Henry Lawrence Burnett

Henry Lawrence Burnett (December 26, 1838 – January 4, 1916) was an American lawyer and, after serving as a major in the Cavalry Corps (Union Army), he was a colonel and Judge Advocate in the Union Army during the American Civil War. He was a prosecutor in the trial that followed the Abraham Lincoln assassination.[1] He was appointed to the grade of brevet brigadier general of volunteers in 1866, to rank from March 13, 1865.

Henry Lawrence Burnett
U.S. Attorney for the Southern District of New York
In office
January 1898 – January 1906
PresidentWilliam McKinley
Theodore Roosevelt
Preceded byWallace Macfarlane
Succeeded byHenry L. Stimson
Personal details
Born(1838-12-26)December 26, 1838
Youngstown, Ohio, U.S.
DiedJanuary 4, 1916(1916-01-04) (aged 77)
New York City, New York, U.S.
Resting placeSlate Hill Cemetery
Goshen, New York
Spouses
Grace Hoffman
​
​
(m. 1858; died 1864)​
    Sarah Gibson Lansing
    ​
    ​
    (m. 1867; died 1877)​
      ​
      ​
      (m. 1882)​
      EducationChester Academy
      Hiram Academy
      Alma materOhio State National Law School
      Signature
      Military service
      AllegianceUnited States of America
      Union
      Branch/serviceUnited States Army
      Union Army
      Years of service1861–1865
      Rank Major
      Brevet Brigadier General
      Battles/warsAmerican Civil War:
       • Battle of Carthage
       • Battle of Old Fort Wayne
       • Knoxville Campaign

      Early life

      Burnett was born in Youngstown, Ohio, in 1838. He was the son of Henry Burnett (1801–1876), an abolitionist, and Nancy (née Jones) Burnett (d. 1880).[2] His paternal grandfather, Samuel Burnett, a native of Morristown, New Jersey, was well educated and at one time was prominent and influential. He had a considerable fortune, but lost most of his property during the Revolutionary War, along with Robert Morris,[2] and emigrated west to Ohio around 1798.[3] He was also a descendant of William Burnett, a colonial governor of New York and New Jersey.[4]

      Determined not to become a farmer, he ran away from home to get an education. He attended Chester Academy and, later, Hiram College where he was taught by later President James A. Garfield.[5]

      In 1855, he began his studies at Ohio State National Law School, in Poland, Ohio, graduating in 1859.[1] Following his graduation, he began reading law with Judge Benjamin F. Hoffman, law partner of David Tod, who later served as Governor of Ohio. He was admitted to the bar in 1860, and began practicing in Warren, Ohio.[5]

      Career

      In 1861 when the Civil War broke out, Burnett joined the 2nd Ohio Cavalry, where he rose to the rank of major in 1862. In this capacity he commanded 400 cavalry soldiers during an operation into the Oklahoma Territory, and defended the actions of a colonel who placed General James Blunt under arrest.[6] After being trampled by a horse and seriously injured in 1863, however, he transferred to the Judge Advocate General's Corps of the Department of the Ohio, working for Joseph Holt, the Judge Advocate General of the U.S. Army.[5]

      In 1865, he was appointed brevet colonel in the Judge Advocate Corps.[5]

      Lincoln assassination trial
      Henry Burnett (right) along with John Bingham (left) and Joseph Holt (center) were the three judges in charge of the Lincoln assassination trial.
      Brig. Gen. Henry Lawrence Burnett

      After the assassination of President Abraham Lincoln in 1865, Burnett was called upon by Secretary of War Edwin Stanton to be an Assistant Judge Advocate General. Along with him were John Bingham and Joseph Holt, the Judge Advocate General. The accused conspirators where George Atzerodt, David Herold, Lewis Powell, Samuel Arnold, Michael O'Laughlen, Edman Spangler, Samuel Mudd and Mary Surratt.[2]

      The trial began on May 10, 1865. The three spent nearly two months in court, awaiting a verdict from the jury. Holt and Bingham attempted to obscure the fact that there were two plots. The first plot was to kidnap Lincoln in exchange for the Confederate prisoners the Union had. The second was to assassinate Lincoln, Vice President Andrew Johnson and Secretary of State William H. Seward to throw the government into chaos.[2]

      It was important for the prosecution not to reveal the existence of a diary taken from the body of Lincoln's assassin John Wilkes Booth. The diary made it clear that the assassination plan dated from 14 April. The defence surprisingly did not call for Booth's diary to be produced in court. Holt was accused of withholding evidence, but it was never proven.

      On June 29, the eight were found guilty for their involvement in the conspiracy to kill Lincoln. Arnold, O'Laughlen and Mudd were sentenced to life in prison, Spangler six years in prison and Atzerodt, Herold, Paine and Surratt were to hang. They were executed July 7, 1865. Surratt was the first woman in American history to be executed. O'Laughlen died in prison in 1867. Arnold, Spangler, and Mudd were pardoned by Andrew Johnson in early 1869.

      Following the completion of the trial, in October 1865, Burnett asked to be mustered out on December 1, 1865, which was granted. Senator John Sherman and Holt asked for him to be appointed a brevet brigadier general, which he accepted in May 1866.[5] On January 13, 1866, President Andrew Johnson nominated Burnett for appointment to the grade of brevet brigadier general of volunteers, to rank from March 13, 1865, and the United States Senate confirmed the appointment on March 12, 1866.[7]

      Post-Civil War career

      In late 1865, he moved to New York City, where he resumed the practice of law with Judge Thomas W. Bartley, former Justice of the Ohio Supreme Court and governor of Ohio, until 1869. Following his practice in New York, Burnett and his second wife moved back to Ohio, where he then practiced law with Jacob Dolson Cox, another former governor, and John F. Follett, who later served as a U.S. Representative, until 1872, when he started a practice in New York with Edwin W. Stoughton.[4][2]

      Burnett again moved to New York, this time in Buffalo, where he served as counsel to the Buffalo and Erie Railroad (where his father-in-law was treasurer), until 1874. After the railroad, he formed several law practices in New York with various prominent men, including Emott, Burnett & Hammond (with former judge James Emott, Henry B. Hammond, and Charles C. Emott in 1875),[8][9] which litigated for and against the Railways,[10][11][12] Emott, Burnett & Kidder (with Camillus George Kidder in 1877),[9][13][14] Bristow, Peet, Burnett, & Opdyke (with Benjamin Bristow, a former Secretary of the Treasury, William Peet, and W. S. Opdyke in 1878),[15] and Burnett & Whitney (with Edward Baldwin Whitney in 1883).[16][2] He was notable involved in representing the English bondholders in the Emma Silver Mine litigation.[17]

      In 1898, President William McKinley, his close friend,[4] appointed Burnett federal district attorney for the southern district of New York.[17] Upon completion of his four-year term, he was reappointed by McKinley's successor, Theodore Roosevelt, for another four-year term in 1901, which he served in until his retirement in 1906.[1]

      Personal life

      On October 27, 1858, Burnett married Grace "Kitty" Hoffman (1842–1864), the daughter of Benjamin F. Hoffman, a judge. Together, they were the parents of:[5]

      After his first wife's death in 1864, he married Sarah Gibson Lansing (1846–1877), the daughter of Brig. Gen. Henry Livingston Lansing (1818–1889), treasurer of the Buffalo and Erie Railroad, and Catharine Olivia (née Gibson) Lansing (1818–1897), on September 4, 1867. Her paternal grandfather was Barent Bleecker Lansing and her maternal grandparents were Henry Bicker Gibson (1783–1863), banker and president of the Rochester and Syracuse Railroad, and one of the richest men in Western New York, and Sarah (née Sherman) Gibson (herself the aunt of William Watts Sherman). Before her death in 1877, they were the parents of:

      • Catherine Olivia Gibson Burnett (1873–1934), who married Robert Jewett Mercur (1854–1929) in 1895. They divorced and she married John Evans Bell (1864–1952). Her last marriage was to Robert Meade Van Deusen.[21]
      • Lansing Burnett (1869–1893), who died unmarried.[2]

      After his second wife's death and burial at Forest Lawn Cemetery, Buffalo in 1877, he married for the third and final time to Agnes Suffern Tailer (1858–1932)[22] on January 31, 1882, at the Church of the Ascension at Fifth Avenue and 10th Street in Manhattan.[23] She was the daughter of Edward Neufville Tailer, a prominent New York merchant and banker,[24][25] and the granddaughter of Thomas Suffern[26] and Edward Neufville Tailer, Sr. (descendants of William Tailer, colonial governor of Massachusetts).[27] The guests at their wedding included Mr. and Mrs. William H. Vanderbilt, William and Alva Vanderbilt, Cornelius and Alice Claypoole Vanderbilt, William Seward and Eliza Vanderbilt Webb, Gen. James Watson Webb, Ogden and Mary Wilson Goelet, Col. and Mrs. Delancey Kane, and others.[23] Together, they were the parents of:

      He died on January 4, 1916, at his home, 7 East 12th Street, in New York City.[4] He had been ill for the previous year with pneumonia, traveling between his city home and country home.[30] After a large funeral, he was interred in Slate Hill Cemetery in Goshen.[31]

      Society life

      In 1892, both Burnett and his wife Agnes were included in Ward McAllister's "Four Hundred", purported to be an index of New York's best families, published in The New York Times.[32] Conveniently, 400 was the number of people that could fit into Mrs. Astor's ballroom.[33]

      He was a member of the Metropolitan Club, the Century Association, Union Club, the Colonial Club, and the Goshen Driving Club. He also served as past president of the Ohio Society of New York, for four years,[2] and the Loyal Legion.[4]

      Seeking a country home away from the city, Burnett and his wife purchased a horse-breeding farm in Goshen, New York, known as "Hillside Farm," where he raced his stock on the amateur circuit.[4] The 193-acre estate was sold in 1917.[34]

      Published works

      See also

      References
      1. Colby, M.A., Frank Moore (1917). The New International Year Book | A Compendium of the World's Progress for the year 1916. New York: Dodd, Mead & Company, Inc. p. 106. Retrieved November 3, 2017.
      2. Randall, Emilius Oviatt; Ryan, Daniel Joseph (1912). History of Ohio: The Rise and Progress of an American State. Century History Company. pp. 105–112. Retrieved November 3, 2017.
      3. "Henry Burnett - An Ohio Pioneer". www.iment.com. Retrieved November 3, 2017.
      4. "GEH. HENRY BURNETT, NOTED LAWYER, DIES; Distinguished as One of the Prosecutors of the Plotters Who Killed Lincoln. SERVED THROUGH CIVIL WAR Appointed United States District Attorney Here by McKinley and Roosevelt". The New York Times. January 5, 1916. Retrieved November 3, 2017.
      5. "Timeline of the Life of Brigadier General Henry Lawrence Burnett (1838-1916)". www.iment.com. Retrieved November 3, 2017.
      6. Joshua E. Kastenberg, Law in War, Law as War: Brigadier General Joseph Holt and the Judge Advocate General’s Department in the Civil War and Early Reconstruction, 1861-1865 (Durham, NC: Carolina Academic Press, 2011), 139
      7. Eicher, John H., and David J. Eicher, Civil War High Commands. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2001. ISBN 978-0-8047-3641-1. p. 741.
      8. American Bar Association Journal. American Bar Association. 1917. p. 674. Retrieved November 3, 2017.
      9. Court of Appeals: New York: 27. New York: W. Lowey, Law Book and Job Printer. 1885. Retrieved November 3, 2017.
      10. "ERIE MEETS ITS ENEMIES.; A COUNTER SUIT AGAINST M'HENRY. JUDGE DONOHUE ORDERS A STAY OF PROCEEDINGS IN THE MONROE COUNTY ACTION--M'HENRY SAID TO BE WITHOUT TANGIBLE PROPERTY--A PERMANENT INJUNCTION DEMANDED BY THE FRIENDS OF THE REORGANIZATION PLAN". The New York Times. December 7, 1877. Retrieved November 3, 2017.
      11. "ERIE REORGANIZATION OPPOSED.; A SUIT BEGUN BY M'HENRY AND OTHERS-- SERIOUS CHARGES MADE AGAINST RECEIVER JEWETT AND THE FARMERS' LOAN AND TRUST COMPANY--THE RELIEF APPLIED FOR". The New York Times. November 25, 1877. Retrieved November 3, 2017.
      12. Klein, Maury (2006). Union Pacific: 1862 - 1893. U of Minnesota Press. p. 716. ISBN 9781452908731. Retrieved November 3, 2017.
      13. The National Cyclopaedia of American Biography. J. T. White Company. 1898. pp. 251–252. Retrieved November 3, 2017.
      14. Cutter, William Richard (1913). New England Families, Genealogical and Memorial: A Record of the Achievements of Her People in the Making of Commonwealths and the Founding of a Nation. Lewis Historical Publishing Company. p. 521. Retrieved November 3, 2017.
      15. "Solicitor General: Benjamin H. Bristow | OSG | Department of Justice". www.justice.gov. Department of Justice. Retrieved November 3, 2017.
      16. Harrison, Bruce. The Family Forest Descendants of Sir Robert Parke. p. 238. ISBN 9781411686304. Retrieved November 3, 2017.
      17. "HENRY L. BURNETT'S CAREER.; A Lawyer, Soldier, and Public Man Since the Time of the War". The New York Times. January 6, 1898. Retrieved November 3, 2017.
      18. "Baron Victor Von Oertzen was married, in Paris recently to Miss Grace Hoffman Burnett of New YorK". Record of the Times. November 4, 1878. p. 3. Retrieved November 3, 2017.
      19. "BERLIN IS SHOCKED BY ARMY KILLINGS; Survivor of Execution of 29 Marines Testifies at Lieut. Marloh's Trial. FLED FROM A PILE OF DEAD Reinhardt's Adjutant Charged with Forcing the Accused Officer to Disappear. Tells of Wholesale Executions. BERLIN IS SHOCKED BY ARMY KILLINGS Says Reinhardt Condemned Him. Lieutenant Spirited Away. Says Kessel Claimed Big Backing. Reinhardt Reported Out of Army". The New York Times. December 8, 1919. Retrieved November 3, 2017.
      20. "WILLIAM H. BARBER.; Pianist and Teacher Headed Music Department of Stamford School". The New York Times. February 10, 1934. Retrieved November 3, 2017.
      21. "Major Bradley T. Van Deusen". www.iment.com. Retrieved November 3, 2017.
      22. "Mrs. H. L. Burnett". The New York Times. December 12, 1932. Retrieved November 3, 2017.
      23. "MISCELLANEOUS CITY NEWS; A BRILLIANT WEDDING. MARRIAGE OF GEN. HERRY L. BURNETT TO MISS AGENTS S. TAILER". The New York Times. February 1, 1882. Retrieved November 3, 2017.
      24. Henkin, David M. (1998). City Reading: Written Words and Public Spaces in Antebellum New York. Columbia University Press. p. 130. ISBN 9780231107440. Retrieved November 3, 2017.
      25. "TAILER, EDWARD NEUFVILLE". newyorkdiaries.com. New York Diaries (1609-2009). Archived from the original on November 7, 2017. Retrieved November 3, 2017.
      26. Folpe, Emily Kies (2002). It Happened on Washington Square. JHU Press. p. 142. ISBN 9780801870880. Retrieved November 3, 2017.
      27. Saint Nicholas Society of the City of New York (1902). Genealogical Record of the Saint Nicholas Society: Advanced Sheets, First Series. Society. p. 61. Retrieved November 3, 2017.
      28. "Henry Lawrence Burnett". The New York Times. May 15, 1918. Retrieved November 3, 2017.
      29. Yale University (1910). Catalogue of the Officers and Graduates of Yale University in New Haven, Connecticut, 1701-1910. Tuttle, Morehouse & Taylor. p. 236. Retrieved November 3, 2017.
      30. "GEN. H. L. BURNETT, ILL, RIDES IN BAGGAGE CAR; Ex.-U.S. Attorney Lies on Cot in Journey from Goshen to City Home". The New York Times. November 18, 1915. Retrieved November 3, 2017.
      31. "General Burnett's Funeral Today". The New York Times. January 7, 1916. Retrieved November 3, 2017.
      32. McAllister, Ward (February 16, 1892). "THE ONLY FOUR HUNDRED | WARD M'ALLISTER GIVES OUT THE OFFICIAL LIST. HERE ARE THE NAMES, DON'T YOU KNOW, ON THE AUTHORITY OF THEIR GREAT LEADER, YOU UNDER- STAND, AND THEREFORE GENUINE, YOU SEE" (PDF). The New York Times. Retrieved March 26, 2017.
      33. Keister, Lisa A. (2005). Getting Rich: America's New Rich and How They Got That Way. Cambridge University Press. p. 36. ISBN 9780521536677. Retrieved October 20, 2017.
      34. "Burnett Estate Sold". Middletown Times-Press. May 23, 1917. Retrieved November 3, 2017.
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