Ho-301 cannon

The Ho-301 was a Japanese 40 millimeter caliber autocannon that saw limited use during World War II, on Japanese Army Nakajima Ki-44 and Kawasaki Ki-45 KAI aircraft. It was unusual in using caseless ammunition. Although the effective range of the cannon was only 150 meters (490 ft), the Ho-301 was light and rapid-firing for its caliber.

Ho-301 40 mm cannon
A cutaway, showing the 40 mm caseless projectile.
Type	Aircraft autocannon
Place of origin	Japan
Service history
Used by	Japan
Wars	Second World War
Specifications
Mass	49 kg (108 lb)
Length	1,486 mm (58.5 in)
Barrel length	780 mm (31 in)
Cartridge	40 mm caseless (590g)
Caliber	40 mm (1.57 in)
Action	API blowback
Rate of fire	475 rounds/min
Muzzle velocity	245 m/s (805 ft/s)
Effective firing range	150 meters (490 ft)
Feed system	10 round box

The caseless design revolved around a specially designed projectile, that was in effect a small rocket. The round used an internal propellant chamber at the rear of the projectile containing a ten gram silk bag filled with smokeless powder. Drilled into the base plate of the round are twelve 3.8 millimeter diameter exhaust holes. The propellant chamber is sealed by a thin aluminum sealing cup, which covers the exhaust holes. When the primer is struck, the bag of propellant ignites, and the pressure rises until the aluminum cup bursts, allowing the exhaust gas to rush through the exhaust holes pushing the projectile forward. The propellant was exhausted before the projectile left the barrel.

Because of the low muzzle velocity (245 meters/second or about 804 ft/sec - equivalent to a moderately powerful air rifle)[1] the weapon was only suited to attacking bombers; even here the extremely low muzzle velocity made it difficult to achieve hits from any position besides directly astern the target aircraft and well within the range of defensive counterfire.

The modern Russian VOG grenades fired by the GP-25 grenade-launcher use a similar principle.