Hawkes Bay (New Zealand electorate)

Hawke's Bay was a parliamentary electorate in the Hawke's Bay Region of New Zealand from 1881 to 1996. In 1986 it was renamed Hawkes Bay (without an apostrophe).

Population centres

The previous electoral redistribution was undertaken in 1875 for the 1875–1876 election. In the six years since, New Zealand's European population had increased by 65%. In the 1881 electoral redistribution, the House of Representatives increased the number of European representatives to 91 (up from 84 since the 1875–76 election). The number of Māori electorates was held at four. The House further decided that electorates should not have more than one representative, which led to 35 new electorates being formed, including Hawke's Bay, and two electorates that had previously been abolished to be recreated. This necessitated a major disruption to existing boundaries.[1]

Prior to the 1881 electoral redistribution, the Napier electorate covered not just the town of Napier, but also its rural hinterland. The northern boundary was the 39th latitude, the arbitrary line established in 1853 that formed the boundary between the original Wellington and Auckland Provinces.[2][3] In 1881, this arbitrary boundary line was abolished, and the East Coast electorate came across this line to the south. Inland, the Hawke's Bay electorate went across the line to the north and took up most of the rural part of the former Napier electorate, but it also went into the area of the Rangitikei electorate, and the town of Hastings was gained from the Clive electorate, which was abolished and replaced with Waipawa. Other settlements that belonged to the Hawke's Bay electorate in its initial shape were Bay View, Fernhill, and Havelock North.[4]

History

The electorate was represented by twelve Members of Parliament:[5]

The 1996 general election was held early, on 12 October, to avoid the need for a by-election after the resignation of Michael Laws.

Members of Parliament

Key

  Independent   Liberal   Labour

  Conservative   Reform   National   NZ First

Election Winner
1881 election Fred Sutton
1884 election William Russell
1887 election
1890 election
1893 election
1896 election
1899 election
1902 election
1905 election Alfred Dillon
1908 election
1911 election Hugh Campbell
1914 election Robert McNab
1917 by-election John Findlay
1919 election Hugh Campbell (2nd period)
1922 election Gilbert McKay
1925 election Hugh Campbell
(3rd period)
1928 election
1931 election
1935 election Ted Cullen
1938 election
1943 election
1946 election Cyril Harker
1949 election
1951 election
1954 election
1957 election
1960 election
1963 election Richard Harrison
1966 election
1969 election
1972 election
1975 election
1978 election
1981 election
1984 election Bill Sutton
1987 election
1990 election Michael Laws
1993 election
(Electorate abolished in 1996; see Tukituki

Election results

1943 election
1943 general election: Hawkes Bay[6]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Labour Ted Cullen 6,852 54.10 -6.26
National Eric N. Pryor 5,216 41.18
Democratic Labour D H Butcher 273 2.15
Independent J H Winter 149 1.17
Informal votes 174 1.37 +0.91
Majority 1,636 12.91 -8.27
Turnout 12,664 93.91 +0.46
Registered electors 13,485

1938 election
1938 general election: Hawkes Bay[7]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Labour Ted Cullen 7,572 60.36 +5.94
National George Maddison 4,911 39.15
Informal votes 58 0.46 -0.14
Majority 2,658 21.18 +12.35
Turnout 12,544 93.45 +4.02
Registered electors 13,422

1935 election
1935 general election: Hawkes Bay[8]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Labour Ted Cullen 6,222 54.42 +15.73
Reform Hugh Campbell 5,212 45.58 -15.73
Informal votes 69 0.60 +0.07
Majority 1,010 8.83
Turnout 11,434 89.43 +9.18
Registered electors 12,784

1931 election
1931 general election: Hawke's Bay[9]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Reform Hugh Campbell 6,124 61.31
Labour Ted Cullen[10] 3,865 38.69
Informal votes 53 0.53
Majority 2,259 22.61
Turnout 10,042 80.25
Registered electors 12,514

1928 election
1928 general election: Hawke's Bay[11]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Reform Hugh Campbell 3,953 38.72
Labour Jack Lyon 3,263 31.97
United Gilbert McKay 2,992 29.31
Majority 690 6.76
Informal votes 92 0.89
Turnout 10,300 85.55
Registered electors 12,040

1922 election
1922 general election: Hawke's Bay[12][13][14]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Liberal Gilbert McKay 3,982 46.28
Independent Reform Andrew Hamilton Russell 3,665 42.60
Labour Charles Chapman 957 11.12
Informal votes 105 1.21
Majority 317 3.68
Turnout 8,709 85.58
Registered electors 10,177

1919 election
1919 general election: Hawke's Bay[15]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Reform Hugh Campbell 3,234 41.99
Liberal Gilbert McKay 2,292 29.76
Labour Charles Chapman 2176 28.25
Majority 942 12.23
Informal votes 86 1.10
Turnout 7,788 72.96
Registered electors 10,675

1917 by-election
1917 Hawkes Bay by-election[16]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Liberal Sir John Findlay 2,635 54.24
Liberal–Labour H. Ian Simson 2,164 44.54
Liberal Alfred Fraser 9 0.18
Informal votes 50 1.02
Majority 471 9.69
Turnout 4,858 48.82
Registered electors 9,950

1893 election
1893 general election: Hawke's Bay[17][18][19]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative William Russell 1,874 40.76 -25.54
Liberal Charles William Reardon 1,804 39.23 +5.53
Liberal Thomas Tanner 920 20.01
Majority 70 1.52 -31.08
Turnout 4,598 93.19 +34.73
Registered electors 4,934

1890 election
1890 general election: Hawke's Bay[20]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative William Russell 1,340 66.30
Liberal Charles William Reardon 681 33.70
Majority 659 32.60
Turnout 2,021 58.46
Registered electors 3,457

Notes
  1. McRobie 1989, pp. 43–48.
  2. McLintock, A. H., ed. (22 April 2009) [First published in 1966]. "Auckland Province and Provincial Districts". An Encyclopaedia of New Zealand. Ministry for Culture and Heritage / Te Manatū Taonga. Retrieved 1 December 2013.
  3. McRobie 1989, p. 42.
  4. McRobie 1989, pp. 42, 46.
  5. Wilson, James Oakley (1985) [First ed. published 1913]. New Zealand Parliamentary Record, 1840–1984 (4th ed.). Wellington: V.R. Ward, Govt. Printer. p. ?. OCLC 154283103.
  6. "The General Election, 1943". National Library. 1944. p. 11. Retrieved 28 March 2014.
  7. "The General Election, 1938". National Library. 1939. pp. 1–6. Retrieved 8 February 2012.
  8. The General Election, 1935. National Library. 1936. pp. 1–35. Retrieved 3 August 2013.
  9. The General Election, 1931. Government Printer. 1932. p. 3. Retrieved 2 November 2014.
  10. "A Coalition Certainty". The Evening Post. Vol. CXII, no. 120. 17 November 1931. p. 10. Retrieved 29 June 2014.
  11. Skinner, W. A. G. (1929). The General Election, 1928. Government Printer. p. 3. Retrieved 18 February 2020.
  12. Hislop, J. (1923). The General Election, 1922. Government Printer. p. 3. Retrieved 24 April 2015.
  13. "Hawke's Bay Seat". Auckland Star. Vol. LIII, no. 260. 2 November 1922. p. 7. Retrieved 16 March 2016.
  14. "Hawke's Bay Seat". Hawera & Normanby Star. Vol. XLII. 1 November 1922. p. 7. Retrieved 16 March 2016.
  15. Hislop, J. (1921). The General Election, 1919. National Library. p. 2. Retrieved 18 February 2020.
  16. "The Final Figures". Sun. Vol. IV, no. 960. 9 March 1917. p. 11. Retrieved 7 April 2016.
  17. The General Election, 1893. Government Printer. 1894. p. 1. Retrieved 19 November 2013.
  18. "The General Election". Otago Daily Times. 28 November 1893. p. 6. Retrieved 28 November 2013.
  19. "Hawke's Bay Electorate". Hawke's Bay Herald. Vol. XXVIII, no. 9544. 2 December 1893. p. 3. Retrieved 30 November 2013.
  20. "The General Election, 1890". National Library. 1891. Retrieved 25 February 2012.

References
  • McRobie, Alan (1989). Electoral Atlas of New Zealand. Wellington: GP Books. ISBN 0-477-01384-8.
  • Wilson, James Oakley (1985) [First published in 1913]. New Zealand Parliamentary Record, 1840–1984 (4th ed.). Wellington: V.R. Ward, Govt. Printer. OCLC 154283103.
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