Hazrat Begum

Hazrat Begum (Persian: حضرت بیگم; Pashto: حضرت بېګم; born c. 1740), also known as Hazrat Mahal[1][2] and Sahiba Begum,[3] was a Mughal princess, as the daughter of Mughal Emperor Muhammad Shah. She was a wife of Ahmad Shah Durrani, the first emir of the Durrani Empire.

Hazrat Begum
Shahdukht of the Mughal Empire
Bornc. 1740
Delhi, Delhi Subah, Mughal Empire (modern day India)
Spouse
​
​
(m. 1757; d. 1772)​
HouseTimurid (by birth)
Durrani (by marriage)
FatherMuhammad Shah
MotherSahiba Mahal
ReligionIslam

Life

Hazrat Begum was born a Mughal princess and was the daughter of Mughal emperor Muhammad Shah and his wife Sahiba Mahal.[4] In April 1748, her father died, and her brother, Ahmad Shah Bahadur, ascended the throne.[5] His mother, Qudsia Begum, gave pension to the Begums and the children of the late emperor not only from the government's purse but also from her own funds.[6]

On 26 May 1754,[3] Ahmad Shah was attacked on a journey by a band of Marathas under Malhar Rao Holkar.[7] While running away from Sikandrabad, he took along with him Hazrat Begum, his mother Qudsia Begum, his son Mahmud Shah Bahadur, and his favourite wife Inayetpuri Bai, leaving all other empresses and princesses at the mercy of the enemies.[8]

At the age of sixteen in February 1756, she became so famous for her matchless beauty that the Mughal emperor Alamgir II, who was then about sixty, used pressure and threats to force Sahiba Mahal and the princess' guardian and step-mother, Badshah Begum, to give him Hazrat Begum's hand in marriage.[9] The princess preferred death over marrying an old wreck of sixty and Alamgir II did not succeed in marrying her.[9]

In April 1757, after sacking the imperial capital of Delhi, the Durrani king Ahmed Shah Abdali desired to marry the deceased Emperor Muhammad Shah's 16-year-old daughter.[10] As she was only 16 years old, Badshah Begum again resisted handing over her tender charge to an Afghan king 35 years old, but Shah forcibly wedded her on 5 April 1757 in Delhi.[11] After the wedding celebrations, Ahmad Shah took his young wife back to his native place of Afghanistan. The weeping bride was accompanied by Badshah Begum, Sahiba Mahal and a few ladies of note from the imperial Mughal harem.[11]

Ancestry

See also

References
  1. Sir Jadunath Sarkar (1964). 1771-1788. 3d ed. 1964. Orient Longman. p. 307.
  2. Dr. B. P. Saha (1997). Begams, Concubines, and Memsahibs. Vikas Publishing House. p. 29. ISBN 9788125902850.
  3. Sarkar, Jadunath (1964). "Fall Of The Mughal Empire, Volume 1". Internet Archive. p. 334. Retrieved 2021-11-01.
  4. Sarkar, Jadunath (1999). Fall of the Mughal Empire (4th ed.). Hyderabad: Orient Longman. p. 268. ISBN 9788125017615.
  5. Edwards, Michael (1960). The Orchid House: Splendours and Miseries of the Kingdom of Oudh, 1827-1857. Cassell. p. 7.
  6. Kumari, Savita. Udham Bai: A Glimpse into the Aplendid Life of a Later Mughal Queen. p. 51.
  7. Bilkees I. Latif (2010). Forgotten. Penguin Books India. p. 50. ISBN 978-0-14-306454-1.
  8. Sudha Sharma (March 21, 2016). The Status of Muslim Women in Medieval India. SAGE Publications India. p. 66. ISBN 9789351505679.
  9. Aḥmad, ʻAzīz; Israel, Milton (1983). Islamic society and culture: essays in honour of Professor Aziz Ahmad. Manohar. p. 146.
  10. A Comprehensive History of India: 1712-1772. Orient Longmans. 1978.
  11. Sarkar, Sir Jadunath (1971). 1754-1771 (Panipat). 3d ed. 1966, 1971 printing. Orient Longman. p. 89.
  12. Muni Lal, Mini Mughals (1989), p. 29
  13. Malik, Zahir Uddin (1977). The reign of Muhammad Shah, 1719-1748. London: Asia Pub. House. p. 407. ISBN 9780210405987.
  14. University, Centre of Advanced Study, Department of History, Aligarh Muslim (1972). Medieval India : a miscellany. London: Asia Pub. House. p. 252. ISBN 9780210223932.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  15. Nagendra Kr Singh, ed. (2001). Encyclopaedia of Muslim Biography: S-Z. A.P.H. Publishing Corporation. p. 10. ISBN 9788176482356.
  16. Jaswant Lal Mehta (1 January 2005). Advanced Study in the History of Modern India 1707-1813. Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd. p. 137. ISBN 978-1-932705-54-6.
  17. Maharashtra (India). Dept. of Archives (1970). Maharashtra Archives, Volume 5. Director, Government Print. and Stationery, Maharashtra State. p. 13.
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