Heike Drechsler

Heike Gabriela Drechsler (German pronunciation: [ˈhaɪkə ˈdʁɛkslɐ] ⓘ; née Daute; born 16 December 1964) is a German former track and field athlete who represented East Germany and later Germany. One of the most successful long jumpers of all-time, she is a former world record holder and ranks third on the all-time list with her legal best of 7.48 metres in 1988. Her marginally wind-assisted jump of 7.63 metres (+2.1) in 1992 at altitude in Sestriere, is still the furthest a woman has ever long jumped. She is the only woman who has won two Olympic gold medals in the long jump, winning in 1992 and 2000.

Heike Drechsler
Drechsler at long jump
Personal information
Birth nameHeike Gabriela Daute[1]
Nickname(s)Heike Spix[1]
NationalityGerman
Born (1964-12-16) 16 December 1964[1]
Gera, Bezirk Gera, East Germany[1]
Height181 cm (5 ft 11 in)[1]
Weight68 kg (150 lb)[1]
Sport
SportTrack and field
Medal record
Women's athletics
Representing  East Germany
Olympic Games
Silver medal – second place1988 Seoul Long jump
Bronze medal – third place1988 Seoul 100 m
Bronze medal – third place1988 Seoul 200 m
World Championships
Gold medal – first place1983 HelsinkiLong jump
Silver medal – second place1987 Rome100 m
Bronze medal – third place1987 RomeLong jump
World Indoor Championships
Gold medal – first place1987 Indianapolis200 m
Gold medal – first place1987 IndianapolisLong jump
European Championships
Gold medal – first place1986 Stuttgart200 m
Gold medal – first place1986 StuttgartLong jump
Gold medal – first place1990 SplitLong jump
Silver medal – second place 1990 Split200 m
Representing  Germany
Olympic Games
Gold medal – first place1992 Barcelona Long jump
Gold medal – first place2000 Sydney Long jump
World Championships
Gold medal – first place1993 StuttgartLong jump
Silver medal – second place1991 TokyoLong jump
Bronze medal – third place1991 Tokyo4x100 m relay
European Championships
Gold medal – first place1994 HelsinkiLong jump
Gold medal – first place1998 BudapestLong jump
Updated on 30 June 2015.

Drechsler also won Olympic medals in the 100 metres and 200 metres in 1988, a silver medal in the 100 metres at the 1987 World Championships, and is a former world record holder in the 200 metres with 21.71 secs in 1986.

Biography

Drechsler was born in Gera, Bezirk Gera, East Germany (now Thuringia, Germany). As a teenager she was active in the Free German Youth (FDJ) and in 1984 she was elected to the Volkskammer of East Germany.

Initially a very competitive long jumper early in her career as a teenager, Drechsler made a transition into the world of elite sprinting in 1986 at the age of 21. She married Andreas Drechsler in July 1984 and competed as Heike Drechsler from then on. She was coached by Erich Drechsler, her father-in-law.[2]

In addition to her Olympic success, Drechsler won two World Championships in the long jump (1983 and 1993), as well as gold medals in the long jump and the 200 m sprint in the World Indoor Championships 1987. She also had numerous successes in European and German championships. Drechsler's greatest rival in the long jump was Jackie Joyner-Kersee, with whom she was also very good friends.

In 1986, Drechsler twice equalled Marita Koch's 200 metres sprint (21.71 seconds) world record and set two long jump world records and equalled one in 1985 and 1986.

According to an article written by Ron Casey (an Australian statistician), in 1986 Drechsler made significant improvements to her 100 m and 200 m times. In one season she went from an 11.75-second 100 m to 10.91 seconds. Her 200 m time improved from 23.19 seconds to 21.71 seconds (equaling the world record) in the 1986 season.

Her 21.71 second performance for 200 m was run into a head wind of −0.8 m/s. By comparison, Marita Koch's 21.71 second runs in 1979 and 1984 had tail winds of +0.7 m/s and +0.3 m/s respectively.

Drechsler's 200 m performance of 21.71 seconds into a head wind (−0.8 m/s) is one of the fastest ever run by a woman in the history of track and field.

In October 1986, she was awarded a Star of People's Friendship in gold (second class) for her sporting success.[3] Several German websites, including her own, claim that Heike Drechsler was voted "Athlete of the Century" in 1999 by the IAAF. This is not quite correct: she was put on the "shortlist",[4] but the award was given to Fanny Blankers-Koen.[5]

Personal records

Long jump

1983: 7.14 m (23 ft 5 in) in Bratislava / (Juniors)
1985: 7.44 m (24 ft 5 in) in East Berlin
1986: 7.45 m (24 ft 5+1⁄4 in) in Tallinn
1988: 7.48 m (24 ft 6+1⁄2 in) in Neubrandenburg[6]
1992: 7.63 m (25 ft 1⁄2 in) in Sestriere[6]

Drechsler's 1992 jump in Sestriere was made with a tailwind of 2.1 meters per second, just 0.1 m/s over the allowable level of 2.0 m/s to be considered a world record; it was also performed at an altitude of greater than 1000 meters above sea level, which is the level beyond which marks are designated to have been achieved "at altitude." The jump is 11 cm longer than the current world record.

200 metres

1986: 21.71 seconds in Jena[7][8][9]
1986: 21.71 seconds in Stuttgart[7][9]

Heptathlon

1981: 5891 Points (Junior)
1994: 6741 Points in Talence

Doping allegations

There were many accusations of drug use while she competed for East Germany. She has never failed a drug test during her career; however, all East German athletes competing abroad were tested before departure to avoid getting caught.[10] In 2001, the BBC claimed she has admitted to unknowingly taking prohibited substances in the early 1980s under orders from her team doctors.[11]

In 1991, after the fall of East Germany, Brigitte Berendonk and Werner Franke found several theses and dissertations quoting former GDR doping researchers in the Military Medical Academy Bad Saarow (MMA). The basis of the work reconstructed state-organized doping practices involving many well-known GDR athletes, including Heike Drechsler. Indications were that Heike Drechsler used high doses of Oral Turinabol plus more testosterone ester injections before competitions from 1982 to 1984.[12] In 1993, Drechsler challenged Brigitte Berendonk, accusing her of lying in a lawsuit.[13] In the case, the full annual dosage schedules, and charts of the development of sport performance as a function of the dosage amount, were released. Drechsler lost the lawsuit.[14][15] However, Drechsler continued to win titles after the DDR time (after 1989), when she started for the merged German team and was tested regularly.

  • Heike Daute in 1984
    Heike Daute in 1984
  • Heike Daute in 1984
    Heike Daute in 1984
  • Heike Drechsler in 2018
    Heike Drechsler in 2018

See also

References
  1. Evans, Hilary; Gjerde, Arild; Heijmans, Jeroen; Mallon, Bill; et al. "Heike Drechsler". Olympics at Sports-Reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Archived from the original on 23 May 2015. Retrieved 30 June 2015.
  2. Heike Drechsler. Sporting Heroes. Retrieved on 11 April 2014.
  3. "Hohe staatliche Auszeichnungen verliehen" [Awarded high state awards]. Neues Deutschland (in German). Vol. 42, no. 243. 15 October 1986. p. 6. Archived from the original on 23 September 2018. Retrieved 23 September 2018.
  4. "Fehler". Archived from the original on 26 November 2016. Retrieved 8 October 2005.
  5. "IAAF International Association of Athletics Federations - IAAF.org - News - Article". Archived from the original on 1 February 2004.
  6. http://www.iaaf.org/statistics/toplists/inout=o/age=n/season=0/sex=W/all=y/legal=A/disc=LJ/detail.html IAAF All time stats
  7. ""Ewige" Bestenliste der deutschen Leichtathletik". leichtathletik.de. 27 September 2012. Archived from the original on 24 December 2013. Retrieved 24 February 2013.
  8. "National Lists of Germany (Men)". apulanta.fi. Retrieved 24 February 2013.
  9. "Track and Field all-time". alltime-athletics.com. Retrieved 24 February 2013.
  10. Janofsky, Michael (29 November 1990). "Drug Use by Prominent Athletes Reported". The New York Times.
  11. http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/athletics/specials/european_athletics/2082599.stm BBC
  12. Brigitte Berendonk: Doping documents – From Scientific Research to Cheating. Springer-Verlag, Berlin 1991, ISBN 3-540-53742-2, p. 125, Table 7
  13. ↑ Cf Uwe Mueller / Grit Hartman: Forward and forget it! Kader, spies and accomplices – The dangerous legacy of the SED dictatorship, Berlin 2009, p. 215
  14. ↑ Brigitte Berendonk: Doping documents – From Scientific Research to Cheating. Springer-Verlag, Berlin 1991, ISBN 3-540-53742-2, p. 122, Fig 6
  15. ↑ Brigitte Berendonk: Doping documents – From Scientific Research to Cheating. Springer-Verlag, Berlin 1991, ISBN 3-540-53742-2, p. 133, Figure 11
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Heike Drechsler.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.