter Grave Digger
2014 February 8 Grave Digger The Legend El Toro Loco
2015 January 3 Grave Digger The Legend
2016 No Show (Stadium Renovations)
2017 No Show (Unknown Reasoning)
2018 No Show (Moved to Marlins Park)

Boxing

On February 27, 2021, four-division boxing world champion Canelo Álvarez beat Avni Yildirim at Hard Rock Stadium to defend his WBA (Super), WBC and The Ring super-middleweight titles.[70]

On June 6, 2021, the stadium hosted the boxing event Bragging Rights between Floyd Mayweather Jr. and YouTube personality Logan Paul.[71]

On June 12, 2021, the stadium hosted the Social Gloves boxing event YouTubers vs. TikTokers, with Austin McBroom and Bryce Hall headlining the event.[72]

Other events

Other events held at the stadium have included international soccer games, Hoop-It-Up Basketball, RV and boat shows, the UniverSoul Circus, numerous trade shows, and religious gatherings. The stadium has also hosted Australian rules football exhibition matches (including two Victorian Football League (VFL) post-season exhibitions). For the 1988 exhibition between Collingwood and Geelong, the game was played on the diagonal to compensate for the stadium not being an oval.[73]

In 2006, it hosted the High School State Football Championships, sanctioned by the Florida High School Athletic Association (FHSAA).

In 2020, during the COVID-19 pandemic, the stadium began temporarily hosting an outdoor movie theater at the tennis campus and a drive-in theater in the stadium itself.[74] Additionally, the East Lot of the venue has been used as a COVID-19 testing site, drawing hundreds of cars every day at the peak of the pandemic.[75]

On April 18, 2021, Formula 1 announced a 10-year deal to host races in the area around the stadium.[76]

Since 2018, the stadium has hosted the large hip-hop music festival Rolling Loud. The festival will be held for its fourth consecutive year at the stadium from July 22 to July 24, 2022, and will feature headliners including Ye, Future, and Kendrick Lamar.[77]

In film

Films have also been shot at the stadium, most notably Ace Ventura: Pet Detective, which starred Jim Carrey and featured Dolphins great Dan Marino as himself; Marley and Me, starring Owen Wilson and Jennifer Aniston; and the Oliver Stone-directed Any Given Sunday, starring Al Pacino.

Naming rights

Hard Rock Stadium during the national anthem before a Miami Dolphins game
Hard Rock Stadium during the national anthem before a Miami Dolphins game

The stadium has gone through many name changes, bringing up a question of the value of corporate naming rights.[78]

During the planning and building phase of the stadium, the stadium was referred to as Dolphin Stadium. Joe Robbie, the original and then-owner of the Miami Dolphins and the new stadium, did not want the stadium named after himself. Robbie said "I didn't want them to name it after me. But they insisted, and I guess I'm only human."[10] The stadium opened on August 16, 1987, as Joe Robbie Stadium.

In the early 1990s, Wayne Huizenga gained control of the stadium. Huizenga first sold the naming rights to Pro Player, the sports apparel division of Fruit of the Loom, and the stadium became Pro Player Park on August 26, 1996. After the Dolphins opened the 1996 season there, the stadium was renamed Pro Player Stadium before the team returned home in week 3. The Marlins' 1996 season was played when the stadium was known under three different names, having started the year under the Joe Robbie name.

Fruit of the Loom filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection in 1999, and the Pro Player brand was ultimately liquidated in 2001, but the stadium name held for several more years. In January 2005, the stadium was renamed Dolphins Stadium, coinciding with a renovation of the stadium. In April 2006, it was renamed Dolphin Stadium in an update of graphics and logos.[79]

From February 2008 to January 2009, Stephen M. Ross gradually acquired 95% of the stadium and surrounding land. He then partnered with Jimmy Buffett to change the name once more, this time to Land Shark Stadium after a beer brewed for Buffett's Margaritaville restaurant chain. The renaming was announced on May 8, 2009, but would last less than a year as the deal did not include rights for the upcoming 2010 Pro Bowl and Super Bowl XLIV.[80]

On January 20, 2010, Canadian financial services company Sun Life Financial announced that it had acquired the naming rights.[81] Sun Life Financial announced in 2012, that it will be exiting the U.S. annuity business and focusing on its employee benefits business in the U.S.[82] On August 14, 2015, the Dolphins told the Miami Herald that Sun Life's deal would expire in January 2016, and that the team had no plans to renew, wanting to position its renovated stadium as a brand new entity. The team also stated that it would remove Sun Life's signage upon expiration of the deal, regardless of its ability to find a replacement sponsor before then. During renovations, the stadium was known as New Miami Stadium.[83]

On August 17, 2016, the Dolphins announced that the naming rights had been sold to Hard Rock Cafe International, and that the stadium would be renamed Hard Rock Stadium.[84][85][86] The new name was notably ridiculed by fans of the Florida State Seminoles, as the Seminole Tribe of Florida are the owners of the Hard Rock Cafe chain, but the stadium is the host of their rivals, the University of Miami Hurricanes.[87]

Name Duration
Joe Robbie Stadium August 16, 1987 – August 25, 1996
Pro Player Park August 26, 1996 – September 9, 1996
Pro Player Stadium September 10, 1996 – January 9, 2005
Dolphins Stadium January 10, 2005 – April 7, 2006
Dolphin Stadium April 8, 2006 – May 7, 2009
Land Shark Stadium May 8, 2009 – January 5, 2010
Dolphin Stadium January 6, 2010 – January 19, 2010
Sun Life Stadium January 20, 2010 – January 31, 2016
New Miami Stadium February 1, 2016 – August 16, 2016
Hard Rock Stadium August 17, 2016–present

See also

References

  1. "FAQs". Miami Dolphins. Archived from the original on June 12, 2015. Retrieved April 7, 2016.
  2. Akopyan, Manouk (January 18, 2015). "Dolphins unveil $400M renovation plan for Sun Life Stadium". National Football League. Retrieved April 7, 2016. Sun Life Stadium's capacity will decrease from 76,018 to approximately 64,767 seats in 2017.
  3. "Venue | Miami Open". www.miamiopen.com. Retrieved February 4, 2019.
  4. 1634–1699: McCusker, J. J. (1997). How Much Is That in Real Money? A Historical Price Index for Use as a Deflator of Money Values in the Economy of the United States: Addenda et Corrigenda (PDF). American Antiquarian Society. 1700–1799: McCusker, J. J. (1992). How Much Is That in Real Money? A Historical Price Index for Use as a Deflator of Money Values in the Economy of the United States (PDF). American Antiquarian Society. 1800–present: Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis. "Consumer Price Index (estimate) 1800–". Retrieved May 28, 2023.
  5. Cosco, Joseph (August 2, 1985). "Head Of Dolphin Stadium Project Quietly Resigns". South Florida Sun-Sentinel. Archived from the original on May 23, 2013. Retrieved December 3, 2011.
  6. Ballparks.com – Sun Life Stadium. Football.ballparks.com. Retrieved on June 19, 2012.
  7. "2010 Pro Bowl moving to Miami, will be played before Super Bowl". NFL.com. December 30, 2008.
  8. "Hard Rock Stadium selected as 2026 World Cup site – WSVN 7News | Miami News, Weather, Sports | Fort Lauderdale". Retrieved June 16, 2022.
  9. "Hard Rock Stadium - Facts, figures, pictures and more of the Miami Dolphins college football stadium". College Gridirons. Retrieved February 20, 2019.
  10. Rollow, Cooper (January 22, 1989). "Robbie's Brainchild Now Stands As His Monument". Chicago Tribune.
  11. Sun Life Stadium at Ballparks of Baseball
  12. "Census 2000 Block Map: Scott Lake CDP" (PDF). U.S. Census Bureau. - Compare the map to the addresses of the schools.
  13. "Parking and Transportation". Hard Rock Stadium. Retrieved May 12, 2020. 347 Don Shula Drive Miami Gardens, Florida 33056 - Compare with the CDP map.
  14. "City of Miami Gardens: Demographics". 2009. Archived from the original on October 10, 2015.
  15. 100 Things Dolphins Fans Should Know and Do Before They Die, Armando Salguero, Triumph Books, Chicago, 2020, ISBN 978-1-62937-722-3, p.189
  16. "BBC SPORT | Other Sport... | American Football | Future of Orange Bowl in doubt Future of Orange Bowl in doubt". BBC Sport. August 21, 2007. Archived from the original on November 12, 2012. Retrieved November 13, 2009.
  17. Frisaro, Joe (September 27, 2011). "Sun to set on Sun Life Stadium". MLB Advanced Media, L.P. Retrieved September 27, 2011.
  18. Prior to 2004, the San Diego Padres had shared Qualcomm Stadium with the NFL's San Diego Chargers. The Padres moved into their current home, Petco Park, in time for the 2004 season.
  19. "Players won't miss Marlins' old home". ESPN. Associated Press. September 26, 2011. Retrieved September 27, 2011.
  20. Gonzalez, Alden (September 28, 2011). "Marlins bid farewell to Sun Life Stadium". MLB Advanced Media, L.P. Retrieved September 28, 2011.
  21. Davis, Craig (September 23, 2011). "Marlins, Opponents Eager to Bid Adieu to Sun Life Stadium". South Florida Sun-Sentinel. Fort Lauderdale. Retrieved September 28, 2011.
  22. "Sun Life Stadium: Fast Facts". Archived from the original on July 22, 2012.
  23. "Plans Unveiled for Dolphin Stadium Renovation". January 8, 2010. Archived from the original on July 22, 2012.
  24. Catrair, Jordan (January 6, 2015). "Stadium Renovations Underway". Sun Life Stadium. Archived from the original on January 13, 2015.
  25. Boren, Cindy (January 14, 2015). "Miami Dolphins show off Sun Life Stadium renovations". The Washington Post.
  26. Salguero, Armando (February 5, 2015). "New pricing plan set for Miami Dolphins seats at Sun Life Stadium". Miami Herald.
  27. Rovell, Darren (February 5, 2015). "Dolphins making fans feel at home". ESPN.
  28. Bembry, Jerry (March 20, 2019). "Picassos, DJs, and a football stadium: Inside the new Miami Open". ESPN.com. Retrieved March 29, 2019.
  29. "See First Glimpses of the Miami Open at Hard Rock Stadium". Archived from the original on February 25, 2021. Retrieved March 11, 2020.
  30. Brenner, Steve (March 30, 2018). "Why is the Miami Open moving to a 65,000-capacity NFL stadium?". The Guardian. Retrieved March 2, 2019.
  31. Shmerler, Cindy (March 30, 2018). "Key Biscayne Prepares to Say Goodbye to Pro Tennis". The New York Times. Retrieved March 31, 2019.
  32. "Here is a sneak peak at how Hard Rock Stadium will look for the Miami Open in March". Miami Herald. Retrieved June 20, 2019.
  33. Shmerler, Cindy (March 18, 2019). "Relocated From a Park to a Football Stadium, the Miami Open Emphasizes Luxury". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved June 20, 2019.
  34. Newcomb, Tim (January 7, 2019). "How The Miami Open Is Repositioning Itself At Hard Rock Stadium And Increasing Ticket Sales". Forbes. Retrieved March 31, 2019.
  35. Shmerler, Cindy (March 18, 2019). "Relocated From a Park to a Football Stadium, the Miami Open Emphasizes Luxury". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved July 30, 2020.
  36. "Open Air Gondola Is Ready To Ride Outside Hard Rock Stadium". CBS Miami. January 31, 2020. Retrieved August 22, 2020.
  37. "Stadium Facts". Sun Life Stadium. Archived from the original on July 26, 2015. Retrieved November 2, 2014.
  38. Thompson, Edgar (January 7, 2010). "Miami Dolphins Propose Partial Roof for Stadium in Effort to Attract Future Super Bowls". The Palm Beach Post. Retrieved January 7, 2010.
  39. Vikings among teams facing major stadium issues Archived July 4, 2010, at the Wayback Machine. Fox Sports. Retrieved June 19, 2012.
  40. "Miami Dolphins Break Ground On $135 Million Training Complex In Partnership With Baptist Health". www.miamidolphins.com. Retrieved July 30, 2020.
  41. "Orange Bowl Committee – Sun Life Stadium". Retrieved January 11, 2012.
  42. "Single Game Attendance Report". Retrieved January 8, 2013.
  43. Varsallone, Jim (February 9, 2011). "WrestleMania 28 headed to Sun Life Stadium". The Miami Herald. Archived from the original on February 22, 2011. Retrieved February 9, 2011.
  44. Chang, Daniel (February 9, 2011). "WWE's WrestleMania heading to Sun Life Stadium in 2012". The Miami Herald. Archived from the original on February 10, 2011. Retrieved February 10, 2011.
  45. Bandell, Brian (October 15, 2012). "WWE: WrestleMania had $103M impact on Miami". South Florida Business Journal. Retrieved January 8, 2019.
  46. Graser, Marc (April 25, 2013). "'WrestleMania 29' Sets Earnings Record for WWE (EXCLUSIVE)". Variety. Retrieved January 8, 2019.
  47. "Players won't miss Marlins' old home". ESPN. Associated Press. September 26, 2011. Retrieved September 27, 2011.
  48. Gonzalez, Alden (September 28, 2011). "Marlins bid farewell to Sun Life Stadium". Major League Baseball. Retrieved September 28, 2011.
  49. Davis, Craig (September 23, 2011). "Marlins, Opponents Eager to Bid Adieu to Sun Life Stadium". South Florida Sun-Sentinel. Fort Lauderdale. Retrieved September 28, 2011.
  50. "Billboard Boxscore". Billboard. New York City. January 3, 2009. ISSN 0006-2510. Retrieved December 31, 2008.
  51. "Billboard Boxscore". Billboard. October 16, 2010. Retrieved October 9, 2010.
  52. "Billboard Boxscore – Current Boxscore". Billboard. July 23, 2011. Archived from the original on July 18, 2011. Retrieved July 15, 2011.
  53. "Billboard Boxscore". Billboard. New York. October 2, 2013. ISSN 0006-2510. Archived from the original on October 2, 2013. Retrieved October 2, 2013.
  54. Kaufman, Gil (May 16, 2019). "Rolling Stones Announce Rescheduled North American Tour Dates". Billboard. Retrieved July 3, 2019.
  55. "Due to the weather forecast, the Rolling Stones show scheduled for Saturday, August 31 at the Hard Rock Stadium has been moved to tomorrow night, Friday, August 30". Facebook. August 29, 2019. Archived from the original on February 26, 2022. Retrieved August 30, 2019.
  56. "We're looking forward to seeing you in Miami this evening. We're sorry to those who aren't able to make the change of date, due to the predicted weather". Facebook. August 30, 2019. Archived from the original on February 26, 2022. Retrieved August 30, 2019.
  57. Monique Sowinski (July 20, 2021). "Aventura Becomes First Latin Act To Sell Out The Hard Rock Stadium Miami". Live Nation Entertainment. Retrieved August 13, 2022.
  58. "Tour". The Weeknd's Official Website. Retrieved February 21, 2020.
  59. "The Weeknd Announces Lineup of Openers to Replace Doja Cat on Stadium Tour". Complex. Retrieved June 30, 2022.
  60. "2022 GLOBAL STADIUM TOUR UPCOMING DATES". redhotchilipeppers.com. Retrieved October 19, 2021.
  61. "Beyoncé to bring her Renaissance World Tour to Miami this summer". www.cbsnews.com. CBS News. Retrieved July 27, 2023.
  62. Harrison, Scoop (August 3, 2023). "Taylor Swift Announces New "Eras Tour" North American Dates in 2024". Consequence. Retrieved August 3, 2023.
  63. "August 3, 2011: Barcelona vs. CD Guadalajara". Major League Soccer. MLSsoccer.com. August 3, 2011. Archived from the original on October 13, 2012. Retrieved September 6, 2011.
  64. Fernandez, Andre C. (July 28, 2012). "Alive and Well: AC Milan Tops Chelsea in Front of 57,748 Fans". The Miami Herald. Retrieved July 28, 2012.
  65. Brazil routs Honduras 5-0 from Yahoo! Sports, November 16, 2013, retrieved December 14, 2014
  66. "World Cup 2014: England's friendlies will have a Latin accent". The Guardian. January 16, 2014.
  67. "66,014 is the official attendance for El Clásico Miami at the Hard Rock Stadium". 90Live.
  68. "Peru - Croatia 2:0". www.flashscore.com.
  69. https://www.fifa.com/fifaplus/en/watch/DB3NbyWowkyMfjFJdYHktg
  70. Baby, Ben (February 28, 2021). "Canelo Alvarez dominates Avni Yildirim by third-round TKO as corner throws in towel". ESPN. Retrieved February 28, 2021.
  71. "Floyd Mayweather to fight Logan Paul in exhibition match at Miami's Hard Rock Stadium on June 6". Sky Sports. Retrieved May 26, 2021.
  72. ""Social Gloves: Battle of the Platforms" to Host Fans at Miami Gardens' Hard Rock Stadium on Saturday, June 12". HARD ROCK NEWS. Hard Rock Cafe International, Inc. April 29, 2021.
  73. 1988 VFL Exhibition – Collingwood vs. Geelong at Joe Robbie Stadium, Miami YouTube
  74. Alaa Elassar and Melissa Alonso (June 20, 2020). "The Miami Dolphins have opened a socially distanced drive-in theater at Hard Rock Stadium". CNN. Retrieved July 30, 2020.
  75. "Long Lines Form At Hard Rock Stadium Test Site As Florida Coronavirus Numbers Surge". June 25, 2020. Retrieved August 22, 2020.
  76. "MIAMI GP: Everything you need to know about F1's newest race - including how the track was designed". April 18, 2021. Retrieved April 18, 2021.
  77. "Rolling Loud". March 14, 2022. Retrieved March 14, 2022.
  78. Rovell, Darren (January 20, 2010). "Are Naming Rights Deals A Good Buy?". CNBC. Retrieved February 6, 2017.
  79. "History". Sun Life Stadium. Archived from the original on February 11, 2010. Retrieved June 19, 2012.
  80. Evans, Simon (May 8, 2009). "Dolphin Stadium renamed Land Shark Stadium". Reuters. Retrieved May 9, 2009.
  81. "Sun Life Stadium Named". Sun Life Stadium. January 20, 2010. Archived from the original (Press Release) on July 21, 2011.
  82. "Sun Life Financial to sell U.S. annuity business for US$1.35 billion". SunLife.com. December 17, 2012.
  83. Jackson, Barry (August 14, 2015). "Heat adds center; Dolphins Friday analysis, postscripts; New stadium name coming; Loria rejects overtures; Marlins issues; Heat". The Miami Herald. Retrieved August 15, 2015.
  84. "PRESS RELEASE: Hard Rock International and Miami Dolphins Announce Stadium Naming Rights Agreement" (Press release). Miami Dolphins. August 17, 2016. Archived from the original on November 13, 2016. Retrieved December 16, 2016.
  85. Hyde, Dave; Davis, Craig; Kelly, Omar (August 17, 2016). "Miami Dolphins sell stadium naming rights to Hard Rock International". Sun Sentinel. Tronc. Retrieved September 22, 2016.
  86. Heitner, Darren (August 18, 2016). "Is Hard Rock Stadium a Strange Naming Rights Deal?". Inc. Retrieved September 22, 2016.
  87. Elfrink, Tim (August 17, 2016). "FSU Fans Are Already Trolling UM Over Hard Rock Stadium Name". Miami New Times. Retrieved September 22, 2016.
Events and tenants
Preceded by Home of the
Miami Dolphins

1987 – present
Succeeded by
Current
Preceded by Home of the
Miami Hurricanes

2008 – present
Succeeded by
Current
Preceded by Host of the Orange Bowl
1996 – 1998
2000 – present
Succeeded by
Preceded by
first ballpark
Home of the
Florida Marlins

1993–2011
Succeeded by
Preceded by
first stadium
Host of the Champs Sports Bowl
1990–2000
Succeeded by
Preceded by Host of the Super Bowl
XXIII 1989
XXIX 1995
XXXIII 1999
XLI 2007
XLIV 2010
LIV 2020
Succeeded by
Preceded by Host of the BCS National Championship Game
2001
2005
2009
2013
Succeeded by
Preceded by Host of AFC Championship Game
1993
Succeeded by
Preceded by Host of the Pro Bowl
2010
Succeeded by
Preceded by Host of WrestleMania
2012 (XXVIII)
Succeeded by
Preceded by Host of the Miami Open
2019 – present
Succeeded by
Current
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.