Hydrogen pipeline transport

Hydrogen pipeline transport is a transportation of hydrogen through a pipe as part of the hydrogen infrastructure.

Hydrogen pipelines

History

Economics

Hydrogen pipeline transport is used to transport hydrogen from the point of production or delivery to the point of demand. Although hydrogen pipeline transport is technologically mature,[5][6] and the transport costs are similar to those of CNG,[7] most hydrogen is produced in the place of demand, with an industrial production facility every 50 to 100 miles (80 to 161 km)[8]

Piping

For process metal piping at pressures up to 7,000 psi (48 MPa), high-purity stainless steel piping with a maximum hardness of 80 HRB is preferred.[9] This is because higher hardnesses are associated with lower fracture toughness so stronger, higher hardness steel is less safe.

Composite pipes are assessed like:

Fiber-Reinforced Polymer pipelines (or FRP pipeline) and reinforced thermoplastic pipes are researched.[10][11][12][13]

Carrying hydrogen in steel pipelines (grades: API5L-X42 and X52; up to 1,000psi/7,000kPa, constant pressure/low pressure cycling) does not lead to hydrogen embrittlement.[14] Hydrogen is typically stored in steel cylinders without problems. Coal gas (also known as town gas) is 50% hydrogen and was carried in cast-iron pipes for half a century without any embrittlement issues.

Infrastructure
  • 2004 - USA - 900 mi (1,400 km) of low pressure hydrogen pipelines[15][16]
  • 2004 - Europe - 1,500 km (930 mi) of low pressure hydrogen pipelines.[17]
  • Hydrogen pipelines
    Hydrogen pipelines

See also

References
  1. "The Technological Steps of Hydrogen Introduction - pag 24" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-10-29. Retrieved 2008-08-29.
  2. "rise.org - Pipelines". Archived from the original on 2009-07-28. Retrieved 2008-08-29.
  3. 2006 - vector of clean energy - pag 15 Archived 2008-10-14 at the Wayback Machine
  4. Hydrogen Pipeline Extension Strengthens Gulf Coast Network Archived 2009-03-16 at the Wayback Machine
  5. 2005 DOE Hydrogen Pipeline Working Group Workshop Archived 2016-03-03 at the Wayback Machine
  6. Natural gas pipelines for hydrogen transportation
  7. 2006 - Compressorless Hydrogen Transmission Pipelines Deliver Large-scale Stranded Renewable Energy at Competitive Cost - 16th World Hydrogen Energy Conference, Lyon, 13–16 June 2006 Archived 2012-02-10 at the Wayback Machine
  8. Every 50 to 100 miles Archived 2007-08-20 at the Wayback Machine
  9. Idaho national Engineering Laboratory Recommendations for Piping for Gaseous Hydrogen Archived 2012-09-16 at Archive-It Accessed 2010-10-13
  10. 2007 - Fiber Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Pipelines
  11. "NEW, COMPOSITE POLYMERIC/METALLIC MATERIALS AND DESIGNS FOR HYDROGEN PIPELINES" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-10-08. Retrieved 2008-08-29.
  12. 2006 FRP Hydrogen Pipelines
  13. "Lifetime Simulation Composite & Multilayer Pipelines". Archived from the original on 2012-02-07. Retrieved 2009-11-02.
  14. "Hydrogen Pipelines Working Group Workshop - Proceedings" (PDF). USA Dept of Energy. DoE. Retrieved 20 January 2022.
  15. 2004 USA pipelines Archived 2010-05-27 at the Wayback Machine
  16. 2008 Argonne National Laboratory report
  17. "2004 EU pipelines" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2006-11-24. Retrieved 2008-01-26.
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