Heterotremata

Heterotremata is a clade of crabs, comprising those crabs in which the genital openings are on the sternum in females, but on the legs in males. It comprises 68 families in 28 superfamilies.[1]

Heterotremata
Xantho poressa (Xanthoidea: Xanthidae)
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Malacostraca
Order: Decapoda
Suborder: Pleocyemata
Infraorder: Brachyura
Section: Eubrachyura
Subsection: Heterotremata
Guinot, 1977
Superfamilies

See text

Evolution

Heterotremata is the sister group to Thoracotremata within the clade Eubrachyura, having diverged during the Cretaceous period. Eubrachyura itself is a subset of the larger clade Brachyura, which consists of all "true crabs". A summary of the high-level internal relationships within Brachyura can be shown in the cladogram below: [2][3]

Brachyura

Dromiacea

Raninoida

Cyclodorippoida

Eubrachyura

Heterotremata

Thoracotremata

The internal relationships within Heterotremata are less certain, with many of the superfamilies found to be invalid. The proposed cladogram below is from analysis by Tsang et al, 2014:[2]

Heterotremata
Freshwater crabs
Potamoidea (Old World freshwater crabs)

Potamonautidae

Potamidae

Gecarcinucidae

Pseudothelphusidae (New World freshwater crabs)

Trichodactylidae (freshwater crabs)

Orithyiidae

Belliidae

Chasmocarcinidae

Retroplumidae

Dorippoidea

Ethusidae

Dorippidae

Leucosiidae

Majoidea

Inachidae

Epialtidae (paraphyletic)

Majidae / Mithracidae

Corystidae

Euryplacidae

Matutidae

Calappidae

Parthenopidae

Cancridae

Carpiliidae

Aethridae

Pseudocarcinus of Menippidae

Menippe of Menippidae

Polybiidae

Portunidae

Pilumnoidea

Tanaochelidae

Galenidae

Pilumnidae

Mathildellidae

Eriphiidae

Oziidae

Vultocinidae

Trapeziidae

Goneplacidae

Scalopidiidae

Xanthoidea

Xanthidae (paraphyletic)

Panopeidae

Superfamilies

However, recent studies have found the following superfamilies and families to not be monophyletic, but rather paraphyletic or polyphyletic:[2][3]

References

  1. Sammy De Grave; N. Dean Pentcheff; Shane T. Ahyong; et al. (2009). "A classification of living and fossil genera of decapod crustaceans" (PDF). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology. Suppl. 21: 1–109. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-06-06.
  2. Ling Ming Tsang; Christoph D. Schubart; Shane T. Ahyong; Joelle C.Y. Lai; Eugene Y.C. Au; Tin-Yam Chan; Peter K.L. Ng; Ka Hou Chu (2014). "Evolutionary History of True Crabs (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura) and the Origin of Freshwater Crabs". Molecular Biology and Evolution. Oxford University Press . 31 (5): 1173–1187. doi:10.1093/molbev/msu068.
  3. Wolfe, Joanna M.; Breinholt, Jesse W.; Crandall, Keith A.; Lemmon, Alan R.; Lemmon, Emily Moriarty; Timm, Laura E.; Siddall, Mark E.; Bracken-Grissom, Heather D. (24 April 2019). "A phylogenomic framework, evolutionary timeline and genomic resources for comparative studies of decapod crustaceans". Proceedings of the Royal Society B. 286 (1901). doi:10.1098/rspb.2019.0079. PMC 6501934. PMID 31014217.


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