Hull City A.F.C.

Hull City Association Football Club was founded in June 1904.[6][7] Previous attempts to found an association football club in Kingston upon Hull had proved difficult due to the popularity of rugby league in the city. By 1904, both Hull F.C. and Hull K.R. were already well-established sides with passionate local backing. The desire for a third team to represent the city in competitive sport was not particularly present at the time, but support would soon grow.[6] The club faced some initial disruptions after foundation, as they had been unable to apply for membership of the Football League for the 1904–05 season and instead played only in friendlies.[8] The first of these matches was a 2–2 draw with Notts County on 1 September 1904 with a strong crowd of 6,000 in attendance. These early matches were played at Hull F.C.'s home, the Boulevard.[3] The club's first competitive football match was in the FA Cup preliminary round, drawing 3–3 with Stockton on 17 September, but they were eliminated after losing the replay 4–1 on 22 September.[9]

After disputes with landlords at the Boulevard, Hull City temporarily moved to the Circle, a cricket ground in West Park.[6] After having played 44 friendly fixtures the previous season, Hull City were finally admitted into the Football League Second Division for the 1905–06 season.[10] Other teams competing in the league that season included the likes of Manchester United and Chelsea, as well as Yorkshire rivals Barnsley, Bradford City and Leeds City.[9] Furthermore, Grimsby Town, from the southern bank of the Humber Estuary in Lincolnshire, were also in the Second Division. Interestingly, Hull and Grimsby were the only two professional teams who were granted official exemption from playing league football on Christmas Day because of the demands of the fish trade.[11] Hull defeated Barnsley 4–1 at home in their first game[9] and ended the season with a solid 5th-placed finish.[10]

In March 1906, a permanent home ground was opened for Hull City just across the road from the cricket ground, known as Anlaby Road. It would house the team until 1939. Under the guidance of player-manager Ambrose Langley, Hull continued to finish consistently in the top-half of the table. They came agonisingly close to promotion in the 1909–10 season, recording what would be the club's highest-ever league finish for nearly a century. Hull had ended the season level on points with Oldham Athletic, but finished below the Latics due to goal average, where a narrow margin of 0.29 of a goal had meant the Tigers missed out on promotion.[10]

Hull would continue to regularly finish in the top-half of the table prior to the suspension of English football during the First World War, but their momentum had gone after its restart in 1919. The Tigers began to struggle and suffered finishes in the bottom-half of the table in seven seasons out of the next eleven. This culminated in relegation to the Third Division North following the 1929–30 season.[10] Despite the league campaign ending in relegation, Hull found much better luck in the FA Cup. Prior to 2014, Hull's greatest result in any cup competition was achieved in the 1929–30 FA Cup.[12] The Tigers began with victories over the eventual champions of the Third Division, Plymouth Argyle and the eventual champions of the Second Division, Blackpool. They then overcame Manchester City to meet Newcastle United in the quarter-finals. The first game at St James' Park finished as a 1–1 draw, but in the home replay Hull beat Newcastle 1–0. This meant Hull would reach the semi-finals, where they would face Arsenal at the neutral venue of Elland Road in Leeds. The game ended 2–2 and so was replayed at Villa Park in Birmingham four days later. Arsenal ran out 1–0 winners, ending the cup run.[10]

Hull City squad in 1936

Hull would eventually be promoted back to the Second Division after they won their first-ever league title in the 1932–33 season. Managed by Haydn Green, they had finished above 2nd-placed Wrexham by just 2 points, mainly due to the goals of Bill McNaughton who was the league's top-scorer that season with 39 goals.

After the Second World War, the club moved to another new ground, Boothferry Park.[13] In the 1948–49 season, under the tutilage of former England international and now player-manager Raich Carter, Hull won promotion from the Third Division North as champions.[10] "Yo-yoing" between the second and third tiers of English football, City had promotion seasons from the Third Division to the Second Division again in 1958–59 and 1965–66, winning the Third Division title in the latter-season.[14][15] For the majority of the 1960s, Hull was managed by Cliff Britton, who has since achieved cult-status with supporters of the club for the successes he achieved, especially the Third Division title win in 1966. The side that year featured record club appearance-maker Jock Davidson and record club goal-scorer Chris Chilton as well as striker Ken Houghton and a young Ken Wagstaff, among others. It is widely regarded as one of the best squads the club has ever had.

On 1 August 1970, Hull achieved the unique feat of becoming the first team in the world to go out of a cup competition on penalties, beaten by Manchester United in the semi-final of the Watney Cup.[16]

By the early 1980s, Hull City were in the Fourth Division, and financial collapse led to receivership. Don Robinson took over as chairman and appointed Colin Appleton as the new manager. Both had previously held the equivalent roles with non-league Scarborough. Promotion to the Third Division followed in 1983, with a young team featuring the likes of future England international Brian Marwood, future England manager Steve McClaren, forwards Billy Whitehurst and Les Mutrie and Hull-born future captain and club legend, Garreth Roberts.

In February 1983, City fans Henry Priestman as Harry Amber and Mark Herman as Mark Black worked together as Amber and Black to release the song "The Tigers are Back" with backing vocals provided by members of the City squad. This was done to help raise funds in order to pay the players wages, as the effects of the previous seasons money struggles were still visible. Herman reworded the song "Out of Luck" by Priestman's previous band Yachts, to get the lyrics. The record sleeves and records contained the made up record label logo Don Records in tribute to Don Robinson, and the made up issue number COL001 in tribute to Colin Appleton.[17]

After narrowly missing out on back-to-back promotions in May 1984, Appleton left his position at Hull having been enticed to become the new manager of Swansea City. His replacement was player-manager Brian Horton who would first join the Tigers on their summer tour of Florida the following month, where they visited Walt Disney World, and played the Tampa Bay Rowdies, managed by Rodney Marsh, in the return leg of the Arrow Air Anglo-American Cup.[17] Mark Herman would direct and edit a short documentary film of the tour, with Priestman composing its music. Herman released the finished version online in 2016, titled "A Kick in the Grass".[18] Promotion followed in the 1984–85 season under Horton, with the young City squad now not only talented but experienced too.

Hull remained in the Second Division for the next six years before suffering relegation in 1991, by which time the club's manager was Terry Dolan. The Tigers finished 14th in the Third Division in the 1991–92 season, meaning that they would be competing in the new Second Division the following season.[10] In their first season in the rebranded division, Hull narrowly avoided another relegation, but the board kept faith in Dolan and over the next two seasons they achieved mid-table finishes. Financial difficulties hampered City's progress, as key players such as Alan Fettis and Dean Windass had to be sold to fend off winding-up orders.[19] In the 1995–96 season Hull were relegated to the Third Division.[3][20]

Boothferry Park in March 2008

In 1997 the club was purchased by former tennis player David Lloyd, who sacked Dolan as manager and replaced him with Mark Hateley after Hull could only finish in 17th place in the table.[10][21] Hull's league form was steadily deteriorating to the point that relegation to the Football Conference was looking a real possibility. Lloyd sold the club in November 1998 to a South Yorkshire-based consortium, but retained ownership of Boothferry Park.[21] Hateley departed in November 1998, with the club at the foot of the table. He was replaced by 34-year-old veteran player Warren Joyce, who steered the club to safety with games to spare. Hull City fans refer to this season as "The Great Escape".[22] Despite this feat, Joyce was replaced in April 2000 by the more experienced Brian Little.[3]

Despite briefly being locked out of Boothferry Park by bailiffs and facing the possibility of liquidation,[19] Hull qualified for the Third Division play-offs in the 2000–01 season, losing in the semi-finals to Leyton Orient.[10] A boardroom takeover by former Leeds United commercial director Adam Pearson had eased the club's precarious financial situation and all fears of closure were banished.[3]

The new chairman funded the club, allowing Little to rebuild the team. Hull occupied the Third Division promotion and play-off places for much of the 2001–02 season, but Little departed two months before the end of the season and Hull slipped to 11th place under his successor Jan Mølby, incidentally the club's first non-British or Irish manager.[3]

Chart showing the progress of Hull City's league finishes since the 1905–06 season

Hull began the 2002–03 season with a number of defeats, which saw relegation look more likely than promotion, and Mølby was sacked in October as Hull languished in 19th. Peter Taylor was named as Hull's new manager and in December 2002, just two months after his appointment, Hull relocated to the new KC Stadium after 56 years at Boothferry Park.[3] At the end of the season Hull finished 13th.[10]

Hull were Third Division runners-up in 2003–04 and League One runners-up in 2004–05. These back-to-back promotions took City into the Championship, the second tier of English football.[10] The 2005–06 season, the club's first back in the second tier, saw Hull finish in 18th place, 10 points clear of relegation and their highest league finish for 16 years.[3][10]

However, Taylor left the club to take up the manager's job at Crystal Palace and Colchester United's Phil Parkinson was confirmed as his replacement, but was sacked on 4 December 2006 with Hull in the relegation zone, despite having spent over £2 million on players during the summer.[3][23] Phil Brown took over as caretaker manager,[23] and took over permanently in January 2007, having taken Hull out of the relegation zone.[24] Brown brought veteran striker Dean Windass back to his hometown club on loan from Bradford City,[25] and his eight goals helped secure Hull's Championship status with a 21st-placed finish.[26]

Wembley Stadium before the Championship play-off final against Bristol City

Adam Pearson sold the club to a consortium led by Paul Duffen in June 2007, stating that he "had taken the club as far as I could", and would have to relinquish control in order to attract "really significant finance into the club".[27] Under Paul Duffen and manager Phil Brown, Hull City improved greatly on their relegation battle of 2006–07 and qualified for the play-offs after finishing the season in third. They beat Watford 6–1 on aggregate in the semi-finals and played Bristol City in the final on 24 May 2008.[28] Hull won 1–0 at Wembley Stadium, with Hull-born club hero Dean Windass scoring the winning goal.[29] Their ascent from the bottom division of the Football League to the top division of English football in just five seasons is the third-fastest ever.[30]

On 1 January 2008, midway through Hull City's promotion season, Amber and Black (now stylised as Amber & Black), released the song "The City's on Fire" on Myspace.[31][32][33] It was their first Hull City song since 1983.[31][32] It was later re-released just before 2014 FA Cup final.[17][34]

Phil Brown and players celebrate on promotion to the Premier League in 2008

Despite being a firm candidate for relegation ahead of the 2008–09 season, Hull began life in the Premier League by beating Fulham 2–1 on the opening day in their first-ever top-flight fixture. Having gone 1–0 down inside 10 minutes, Geovanni scored Hull's first-ever top-flight goal from outside the box to equalise. Caleb Folan then won the match late on after Craig Fagan capitalised on a defensive mishap by Paul Konchesky.[35] With only one defeat in their opening nine games, including away wins at Arsenal and Tottenham Hotspur, the Tigers temporarily found themselves joint-top of the Premier League table on points (albeit sat in 3rd place due to goal difference) following a 3–0 victory over West Bromwich Albion.[36] Hull's form never replicated the highs of the early autumn, as they only won two more games over the remainder of the campaign,[37] but secured their top-flight status on the last day of the season due to other results going in their favour.

On 29 October 2009, chairman Paul Duffen resigned his position with the club, and was replaced by former chairman Adam Pearson on 2 November 2009.[38][39] On 15 March 2010, manager Phil Brown was put on gardening leave after a run of four defeats left Hull in the relegation zone.[40] Brown's replacement was former Crystal Palace and Charlton boss Iain Dowie, and the appointment was met with some disbelief by supporters who were hoping for a "bigger name" replacement. Hull City's relegation from the Premier League was confirmed on 3 May 2010, after a 2–2 draw at Wigan Athletic.[41] Both Brown and Dowie had their contracts terminated,[42][43] and Leicester City's Nigel Pearson was confirmed as the new manager.[44][45]

A reported block on player transfers into the club, set in place by the Hull City board on 28 July 2010 until transfers out would substantially reduce the £39 million-per-year wage bill, cast doubt on the new manager's efforts to build a squad capable of a quick return to the Premier League. Nevertheless, Pearson brought several transfers and loan signings into the club in his bid to strengthen the squad for the season's campaign.[46][47] On 16 December 2010, it was confirmed that Assem Allam had become the new owner of Hull City, having promised to pay back club debts and eliminate any possibility of financial ruin.[48] This allowed the team to spend more money in the following January window, bringing in several new transfers and short-term loans, including the notable arrival of Matty Fryatt from Leicester City for £1.2 million.[49] The newly-revitalised team set a new club record on 12 March 2011 with 14 away matches unbeaten, breaking a previous record held for over 50 years.[50] This 17-match streak was finally broken by Bristol City on the last day of the 2010–11 season, with Hull losing the match 3–0.[51]

On 15 November 2011, Nigel Pearson left the club to return to Leicester.[52] Hull-born club hero Nick Barmby was appointed as his successor, initially as a temporary player-manager but later as the full-time head coach after retiring from professional football in January 2012.[53] Barmby was later sacked in May 2012 after publicly criticising the club's owners in an interview given to a local newspaper.[54] In the same month, the club's consultancy agreement with Adam Pearson was terminated.[55] On 8 June 2012, Steve Bruce was appointed manager of Hull City on a three-year deal,[56] an appointment which would prove pivotal for the club's history. To begin, Bruce guided Hull back to the Premier League in his first campaign as manager, the 2012–13 season. This was achieved in dramatic fashion, by drawing with league champions Cardiff City on the now-infamous final day and requiring a late Leeds United goal to fend off Watford from 2nd place.[57][58]

Hull City supporters prior to the 2014 FA Cup Final against Arsenal

The following season, on 13 April 2014, the club reached its first FA Cup Final after defeating Sheffield United 5–3 in the semi-final at Wembley Stadium.[59] Their place in the 2014–15 UEFA Europa League, regardless of whether they won the 2013–14 FA Cup, was confirmed on 3 May as Everton's failure to win meant that Hull's FA Cup Final opponents Arsenal would compete in the 2014–15 UEFA Champions League, leaving Hull to enter into the Europa League third qualifying round, in their first-ever European campaign. The FA Cup final on 17 May 2014 saw Hull go 2–0 up within the first ten minutes, thanks to goals from centre-backs James Chester and Curtis Davies, before eventually losing 3–2 after extra time.[60]

On 31 July 2014, Hull made their debut in European competition, in the UEFA Europa League third qualifying round, with a 0–0 draw against Slovakian side FK AS Trenčín[61] before winning the second leg 2–1 a week later.[62] An error from keeper Allan McGregor meant Hull lost 1–0 away to Belgian outfit KSC Lokeren in the first leg of their play-off tie on 21 August 2014.[63] Hull did manage to achieve a 2–1 victory in the second leg at home, but the away goals rule meant the Tigers lost the tie, marking the end of their first foray into European football.[64]

In March 2015, Steve Bruce signed a further three-year deal with the club.[65][66] Hull were relegated from the Premier League after the 2014–15 season, finishing 18th with 35 points. Relegation had been confirmed after Hull drew 0–0 at home to Manchester United and fellow relegation-candidates Newcastle United beat West Ham United 2–0 to survive the drop.[67] On 27 October 2015, Hull beat eventual Premier League champions Leicester City in a penalty-shootout to take them through to their first-ever quarter-final appearance in the Football League Cup.[68][69] Later that season, the Tigers reached the Championship play-offs where they beat Derby County 3–2 on aggregate in the semi-finals to advance to the final, where they faced Sheffield Wednesday on 28 May 2016. Hull secured an immediate return to the Premier League by winning 1–0 in the final after Mohamed Diamé scored in the second-half with a long-ranged effort.[70]

On 22 July 2016, Bruce resigned from his position as manager due to an alleged rift with the club's owners and Mike Phelan was appointed caretaker manager.[71] Steve Bruce's four-year tenure as Hull City manager is one of the most successful in the Tigers’ history, as his team achieved two promotions to the Premier League, including the club's highest-ever league finish, as well as an FA Cup final and European football. By the summer of 2016, supporters had been frustrated with several aspects of the Allam family's ownership of the club prior to this point (mainly the failed suggestion for the club to be rebranded as Hull Tigers), but the fall-out after Bruce's resignation alongside no new signings made since promotion had sharpened the idea of the club being sold. Attendances at home games dropped in protest of the Allams' ownership, but on-pitch results were surprisingly good considering the club's uncomfortable situation. This was highlighted by an infamous opening day 2–1 win at home to Leicester City, the reigning Premier League champions at the time.[72] Although good results continued until September, Hull's form quickly dipped. Despite this, on 13 October 2016, Phelan became Hull's permanent head coach but he was sacked just 3 months later on 3 January 2017 after very little improvement.[73][74] Marco Silva was appointed as his replacement two days later but he could not prevent relegation at the end of the season.[75]

Following relegation Silva resigned, and on 9 June 2017, the club announced the appointment of Leonid Slutsky as the new head coach. However, after a poor run of results Slutsky left by mutual consent in December 2017.[76][77] He was replaced by former-Southampton boss Nigel Adkins who led the team to avoid relegation and finish 18th at the end of the season.[78] The following season, despite being in the relegation zone after 19 games, an upturn in form saw the Tigers finish in 13th place. However, Adkins resigned at the end of the season after rejecting a new contract.[79] On 21 June 2019, Grant McCann was appointed as head coach on a one-year rolling contract.[80] In a season delayed due to the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom, the Tigers started well but lost 16 of their last 20 games, a run that included Hull's joint-worst league defeat ever, when they lost 8–0 away at Wigan Athletic.[81][82] On 22 July 2020, after a 3–0 away loss to Cardiff City, Hull were relegated to League One.[83] It would be the first time the club had played in the third tier of English football in fifteen years.[84]

Despite relegation, McCann continued as head coach for the 2020–21 season. This decision would prove successful as on 24 April 2021, Hull were promoted back to the Championship at the first time of asking after a 2–1 victory away at Lincoln City.[85] A week later, on the final day of the campaign, a 3–1 win at home to Wigan Athletic saw the Tigers crowned League One Champions. It was only the fourth-ever league title that the club has won, and the most recent since the victorious 1965–66 Third Division campaign, 55 years prior.[86]

On 19 January 2022, after months of negotiations and speculation, Turkish media mogul Acun Ilıcalı and his company Acun Medya, completed a takeover of the club, ending the club's controversial 11-year ownership under the Allam family. The club sat 19th in the Championship at the time that the takeover was announced.[87] On 25 January 2022, manager Grant McCann and his assistant Cliff Byrne left the club.[88] On 27 January 2022, Shota Arveladze was announced as the new head coach.[89] Hull achieved Championship survival in the 2021–22 season with a 19th-placed finish.[90] On 30 September 2022, Arveladze was sacked after a run of four league defeats and Andy Dawson was appointed as interim head coach.[91] On 3 November 2022, the club announced former player, Liam Rosenior, as the new head coach on a two-and-a-half-year deal.[92] Having strengthened both the team's defensive record and the team's away record since his arrival, Rosenior managed to guide Hull to a comfortable 15th-placed finish by the end of the 2022–23 season.[93]

Club crest 1979 – 1998

Club crest 1998 – 2014

Club crest 2014 – 2019

For most of the club's history, Hull have worn black and amber shirts with black shorts. These black and amber colours are where Hull's nickname, The Tigers, originated from.[3] However, in the club's first match against Notts County in 1904, white shirts were worn, with black shorts and black socks. During their first season in the League, Hull wore black and amber striped shirts and black shorts, which they continued to wear until the Second World War with the exception of the 1935–36 season, in which they wore bright blue shirts.[8]

Following the end of the Second World War, Hull wore sky blue home shirts for the 1946–47 season, but changed to plain amber shirts, which they wore until the early 1960s, when they swapped back to stripes. During the mid-1970s, and early 1980s, the strip was constantly changing between the two versions of plain shirts and stripes. During the late 1980s, red was added to the kits but its duration went no further than this. The early 1990s featured two distinctive "tiger skin" designs, which have since featured in several articles listing the "worst ever" football kits.[8]

The 1998–99 season introduced a kit with cross-fading amber and white stripes, another experiment that proved unpopular. After the start of the 21st century, the club wore plain amber shirts until 2004, when the club celebrated its centenary by wearing a kit similar to the design of the one worn 100 years ago.[8]

In 1935, Hull City's introduced its first-ever shirt crest, which mirrored the familiar three crowns civic emblem of Kingston upon Hull. This was displayed on the bright blue shirts worn in the 1935–36 season. Following that season, the team went without a crest until 1947, when a tiger's head in an amber shield was used. In 1957, it changed again, this time to just the tiger's head. This was worn for another three years, until the shirt returned to having no crest. Then, in 1971, the club brought back the tiger's head on the shirt, which was used for four years.[8]

In 1975, the tiger's head was granted as a heraldic badge by the College of Arms to the English Football League for use by Hull City, blazoned as a "Bengal tiger's head erased proper".[94] Subsequently, the club's initials of HCAFC were shown for four years on the shirt. After this, a crest with the tiger's head with the club's name underneath was used from 1979 until 1998. The next crest, which was in use throughout Hull's historic rise from the fourth tier, features the tiger's head in an amber shield with the club's name, along with the club's nickname, The Tigers.[8]

The club would change their crest again in June 2014, but this version was not well-liked among supporters and so from the close of the 2017–18 season a supporter-led process of redesigning the club crest took place. The new crest was to be used from the start of the 2019–20 season, being revealed in February 2019. This would be similar to the previous design but with the return of the club name at the top and a different shaped shield.[95]

The MKM Stadium

Between 1904 and 1905, Hull City played their home games at the Boulevard.[3] This ground was used by Hull on a contract which allowed them to use it when not used for Rugby League, at a cost of £100 per annum.[105] Hull built their own ground, Anlaby Road, which was opened in 1906.[106] With the threat of the rerouting of the railway line through the Anlaby Road ground, the club was convinced it needed to secure its future by owning its own ground.[13] They negotiated the deal for land between Boothferry Road and North Road in 1929, which was financed by a £3,000 loan from the FA.[107] Due to the club's financial difficulties, no work took place for three years, and development then stopped until 1939. In that year a proposal to build a new multi-purpose sports stadium on the site temporarily halted the club's plans to relocate, but when this plan failed the club resolved to continue with the stalled development of the site, in anticipation of moving to the new stadium in 1940. The outbreak of war, however, meant that the redevelopment again came to a halt, as the site was taken over by the Home Guard.[13]

During the Second World War, Anlaby Road was damaged by enemy bombing, the repair cost of which was in the region of £1,000. The Cricket Club served notice to quit at the same time, and so in 1943 the tenancy was officially ended.[106] Hull were forced to return to the Boulevard Ground from 1944 until 1945 because of the poor condition of the planned stadium at Boothferry Road.[105] The new stadium was finally opened under the revised name of Boothferry Park on 31 August 1946.[13]

Hull City moved into the newly built KC Stadium alongside Hull F.C. in 2002.[13] The KC Stadium was named "Best Ground" at the 2006 Football League Awards.[108]

Hull City supporters at the celebrations on the team's promotion to the Premier League in 2008

Hull City are one of very few clubs in English football to have no clear rival. Hull do contest the Humber Derby with both Grimsby Town and Scunthorpe United, however they are both Lincolnshire clubs and generally consider each other as their main rivals, rather than Hull.[4][5]

According to a 2003 poll, Hull fans consider their main rival to be Yorkshire neighbours Leeds United, although this appears to be one-sided as Leeds have much stronger rivalries with other clubs, including Bradford City, Huddersfield Town and Manchester United.[109]

The club also has a minor rivalry with Sheffield United.[110] This goes back to 1984 when United won promotion at Hull's expense. With the teams level on points and on goal difference, they were only separated by goals scored.[111] Interestingly, 33 of United's goals were scored by former Hull striker Keith Edwards. Hull's final game of the season against Burnley had been rescheduled due to bad weather and took place after their promotion rivals had finished their campaign. This meant Hull went into the game knowing that a three-goal victory would mean promotion, but in front of a crowd which included a number of United fans, they could manage only a 2–0 win, ensuring that United went up instead.[112][113]

Additionally, Lincoln City and non-league York City are said to consider Hull amongst their rivals.[109]

The club's main hooligan firm appears to be the Hull City Psychos, dating back to the 1960s.[114]

In August 2013, owner Assem Allam announced that the club had re-registered as "Hull City Tigers Ltd," and that the team would be marketed as "Hull City Tigers," removing the "Association Football Club" that had been part of the name since the club's formation in 1904.[115][116] Vice-chairman Ehab Allam said "AFC" would remain on the club badge for the 2013–14 season, but removed the "AFC" after.[117]

In response, a Premier League spokesman said, "We have not been informed of a change in the name of the actual club. They will still be known as Hull City as far as the Premier League is concerned when results or fixtures are published."

According to its chairman, by 2014, the club would be further renamed "Hull Tigers," because, as he claimed, "in marketing, the shorter the name the more powerful [it is],"[118] while "Association Football Club" made the name too long. Allam stated he dislikes the word "City", as it is too "common" and a "lousy identity", since it is associated also with other clubs, such as Leicester City, Bristol City and Manchester City. He told David Conn of The Guardian that "in a few years many clubs will follow and change their names to something more interesting and I will have proved I am a leader,"[118] adding that if he were the owner of Manchester City, he would change their name to "Manchester Hunter."[118]

Allam justified the intended name change as part of his plans to create "additional sources of revenue" for the club, after Hull City Council refused to sell him the stadium freehold so he could develop, as he had stated, "a sports park" on the site. The council has refused to sell in order, as they stated, "to preserve the annual Hull Fair held on the adjacent car park." After the collapse of the negotiations, Allam stated: "I had in mind £30 million to spend on the infrastructure of the club, to increase the stadium by 10,000 and to have commercial activities around the stadium — cafeterias, shops, supermarkets — to have all this to create income for the club so that in the future it can be self-financing and not relying on me." He asked rhetorically, "What if I dropped dead tomorrow?"

Supporters' groups expressed opposition to the name change. Bernard Noble, chairman of Hull City's official supporters club said he was disappointed, although he agreed that Allam had saved the club from liquidation and that it was "his club". Blogger Rick Skelton called the name change "a pointless exercise" and said, "Mr Allam's assertion that the name 'Hull City' is irrelevant and too common, is as disgusting a use of the English language as his new name for the club." Before the first home match of the season on 24 August 2013, a group of supporters marched in protest against the name change, and unfurled a banner that read, "Hull City AFC: a club not a brand".[117] Allam dismissed complaints by the fans, stating "nobody questions my decisions in my business."[119]

In a comment published on 1 December 2013 in The Independent in response to supporters' chants and banners of "City Till We Die", Allam said, "They can die as soon as they want, as long as they leave the club for the majority who just want to watch good football."[120] The supporters responded with chants of "We're Hull City, we'll die when we want" during that day's home match against Liverpool. Manager Steve Bruce credited the controversy for creating " a fantastic atmosphere" but added, "I have got to have a conversation with him because I don't think he quite understands what it means in terms of history and tradition."[121] However, Bruce also said that, because of the money Allam had invested in the club, "If he thinks Hull Tigers is his way forward then we have to respect it."[122]

On 11 December 2013, a spokesman for Hull City announced that the club had formally applied to the Football Association to have its name changed to "Hull Tigers" from the 2014–15 season onwards.[123] The FA Council, which has "absolute discretion" in deciding whether to approve the plan or not, stated the next day that it would follow a "consultation process" with stakeholders, "including the club's supporter groups."[124]

Some brand and marketing experts have come out in support of the name change. Nigel Currie, director of sports marketing agency Brand Rapport, stated that "the whole process has been conducted badly with the supporters, but [the name change] is a pretty sound idea."[125] Simon Chadwick, professor of Sport Business Strategy and Marketing at the Coventry University Business School, opined that the objective of opening up lucrative new markets for shirt sales, merchandise and broadcast deals shows commercial vision and could bring benefits, but "this needs to be backed up by a proper marketing strategy and investment." He said, "it's no use thinking changing the name or the colour of the shirt will pay instant dividends."[125] David Stern, commissioner of the National Basketball Association in the United States, warned: "I would say a wise owner [of a sports club] would view his ownership as something of a public trust, in addition to the profit motive, and you really do want to allow the fans a little bit more input than I think is being allowed, with respect to Hull."[125]

On 17 March 2014, the FA membership committee advised that the name change application be rejected at the FA Council meeting on 9 April.[126] In response, the club published a statement saying the FA was "prejudiced" and criticised the committee's consultation with the City Till We Die opposition group.[127] The following week, the club opened a ballot of season ticket holders over the name change. Opponents of the name change criticised as "loaded" the questions, which asked respondents to choose between "Yes to Hull Tigers with the Allam family continuing to lead the club", "No to Hull Tigers" and "I am not too concerned and will continue to support the club either way", on the grounds that voters were not given the option to reject the name while keeping the Allam family as owners.[128] Of 15,033 season ticket holders, 5,874 voted in all, with 2,565 voting in favour of the change and 2,517 against, while 792 chose the "not too concerned" option.[129]

On 9 April 2014, the FA Council announced its decision, carried by a 63.5% vote of its members, to reject the club's application for a name change.[130] The club responded by stating it will appeal the decision.[130] However, since there is no appeal process with the FA and its Council, the decision is final. On 11 September 2014, Allam confirmed an appeal has been submitted to the Court of Arbitration for Sport. He also held a news conference confirming the club had been put up for sale due to the English FA's decision on 9 April 2014.[131]

In October 2014, interviewed by the BBC, Allam confirmed that he would "not invest a penny more in the club" unless he is allowed to change the club's name to Hull Tigers.[132] In the same interview, Allam said, "I have never been a football fan. I am still not a football fan. I am a community fan."[132]

In March 2015, an independent panel appointed by the Court of Arbitration for Sport ruled that the decision of the Football Association Council to block the name change "cannot stand" on account of the process having been "flawed."[133]

In July 2015, the Football Supporters Federation confirmed that a 70/30 decision was made in favour of Hull City A.F.C. not changing their name after an FA vote.[134]

As of 30 September 2023.[141][142][143][144][145][146]

Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.

No. Pos. Nation Player 1 GK  ENG Matt Ingram 2 RB  ENG Lewie Coyle (captain) 3 LB  POR Rúben Vinagre (on loan from Sporting CP) 4 CB  ENG Jacob Greaves 5 CB  ENG Alfie Jones 6 CB  IRL Sean McLoughlin 7 CM  TUR Ozan Tufan 8 CM  SCO Greg Docherty 9 LW  IRN Allahyar Sayyadmanesh 10 AM  MLI Adama Traoré 11 LW  TUR Doğukan Sinik 14 AM  IRL Harry Vaughan 15 DM  ENG Tyler Morton (on loan from Liverpool) 17 GK  ENG Ryan Allsop 20 CF  ENG Liam Delap (on loan from Manchester City) 22 RW  COD Jason Lokilo 23 LW  ENG Jaden Philogene 24 CM  CIV Jean Michaël Seri 25 LB  IRL James Furlong

No. Pos. Nation Player 26 CB  ENG Andy Smith 27 CM  ENG Regan Slater 29 LB  ENG Matty Jacob 30 AM  ENG Scott Twine (on loan from Burnley) 31 RW  USA Vaughn Covil 32 GK  FRA Thimothée Lo-Tutala 33 RB  IRL Cyrus Christie 34 GK  WAL David Robson 35 DF  ENG Alfie Taylor 36 FW  ENG Jim Simms 37 MF  ENG Oliver Green 38 CF  ENG Henry Sandat 39 GK  ENG Owen Foster 40 MF  ENG Nathan Tinsdale 41 CF  ENG Tyrell Sellars-Fleming 42 CM  ENG Rocco Coyle 44 CF  IRL Aaron Connolly — LW  TUR Bora Aydınlık (on loan from Fenerbahçe S.K.)

Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.

No. Pos. Nation Player 16 RW  ENG Ryan Longman (at Millwall)[147] 18 DM  ENG Xavier Simons (at Fleetwood Town)[148] 19 CF  COL Óscar Estupiñán (at FC Metz)[149] 21 LB  ENG Brandon Fleming (at Shrewsbury Town)[150] 28 CM  WAL Callum Jones (at Forest Green Rovers)[151] 36 CF  ENG Will Jarvis (at Shelbourne)[152] 46 CM  ENG Harry Wood (at Shelbourne)[153] — GK  ENG Harvey Cartwright (at Grimsby Town)[154] — CM  PER Yuriel Celi (at Club Universitario de Deportes)[155] — DM  ENG Ryan Woods (at Bristol Rovers)[156]

Hull City Reserves play in the Reserve League East Division.[157] The team plays home fixtures at the Church Road Ground, home of North Ferriby United.[157] Hull City Juniors play in the Football League Youth Alliance, playing their home fixtures at Winterton Rangers' home stadium.[158]

Hull City Women play in the Northern Combination Women's Football League. In the 2006–07 season, the team finished seventh in the table with 33 points.[159]

As of 3 September 2023.

Below is a list of all the official captains Hull City has had since the 2002-03 season. Temporary captains are not included in the list.

Tenure Name August 2002 – January 2011 Ian Ashbee January 2011 – July 2011 Andy Dawson August 2011 – July 2013 Jack Hobbs July 2013 – May 2014 Robert Koren July 2014 – July 2015 Curtis Davies August 2015 – July 2018 Michael Dawson August 2018 – July 2019 Markus Henriksen[160] July 2019 – June 2020 Eric Lichaj[161] June 2020 – August 2020 Jordy de Wijs[162] August 2020 – June 2022 Richie Smallwood[163] July 2022 – Present Lewie Coyle[164]

Hull City have presented a Player of the Year award since the 1999–00 season, with Mark Greaves winning its inaugural edition.[165]

Michael Turner, Player of the Year in the 2007–08 and 2008–09 seasons		Jarrod Bowen, Player of the Year in the 2017–18 and 2018–19 seasons
George Honeyman, Player of the Year in the 2020–21 season		Keane Lewis-Potter, Player of the Year in the 2021–22 season

Year Winner 1999–00 Mark Greaves[165] 2000–01 Ian Goodison 2001–02 Gary Alexander 2002–03 Stuart Elliott 2003–04 Damien Delaney 2004–05 Stuart Elliott 2005–06 Boaz Myhill 2006–07 Andy Dawson 2007–08 Michael Turner 2008–09 Michael Turner 2009–10 Stephen Hunt 2010–11 Anthony Gerrard 2011–12 Robert Koren 2012–13 Ahmed Elmohamady[166] 2013–14 Curtis Davies[167] 2014–15 Michael Dawson[168] 2015–16 Abel Hernández[169] 2016–17 Sam Clucas[170] 2017–18 Jarrod Bowen[171] 2018–19 Jarrod Bowen[172] 2019–20 N/A 2020–21 George Honeyman[173] 2021–22 Keane Lewis-Potter[174] 2022–23 Alfie Jones[175]

On 18 October 2017, Hull City announced the creation of its own Hall of Fame to honour the numerous legendary figures from throughout the club's history, with the first inductees to be decided in February 2018.[176]

Ian Ashbee, Hall of Fame inductee in 2018		Dean Windass, Hall of Fame inductee in 2020		Andy Dawson, Hall of Fame inductee in 2022

Year Inductee 2018 Ian Ashbee 2018 Billy Bly 2018 Chris Chilton 2018 Jock Davidson 2018 Ken Wagstaff 2019 Peter Skipper 2020 Dean Windass[177] 2021 Garreth Roberts[178] 2022 Andy Dawson[179]

As of 24 November 2022.

As of 25 October 2023.

Only professional, competitive matches are counted.[187]

* Caretaker manager
† Temporary Football Management Consultant

Name	Nat	Managerial Tenure	G	W	D	L	Win %
James Ramster		August 1904 – April 1905	0	0	0	0	00.00
Ambrose Langley		April 1905 – April 1913	318	143	67	108	44.96
Harry Chapman		April 1913 – September 1914	45	20	10	15	44.44
Fred Stringer		September 1914 – July 1916	43	22	6	15	51.16
David Menzies		July 1916 – June 1921	90	31	27	32	34.44
Percy Lewis		July 1921 – January 1923	71	27	18	26	38.02
Billy McCracken		February 1923 – May 1931	375	134	104	137	35.73
Haydn Green		May 1931 – March 1934	123	61	24	38	49.59
Jack Hill		March 1934 – January 1936	77	24	15	38	31.16
David Menzies		February 1936 – October 1936	24	5	8	11	20.83
Ernest Blackburn		December 1936 – January 1946	117	50	31	36	42.73
Frank Buckley		May 1946 – March 1948	80	33	19	28	41.25
Raich Carter		March 1948 – September 1951	157	74	41	42	47.13
Bob Jackson		June 1952 – March 1955	123	42	26	55	34.14
Bob Brocklebank		March 1955 – May 1961	302	113	71	118	37.41
Cliff Britton		July 1961 – November 1969	406	170	101	135	41.87
Terry Neill		June 1970 – September 1974	174	61	55	58	35.05
John Kaye		September 1974 – October 1977	126	40	40	46	31.74
Bobby Collins		October 1977 – February 1978	19	4	7	8	21.05
Wilf McGuinness*		February 1978 – April 1978	9	1	4	5	11.11
Ken Houghton		April 1978 – December 1979	72	23	22	27	31.94
Mike Smith		December 1979 – March 1982	117	30	37	50	25.64
Bobby Brown		March 1982 – June 1982	19	10	4	5	52.63
Colin Appleton		June 1982 – May 1984	91	47	29	15	51.64
Brian Horton		June 1984 – April 1988	195	77	58	60	39.48
Eddie Gray		June 1988 – May 1989	51	13	14	24	25.49
Colin Appleton		May 1989 – October 1989	16	1	8	7	6.25
Stan Ternent		November 1989 – January 1991	62	19	15	28	30.64
Terry Dolan		January 1991 – July 1997	322	99	96	127	30.74
Mark Hateley		July 1997 – November 1998	76	17	14	45	22.36
Warren Joyce		November 1998 – April 2000	86	33	25	28	38.37
Billy Russell*		April 2000 – April 2000	2	0	0	2	00.00
Brian Little		April 2000 – February 2002	97	41	28	28	42.26
Billy Russell*		February 2002 – April 2002	7	1	1	5	14.29
Jan Mølby		April 2002 – October 2002	17	2	8	7	11.76
Billy Russell*		October 2002 – October 2002	1	1	0	0	100.00
Peter Taylor		October 2002 – June 2006	184	77	50	57	41.84
Phil Parkinson		June 2006 – December 2006	24	5	6	13	20.83
Phil Brown		December 2006 – June 2010	157	52	40	65	33.12
Iain Dowie†		March 2010 – June 2010	9	1	3	5	11.11
Nigel Pearson		June 2010 – November 2011	64	23	20	21	35.94
Nick Barmby		November 2011 – May 2012	33	13	8	12	39.39
Steve Bruce		June 2012 – July 2016	201	83	44	74	41.29
Mike Phelan		July 2016 – January 2017	24	7	4	13	29.17
Marco Silva		January 2017 – May 2017	22	8	3	11	36.36
Leonid Slutsky		June 2017 – December 2017	21	4	7	10	19.05
Nigel Adkins		December 2017 – June 2019	78	26	21	31	33.33
Grant McCann		June 2019 – January 2022	136	53	30	53	38.97
Shota Arveladze		January 2022 – September 2022	30	9	6	15	30.00
Andy Dawson*		September 2022 – November 2022	8	3	0	5	37.50
Liam Rosenior		November 2022 –	43	13	19	11	36.36

Season	Competition	Round	Opponent	Home	Away	Aggregate
2014–15	UEFA Europa League	3Q	FK AS Trenčín	2–1	0–0	2–1
		PO	KSC Lokeren	2–1	0–1	2–2

Notes

• 3Q: Third qualifying round
• PO: Play-off round

• Championship (level 2)
  • 2nd place promotion: 2012–13
  • Play-off winners: 2008, 2016

• Third Division North / Third Division / League One (level 3)
  • Champions: 1932–33, 1948–49, 1965–66, 2020–21[86]
  • 2nd place promotion: 1958–59, 2004–05
  • 3rd place promotion: 1984–85

• Fourth Division / League Two (level 4)
  • 2nd place promotion: 1982–83, 2003–04

• FA Cup
  • Runners-up: 2013–14

• Football League Trophy
  • Runners-up: 1983–84

• Watney Cup
  • Runners-up: 1973