Hugh M. Hefner First Amendment Award

• Nat Hentoff – Book Publishing
• Erwin Knoll and Howard Morland – Journalism
• Saul Landau and Jack Willis – Journalism
• David Goldberger – Law
• Louis Clark – Government
• Carey McWilliams – Lifetime Achievement

The judges were Tom Bradley, Mayor of Los Angeles; Jules Feiffer, playwright and social cartoonist; Fay Kanin, president, The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences; Victor Navasky, editor, The Nation; and Tom Wicker, columnist and associate editor, The New York Times.

• Frank Rowe – Book Publishing
• Todd Crowder, Charles Reineke and William Hoffmann Jr. – Journalism
• Edward Asner, Allan Burns, Seth Freeman, and Gene Reynolds – Arts and Entertainment
• William Schannen III – Law
• Morton Halperin – Government
• Kathy Russell – Education
• Stanley Fleishman – Lifetime Achievement

The judges were Edward Brooke, US Senator, Massachusetts; Nat Hentoff, author and columnist, The Village Voice; Fay Kanin, president, The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences; Judith Krug, director, The American Library Association; and Charles Nesson, Dean, Harvard Law School.

• Franklyn S. Haiman – Book Publishing
• Gene D. Lanier – Education
• Billie Pirner Garde – Government
• Frank Snepp – Individual Conscience
• Steven Pico – Law
• Robert Berger, Herbert Brodkin, Ernest Kinoy and Herbert Wise – Arts and Entertainment
• Melody Sands – Journalism
• Frank J. Donner – Lifetime Achievement

The judges were Yvonne Braithwaite Burke, partner, Kutak, Rode & Huie; Hamilton Fish III, Publisher, The Nation; Florence McMullin, Chair, The Washington Library Association Intellectual Freedom Committee; and Aryeh Neier, Professor of Law, New York University.

• Tom Gish and Pat Gish – Outstanding Community Leadership
• Mark Lynch – Outstanding National Leadership
• Osmond K. Fraenkel – Lifetime Achievement

The judges were Harriet Pilpel, attorney, Weil, Gotshal & Manges; Studs Terkel, author and nationally syndicated radio show host; and William Worthy, international journalist and civil liberties activist.

• Helen Troy and Forest Troy – Outstanding Community Leadership
• Agnus Mackenzie – Outstanding National Leadership
• Frank Wilkinson – Lifetime Achievement

The judges were Martin Agronsky, Agronsky and Company; Alan Dershowitz, professor, Harvard Law School; and Liza Pike, Program Director, Center for Investigative Reporting.

• Clifford McKenzie – Government
• Jack C. Landau – Education
• Ronnie Dugger – Journalism

The judges were Burton Joseph, attorney, Barsy, Joseph & Lichtenstein; Harriet Pilpel, attorney, Weil, Gotshal & Manges; and Melody Sands, former owner of The Athens News.

• Barry Lynn – Government
• Glenna Nowell – Education
• Walter Karp – Book Publishing
• Charles Levendosky – Journalism
• William A. Bradford, Jr., Ricki Seidman, and Mary Weidler – Law

The judges were Julius L. Chambers, president, NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund; Maxwell Lillienstein, General Counsel, American Booksellers Association; and Anthony Podesta, founding president, People for the American Way.

• Jamie Kalven – Book Publishing
• Herbert Foerstel – Education
• Rex Armstrong – Law
• Eric Robert Glitzenstein – Government
• David Arnett – Journalism[1]
• Roy Woodruff – Individual Conscience

The judges were Charlayne Hunter-Gault, New York correspondent, The MacNeil / Lehrer NewsHour; Anthony Lewis, syndicated columnist, The New York Times; Steven Pico, First Amendment lecturer and advocate; and Tom Wicker, political columnist, The New York Times.

• Eve Pell – Journalism
• James A. Haught – Journalism
• Thomas Michael Devine – Government
• Joann Bell – Law
• John Henry Faulk – Individual Conscience
• Louis Ingelhart – Education
• Anthony Lewis – Lifetime Achievement

The judges were Judith Krug, director, the American Library Association for Intellectual Freedom; Jack K. Landau, attorney an columnist, Newhouse Newspapers; Clarence Page, Pulitzer Prize-winning columnist, Chicago Tribune; and Harriet Pilpel, attorney, Weil, Gotshal & Manges.

• Paul Conrad – Journalism
• Marilyn Athmann – Education
• Danny Goldberg – Arts and Entertainment
• Hans A. Linde – Law
• Dennis Barrie – Individual Conscience
• Studs Terkel – Lifetime Achievement

The judges were Herbert N. Foerstel, Head of Branch Libraries, University of Maryland; Robert Scheer, national correspondent, Los Angeles Times; and Maxine Waters, US Representative, California.

• Allan Adler – Book Publishing
• Inez Austin – Individual Conscience
• Traci Bauer – Law
• James Dana – Education
• Bella Lewitzky – Arts and Entertainment
• Debbie Nathan – Journalism
• Sydney Schanberg – Government

The judges were Arthur Kropp, president, People for the American Way; Barry Lynn, Co-host, Battleline news radio talk show; Eve Pell, investigative journalist, Freedom of Information Project; and Tom Wicker, political columnist, The New York Times.

• Jules Feiffer – Individual Conscience
• Bruce Rogow – Law
• Natalie Robins – Book Publishing
• Carl Jensen – Education
• Dannie Martin – Journalism
• Peter Sussman – Journalism

The judges were Dennis Barrie, executive director, Contemporary Arts Center of Cincinnati; Norman Dorsen, Stokes Professor of Law, New York University Law School; Mark Goodman, executive director, Student Press Law Center; Barbara Kopple, documentary filmmaker; and Reginald Stuart, Assistant News Editor, Knight-Ridder Newspapers.

• Anthony Griffin – Law
• Robert Landauer – Print Journalism
• Jeff Cohen and Norman Solomon – Book Publishing
• Carole Marlowe – Education
• Jim Warren – Government
• Jean Otto – Lifetime Achievement

The judges were Rex Armstrong, Attorney and Volunteer Counsel, ACLU of Oregon; Jessica Mitford, author and social activist; and Carl Jensen, Founder, Project Censored.

• Jeffrey DeBonis – Government
• Joycelyn Chadwick-Joshua – Education
• Seth Rosenfeld – Print Journalism
• Mary Morello – Arts and Entertainment
• Tom Hull – Law
• Morton Mintz – Lifetime Achievement

The judges were Chris Finan, executive director, The Media Coalition; Marjorie Heins, Director an Staff Counsel, ACLU Arts Censorship Project; and Sydney Schanberg, journalist.

• Dr. Frederic Whitehurst – Government
• Kelli Peterson – Individual Conscience
• Katharine Swan – Journalism
• Cecile Richards – Education
• American Civil Liberties Union – Law
• American Library Association – Law

The judges were Anthony Griffin, attorney; Bobby Handman, president, People for the American Way; and Burton Joseph, attorney, Barsy, Joseph & Lichtenstein.

• Lee Brawner – Education
• Tisha Byars – Individual Conscience
• Goodloe Sutton and Jean Sutton – Journalism

The judges were Nadine Strossen, president, ACLU; Peter S. Prichard, president, Freedom Forum; and Ann K. Symons, president, American Library Association.

• Michael Moore – Arts and Entertainment
• Eugenie C. Scott – Education
• Nicholas Becker – Individual Conscience
• Jeri McGiverin & Elaine Williamson – Law
• Donald Parker – Lifetime Achievement
• Bruce Sanford – Book Publishing

The judges were Mark Goodman, executive director, Student Press Law Center; Molly Ivins, author and columnist, Creators Syndicate; Barbara Kopple, filmmaker; and Clarence Page, columnist, Chicago Tribune.

• Michael Kent Curtis – Book Publishing
• Mary Dana – Education
• Nancy Zennie – Education
• William M. Lawbaugh – Print Journalism
• James Wheaton – Law
• John Seigenthaler - Lifetime Achievement
• Penn & Teller – Arts and Entertainment

The judges were Floyd Abrams, partner, Cahill Gordon & Reindel; Lucy Dalglish; executive director, Reporters Committee for Freedom of the Press; Robert M. O'Neil, director, Thomas Jefferson Center for the Protection of Free Expression; and Nadine Strossen, president, ACLU.

• Trina Magi and Linda Ramsdell – Education
• Ronald K. L. Collins and David Michael Skover – Book Publishing
• David Cole – Book Publishing
• Nate Blakeslee – Law
• Steven Aftergood – Government
• Talia Buford – Print Journalism
• Bill Maher – Arts and Entertainment
• Molly Ivins – Lifetime Achievement

The judges were Margaret Carlson, CNN's The Capital Gang and Time Magazine columnist; Ann Richards, former governor of Texas; and John Seigenthaler, Founder, First Amendment Center.

• Paisley Dodds – Print Journalism
• Patricia Princehouse – Education
• Geoffrey R. Stone – Book Publishing
• Jack Spadaro – Government
• Shelby Knox, Marion Lipschutz, and Rose Rosenblatt – Arts and Entertainment
• Rhett Jackson – Lifetime Achievement

The judges were Katrina vanden Heuvel, editor and publisher, The Nation; Anthony D. Romero, executive director, American Civil Liberties Union; and Eugenie Scott, executive director, National Center for Science Education.

• Greg Lukianoff – Freedom of Expression
• Heather Gillman – Law
• Mark Klein – Government

The judges were Nadine Strossen, president, American Civil Liberties Union and professor of law, New York Law School; Geoffrey Stone, Edward H. Levi Distinguished Service Professor at University of Chicago Law School; and David Rubin, professor and former dean, S.I. Newhouse School of Public Communications, Syracuse University.

• Rebecca MacKinnon – Book Publishing
• Pablo Alvarado – Law
• Thomas Drake – Government
• Jesselyn Radack – Government
• Zack Kopplin – Education
• Stanley K. Sheinbaum – Lifetime Achievement

The judges were Hector Villagra; Patricia Schroeder; Robert Scheer; and Norman Lear.

• Morris Davis – Government[2]
• Jessica Ahlquist – Education[2]
• Norman Lear – Lifetime Achievement[2]
• Marjorie Heins for her book Priests of Our Democracy: The Supreme Court, Academic Freedom, and the Anti-Communist Purge.[2][3][4][5]

The judges were Henry Weinstein from the University of California, Ramona Ripston and Dr. Charles C. Haynes, Director of the Religious Freedom Education Project.

• Muneer Awad – Government
• Glenn Greenwald – Journalism
• Norman Dorsen – Lifetime Achievement
• Thomas Healy – Book Publishing
• Michael Hiestand and Mary Beth Tinker – For organizing the Tinker Tour
• Chris Finan – Law

The judges were Margaret Carlson, Laura W. Murphy Director if the ACLU's Washington Legislative Office, and Joan E. Bertin Executive Director of National Coalition Against Censorship.

• Steve Listopad – Education
• Malkia Cyril – Government
• Zephyr Teachout – Book Publishing
• James Risen – Print Journalism
• Victor Navasky – Lifetime Achievement

• Burt Neuborne – Lifetime Achievement
• Hasan Elahi – Arts & Entertainment
• Timothy Garton Ash – Book Publishing
• Jenni Monet – Print Journalism

The judges were Erwin Chemerinsky, Dean and Professor of Law, University of California Berkeley School of Law; Lara Bergthold, Principal Partner at RALLY; and Davan Maharaj, editor-in-chief and Publisher of the Los Angeles Times Media Group.

• Joan E. Bertin – Lifetime Achievement
• Simon Tam – Arts & Entertainment
• Laura Kipnis – Book Publishing
• Allison Stranger – Education
• Jamie Kalevn – Journalism

The judges were Michael A. Bamberger, Author and Senior Counsel at Dentons; Shelby Coffey III, Journalist; and Zephyr Teachout, Political Activist and Professor at Fordham University School of Law.[6]

• Floyd Abrams – Lifetime Achievement
• Christian Bales – Education
• Theodore J. Boutrous – Law
• Grace Marion – Journalism
• George Luber – Government
• Greg Lukianoff, Jonathan Haidt – Book Publishing

The judges were Karen Tumulty, Columnist and Correspondent; Neal Katyal Professor of Law and former Acting Solicitor General of the United States; and Michael B. Keegan, president of People for the American Way and People for the American Way Foundation.[7]

• Ira Glasser – Lifetime Achievement
• Michael Frazier – Education
• David E. McCraw – Law
• Omar Jimenez – Journalism
• Andrea L. Dennis and Erik Nielson – Book Publishing
• Christina Clusiau and Shaul Schwarz – Arts & Entertainment

The judges were Ted Boutros, partner at Gibson, Dunn & Crutcher LLP, and global co-chair of the firm's Litigation Group; and Kyle Pope, editor-in-chief and publisher of the Columbia Journalism Review.

• Michael Bamberger – Lifetime Achievement
• Dawn Wooten – Government
• Joslyn Diffenbaugh – Education
• Amy Sohn – Book Publishing
• Manuel Duran – Journalism

The judges were Allison Stanger, Russell Leng ’60 Professor of International Politics and Economics at Middlebury College; Julia B. Chan, editor-in-chief of The 19th, an independent, nonprofit newsroom; and Will Creeley, Legal Director of the Foundation for Individual Rights in Education (FIRE).