I Kissed a Girl

"I Kissed a Girl" is the debut single by American singer Katy Perry. It was released on April 28, 2008, by Capitol Records as the lead single from her second studio album, One of the Boys (2008). Perry co-wrote the song with Max Martin, Cathy Dennis, and its producer Dr. Luke, with additional production from Benny Blanco. "I Kissed a Girl" is a pop-rock, electropop and new wave song with elements of disco and glam rock. Perry stated its lyrics are "about the magical beauty of a woman". The song sparked controversy for its handling of bi-curious themes, but in retrospect has been credited with increasing LGBT awareness in pop music.[2]

For other uses, see I Kissed a Girl (disambiguation).

"I Kissed a Girl"
Katy Perry in a pink and blue one-piece outfit looks at the camera with her eyes wide and mouth slightly open.
Single by Katy Perry
from the album One of the Boys
ReleasedApril 28, 2008 (2008-04-28)
Studio
Genre
Length3:00
LabelCapitol
Songwriter(s)
Producer(s)
Katy Perry singles chronology
"I Kissed a Girl"
(2008)		 "Hot n Cold"
(2008)
Music video
"I Kissed a Girl" on YouTube

The song topped the US Billboard Hot 100 chart for seven consecutive weeks, becoming the 1,000th number-one song of the rock era. The single has sold 4.8 million units in the US alone. "I Kissed a Girl" is one of eight songs by Perry to sell over 4 million digital copies in the US, the others being "Hot n Cold", "California Gurls", "Teenage Dream", "Firework", "E.T.", "Dark Horse" and "Roar". It also topped the charts in Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Germany, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, New Zealand, Norway, Scotland, Sweden, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom. It was the best-selling song of 2008 in Finland. The song has been certified multi-platinum in Australia, Canada, Denmark, the UK, and the US.

An accompanying music video for the song was released on May 16, 2008. The video, directed by Kinga Burza, features the singer in a setting inspired by burlesque and Moulin Rouge styles. It features appearances from Perry's friends, including actress Shannon Woodward and singer Kesha. The song is recognized as the 10th best-selling single in the 21st century. "I Kissed a Girl" was performed and a nominee at the 51st Grammy Awards (Grammy Award for Best Female Pop Vocal Performance). It was also nominated for Favorite Song at the 2009 Kids' Choice Awards. The song has been performed on all of her tours. It was also included in Perry's performance in Super Bowl XLIX's Pepsi Halftime Show in 2015.

Background

According to Perry, "the chorus actually popped into my head when I woke up". Perry also said that it somewhat was from personal experience. "It was one of those moments where you hear artists talking about songs they get in dreams or in the middle of the night. I was like 'wow, what an interesting subject matter to kind of pop into the head' and I didn't do anything with it for about a year-and-a-half. Then all of a sudden at the very, very end of making my album, I literally had two days left in the recording studio with my producer, Dr Luke. We just said, 'we're gonna finish it—it's so catchy because it won't get out of our heads.'"[3]

Capitol A&R Chris Anokute told HitQuarters that the song and its controversial theme met with strong resistance at the label. "People said, 'This is never going to get played on the radio. How do we sell this? How's this going to be played in the Bible Belt?'" Anokute said that they needed the support of one of the label's radio promoters to convince people to believe in the record. Otherwise, Perry would have likely been dropped again. Dennis Reese, Capitol's senior vice president of promotions, saw the vision and helped push the single on national radio. The first station to pick it up and take a chance was 107.5 The River in Nashville. Rich Davis, then PD, was played the song by Joe Rainey of Capitol Records outside his favorite sushi spot in Nashville and immediately put it on the air. After playing it for three days, they were inundated with enthusiastic calls.[4]

Composition

"I Kissed a Girl" has a length of three minutes. The song is a pop rock,[6][7] new wave,[8] and electropop,[9][10][11] track which runs through a throbbing beat[5] and an organic instrumental thump, according to About.com's Bill Lamb.[12] It features instrumentation provided by drums, guitars, and bass, courtesy of Dr. Luke.[12][13] The song was produced by Dr. Luke, which was coordinated by Gary 'G' Silver and aided by American producer and songwriter Benny Blanco. There were a number of personnel who engineered the track for the album, including Emily Wright, Sam Holland, Nick Banns, Aniela Gottwald, Mike Caffrey, and Tina Kennedy. Kitty Purty assisted in the engineering while Tim Roberts assisted in the engineering for mix, which was done by John Hanes. The song was mixed by Serban Ghenea at his studio MixStar Studios in Virginia Beach, Virginia. Cathy Dennis was on background vocals while Dr. Luke and Benny Blanco were featured on drums and programming. Steven Wolf provided the live drums on the song while Mike Caffrey recorded and produced the drums at Monster Island in New York City.[13]

In an interview for The New Gay, Perry describes the song to be about girls. She defends the lyrics, saying that "When we're young, we're very touchy-feely. We have slumber party sing-a-longs, we make up dance routines in our pajamas. We're a lot more intimate in a friendship than guys can be. It's not perverse but just sweet..."[14] The song was partially inspired by Scarlett Johansson.[15] Perry also stated that the lyrics were inspired by her friendship with a girl as a teenager, commenting that "I did kiss her. I was totally obsessed with her. She was beautiful — porcelain skin, perfect lips."[16] While Perry has not explicitly revealed the main person behind the inspiration of the song, Miley Cyrus has claimed it was about her.[17]

In an interview with the German online web show MalcolmMusic, Macy Gray revealed that "I Kissed a Girl" was initially offered to her before Perry ended up releasing the song.[18]

The song is written in the key of A minor in common time with a tempo of 130 beats per minute. It follows a chord progression of Am-[Bdim-C]-Dm7-[F5-Em] in the verses, Am-C-Dm-[F-Em] in the choruses (except for the Dm chord being major in the third segment), and F-Em-Am-G in the bridge, which ends with an extra-Dm chord. Perry's vocals span from A3 to E5.[19]

Critical reception

Blogcritics magazine called it "an instantly catchy number."[20] About.com said, "fueled by an instrumental wallop provided courtesy of producer Dr. Luke, 'I Kissed a Girl' is the perfect breakthrough."[12] However, Rolling Stone magazine, while giving her album 2/5 stars, described the song as a "new wave-y club single", saying the supposedly rebellious "attention-grabbing" lyrics are "a vanilla recounting of her chick-on-chick exploits" and that this "acting out" is "just to get a dude's attention."[21] AllMusic praises "the stomping Gary Glitter beat" before criticizing the producers for turning it "into a leaden stumble and burying Perry's voice underneath Pro Tools overdubs so it all winds up as a faceless wash of sound designed to be placed in TV shows, movie trailers, and malls."[22]

Sal Cinquemani of Slant Magazine wrote that Perry's "lead single 'I Kissed a Girl' features a throbbing beat and an infectious, bi-curious hook, but its self-satisfied, in-your-face posturing rings phony in comparison to the expertly constructed ambiguities of 'Justify My Love' or practically anything in the first decade of Ani DiFranco's catalog; it's like a tween version of DiFranco's tortured bisexual confession 'Light of Some Kind'."[23] Hiponline.com wrote that the song is "not nearly as interesting or exciting as you'd expect. It's not even half as good as Jill Sobule's song 'I Kissed a Girl'."[24] Glitterati Gossip agreed Sobule's song "was ten times better, because there was actual emotional content to her lyrics."[25]

Sobule herself facetiously attacked Perry in an interview with The Rumpus in 2009:

When Katy Perry's version came out I started getting tons of inquiries about what I thought. Some folks (and protective friends) were angry, and wondered why she took my title and made it into this kind of "girls gone wild" thing....

As a musician I have always refrained from criticizing another artist. I was, "Well, good for her." It did bug me a little bit, however, when she said she came up with the idea for the title in a dream. In truth, she wrote it with a team of professional writers and was signed by the very same guy that signed me in 1995. I have not mentioned that in interviews as I don't want to sound bitter or petty... cause, that's not me.

Okay, maybe, if I really think about it, there were a few jealous and pissed-off moments. So here goes, for the first time in an interview: Fuck you, Katy Perry, you fucking stupid, maybe not good for the gays, title-thieving, haven't heard much else, so not quite sure if you're talented, fucking little slut.

— Jill Sobule interview with The Rumpus[26]

Days later, Sobule explained in a Huffington Post article she penned, stating,

I thought maybe this time I would have fun with it and goof on what many of my fans were hoping to hear over the last year. I prefaced my reply with a wink, and then rambled on with a string of over the top dumb-ass profanities, purposely out of character and completely in jest ... I may be a touch cynical about the business, but I have never really been angry or had ill feelings towards Katy herself. I was actually in a small way happy to not be the "Kissed a Girl" girl anymore.[27]

Controversy
Perry performing "I Kissed a Girl" at her Hello Katy Tour in March 2009

The song received criticism from some members of the LGBT community, although it also had its staunch supporters. AllMusic concluded, "the problem is not with Katy's gender-bending, it's that her heart isn't in it; she's just using it to get her places, so she sinks to crass, craven depths."[22] Slant Magazine agreed, saying the song "isn't problematic because it promotes homosexuality, but because its appropriation of the gay lifestyle exists for the sole purpose of garnering attention — both from Perry's boyfriend and her audience."[23]

Adam Holz of PluggedinOnline, a division of Focus on the Family, wrote an article entitled "A Tale of Two Katys"[28] about the singer's image transformation from a Contemporary Christian music artist to one of the "girls gone wild." He criticizes the song for being the latest, "high-profile message to young women and men that our sexuality is a malleable commodity that can be reshaped at will." Holz also argues that Perry's message carries with it "no need to worry about who might get used or objectified in the process," causing Perry to live "down to a damaging, demeaning stereotype." After numerous reports that Perry's religious parents were against her music and career, she stated in August 2008, "They love and support me."[29]

Though the Toronto Star describes it as "a lesbian-friendly tune,"[30] whether homophobia fuels negative reactions to the song or the song itself appears to divide critics. Slant and other critics[31][32] suggest that Perry may be homophobic, especially given her single "Ur So Gay", which makes "I Kissed a Girl" seems like "a classic example of the 'Guys kissing is gross, girls kissing is hot' line of thought," which promotes hypersexualization of queer women and demonization of queer men.[33]

On the other hand, according to The Advocate, Perry claims she has heard countless stories of people opening their eyes to their own sexual desires because of the song.[34] Since the release of the song, she has been considered a strong and steadfast supporter of LGBT rights. Out described Katy Perry as a gay icon.[35] Perry dedicated the music video for "Firework" to the It Gets Better Project.[36] Perry was additionally awarded the National Equality Award by the Human Rights Campaign.[37]

MomLogic.com writer Vuv-A-Licious asked, "What's the big deal? ... When this tune is playing and my son and daughter are dancing, I will be trying to dance along, or trying to acknowledge that they may one day dance to the beat of a different drummer than me."[38]

When asked about her own sexuality, Perry told Santa Barbara magazine: "I like to kiss boys, but there is no doubt in my mind if Angelina Jolie or Gisele Bündchen came a callin', who wouldn't pucker up?"[39] Perry told The New Gay she had never actually kissed a girl. She said "Yeah, it's fantasy, it's a song about curiosity."[33]

At an annual fundraiser in 2008, she recalled: "I remember having a little crush when I was 15 on this girl who was a little bit older than me. She was my best friend at the time [but] I never kissed her or anything. In retrospect, she was my muse for that song."[40] When asked by OK! magazine about kissing a girl, she replied: "Of course. I think I was 19. I kissed a girl and it was great", she also added: "Growing up I had a friend who, looking back, I think I had an obsessive little crush on her. I never kissed her but she was very beautiful and she was like a ballerina and I wanted to copy everything she did. But I think that was kind of the extent of it."[41]

In a separate interview in 2010, Perry stated to a female interviewer that she has kissed several girls.[42] Perry later admitted to Vanity Fair in early May 2011 that the reason she did not discuss it honestly at first was that a couple of "sleazy" male journalists made her uncomfortable, she stated: "So I said no, I hadn't experienced it, even though I had, because I didn't like where the guys were taking the interviews."[43]

In February 2009, Márcio Barros, a substitute English-language teacher in Distrito Federal, Brazil, public school was fired after he used the song in a class activity among students aged 12 to 14. He was accused of promoting "homosexualism" and alcoholic beverages through the lyrics. The Secretary of Education supported the decision of the head of the school.[44]

In a February 2018 online Glamour article, Perry expressed the following about her song:

"We've really changed, conversationally, in the past 10 years. We've come a long way. Bisexuality wasn't as talked about back then, or any type of fluidity. If I had to write that song again, I probably would make an edit on it. Lyrically, it has a couple of stereotypes in it. Your mind changes so much in 10 years, and you grow so much. What's true for you can evolve."[45]

Chart performance

"I Kissed a Girl" debuted at No. 76 on the Billboard Hot 100. After a couple of weeks, the single hit the top five, due to the rising digital downloads and increasing radio airplay. It continued to rise the next week, reaching No. 2, just behind her labelmates, Coldplay. On the chart dated July 5, 2008, the song peaked at the summit of the Billboard Hot 100, becoming the 1,000th No. 1 song of the rock era (the 961st No. 1 single on the Billboard Hot 100).[46] In addition, the song also gave the Capitol label two consecutive Hot 100 No. 1 singles following Coldplay's "Viva la Vida", making it the first time since 1976 that Capitol had two back-to-back chart-toppers on the Hot 100.[47] The single also crossed over to Billboard's sister publication R&R's Rhythmic chart in its July 5 issue, where not only did she have the highest debut ever for a non-rhythmic track, entering at No. 26 with 1,065 spins, she also had the highest debut from a new artist in over five years. The bow is the best for a debut track at Rhythmic since Beyoncé entered at no. 21 with "Crazy in Love" in 2003.[48][49] It also has become the first song since Gnarls Barkley's "Crazy" to simultaneously appear on the Mainstream Top 40, Rhythmic, Adult Top 40, and Alternative charts.[50] On July 26, 2008, the track also made history by reaching the No. 1 spot on Billboard's Hot Dance Airplay chart by three weeks, a first for a solo act with a debut single. The song topped the Hot 100 for seven weeks in a row before being dethroned by Rihanna's "Disturbia". It was the second longest-running No. 1 on the Hot 100 of 2008 (tied with T.I.'s "Whatever You Like"), with only Flo Rida's "Low" topping the chart for longer. As of August 2020, the song has been certified sextuple platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA)[51] and sold 4.8 million copies in the United States.[52]

In the United Kingdom, the single debuted at No. 4 on the UK Singles Chart on August 3, 2008, ― for the week ending date August 9, 2008. A week later, it topped the chart, where it remained for five weeks (a feat which would not be matched again until "Someone like You" by Adele in 2011) until it was dethroned by "Sex on Fire" by Kings of Leon.[53] Alongside Basshunter's "Now You're Gone" and "Mercy" by Duffy, "I Kissed a Girl" spent more weeks at No. 1 on the UK Singles Chart than any other single in 2008. According to the Official Charts Company, the single has sold over 635,000 copies in Britain as of June 2010. It is the first Virgin label single to sell more than half a million copies since the Spice Girls' "Goodbye" in 1998. As of March 2012, the single had sold 654,560 copies in the United Kingdom, becoming her fourth-best-selling single there, behind "Firework", "Roar" and "California Gurls".[54]

In Canada, the single debuted at No. 55 on the Canadian Hot 100, later peaking at No. 1, becoming the first country where the song reached the top of the charts.

In New Zealand, the song debuted at No. 38 on the New Zealand Singles Chart, the single's first appearance in other countries chart outside North America, moving to No. 3 the following week. The song was certified Gold after seven weeks with sales of over 7,500. On August 11, 2008, eight weeks after debuting on the chart, "I Kissed a Girl" finally made it to No. 1. "I Kissed a Girl" was certified platinum in New Zealand after 20 weeks, selling more than 15,000 copies.

In Australia, the song debuted at No. 30 on downloads alone. The next week, it jumped to No. 2, still on downloads alone. It later jumped to No. 1 still solely off downloads, becoming only the second single to do so. On July 21, 2008, after the single's physical release, the track retained its No. 1 position and was certified Gold. The single held the No. 1 position for several weeks and was certified double platinum.

According to Perry, the song became a massive hit for being musically "catchy". She told BBC News: "I think that it's one of those subject matters that is, you know, like 'Oh my God I can't believe she said that, that someone came out and said it.' I think that, whenever anyone writes something that is different than, like, your plain peanut butter and jelly song, 'I love you, you love me,' everyone kind of perks up and says 'what's this?'"[3]

Music video

A music video for the song was released on May 16, 2008, on Perry's personal website and on Myspace. The video was directed by Kinga Burza and features a Moulin Rouge and burlesque-type setting with scenes of Perry, along with many other flamboyantly dressed women dancing to the song. Towards the end of the video, she wakes up next to a male companion, played by DJ Skeet Skeet.[55] Despite the song's title, there is no depiction of same-sex kissing at all. Perry features her real-life friend and DJ, Mia Moretti, Markus Molinari's cat Bella and Kesha in the music video.[56]

Accolades

The song was listed at the ASCAP Pop Music Awards as one of 50 Most Performed Songs of 2008.[57] Other honors given to the song include the following:

Year Organization Award Result Ref.
2008 Los Premios MTV Latinoamérica Song of the Year Nominated [58]
MTV Europe Music Awards Most Addictive Track Nominated [59]
MTV Video Music Awards Best Art Direction Nominated [60]
Best Cinematography Nominated
Best Editing Nominated
Best Female Video Nominated
Best New Artist Nominated
Q Awards Best Track Nominated [61]
The Record of the Year The Record of the Year Nominated [62]
Teen Choice Awards Choice Music: Summer Song Nominated [63]
2009 Grammy Awards Best Female Pop Vocal Performance Nominated [64]
MTV Video Music Awards Japan Best Pop Video Won
Best New Artist Nominated
MuchMusic Video Awards UR Fave: International Artist Nominated [65]
Nickelodeon Kids' Choice Awards Favorite Song Nominated [66]
People's Choice Awards Favorite Pop Song Won [67]

Cover versions
Not to be confused with I Kissed a Boy (TV series).

A cover version by Barnicle entered the UK Singles Chart (published August 3, 2008) at position No. 116.[53] Perry's version was brought forward from a September 1 release to July 30, 2008. On August 3, 2008, the song, which had entered the UK Singles Chart at No. 139 the week before,[68] climbed 135 places to reach position No. 4.[53] In 2008, Cobra Starship recorded a parody titled "I Kissed a Boy." It was included on the 2008 Fall Out Boy mixtape album, Welcome to the New Administration. A cover version by April Jai was released in August 2023 in a completely new chill indie pop style.

Usage in media

The song is featured in the films Fiston, Blended, Boy Meets Girl and Pitch Perfect 2 along with the television shows Glee, Skins, The Hills, 20 to 1, The Big Bang Theory, The Game, and RuPaul's Drag Race All Stars.[69]

Track listing
CD single[70]
  1. "I Kissed a Girl" – 3:00
  2. "I Kissed a Girl" (Jason Nevins Funkrokr Extended Mix) – 6:51
  3. "I Kissed a Girl" (Dr. Luke & Benny Blanco Remix) – 3:28

Remixes

Charts

Certifications and sales

}

Region CertificationCertified units/sales
Australia (ARIA)[151] 3× Platinum 210,000^
Austria (IFPI Austria)[152] Platinum 30,000*
Belgium (BEA)[153] Gold  
Brazil (Pro-Música Brasil)[154] Platinum 60,000*
Brazil (Pro-Música Brasil)[154]
Jason Nevins Funkrokr Extended Mix 		Platinum 60,000*
Canada (Music Canada)[155] 7× Platinum 280,000*
Canada (Music Canada)[156]
Ringtone 		6× Platinum 240,000*
Denmark (IFPI Danmark)[157] 3× Platinum 45,000^
Finland (Musiikkituottajat)[158] Platinum 14,072[158]
France (SNEP)[159] Gold 160,000[160]
Germany (BVMI)[161] 5× Gold 750,000‡
Italy — 25,000[162]
Italy (FIMI)[163]
since 2009 		Platinum 100,000‡
Norway (IFPI Norway)[164] Platinum 60,000‡
New Zealand (RMNZ)[165] Platinum 15,000*
Spain (PROMUSICAE)[166] Platinum 20,000*
Spain (PROMUSICAE)[167]
Ringtone 		Gold 10,000*
Sweden (GLF)[168] Platinum 20,000^
Switzerland (IFPI Switzerland)[169] Platinum 30,000^
United Kingdom (BPI)[170] 2× Platinum 706,000[171]
United States (RIAA)[51] 6× Platinum 4,800,000[52]

* Sales figures based on certification alone.
^ Shipments figures based on certification alone.
‡ Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone.

Release history
Release dates and formats for "I Kissed a Girl"
Region Date Format(s) Version(s) Label(s) Ref.
United States April 28, 2008 Digital download Original Capitol [172]
Various April 29, 2008 [173]
United States May 13, 2008 Contemporary hit radio [174]
June 23, 2008 Rhythmic radio [175]
Various July 19, 2008 Digital EP Various[lower-alpha 1] [176]
August 1, 2008
[177]
Germany CD [178]
France August 25, 2008 Original [179]
United Kingdom September 1, 2008 Virgin [180]
United States September 30, 2008 Capitol [181]
Various Digital EP Remixes [182]
Canada November 11, 2020 12-inch MTV Unplugged version [183]
United States

See also

References

Footnotes
  1. The release included such versions as: original, instrumental, and Jason Nevins Funkrokr extended mix.
  2. Remixes released in those releases include: Jason Nevins Funkrokr extended mix and Dr. Luke & Benny Blanco remix.

Cites
  1. Breihan, Tom (May 1, 2023). "The Number Ones: Pink's "So What"". Stereogum. Retrieved May 1, 2023. The beat is the same kind of gleaming glam-rock stomp that Martin and his collaborators brought to Katy Perry's "I Kissed A Girl"...
  2. Azzopardi, Chris (April 27, 2018). "10 Years Later: Katy Perry's Queer Touchstone 'I Kissed a Girl' Opened the Door For Sexual Fluidity, But Not Without Criticism". Billboard. Retrieved May 27, 2023.
  3. "Talking Shop: Katy Perry". BBC News. August 26, 2008. Archived from the original on January 13, 2014. Retrieved July 31, 2019.
  4. "Interview With Chris Anokute". HitQuarters. October 18, 2010. Archived from the original on July 13, 2014. Retrieved October 25, 2010.
  5. Cinquemani, Sal (June 15, 2008). "Katy Perry: One of the Boys". Slant Magazine. Retrieved January 31, 2012.
  6. "How Katy Perry went from Christian rock to I Kissed a Girl". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved February 21, 2016.
  7. "Katy Goes Pop". People. June 2008. Archived from the original on April 14, 2009. Retrieved February 21, 2016.
  8. Frehsee, Nicole. "One of the Boys: Katy Perry: Music Review: Rolling Stone". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on June 17, 2008. Retrieved January 31, 2012.
  9. Spanos, Brittany (September 6, 2016). "9 Great Songs You Didn't Know Katy Perry Wrote". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on April 28, 2020. Retrieved October 24, 2020. ...electro-pop-rock songs named "I Kissed a Girl" and "Ur So Gay."
  10. Levine, Nick (August 28, 2020). "The curious U-turn of Katy Perry: how a Christian rockstar turned pop provocateur". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on August 28, 2020. Retrieved October 24, 2020. Perry's breakthrough eventually came in 2008 with the bombastic electropop song I Kissed a Girl...
  11. Leftridge, Steve (October 3, 2010). "Katy Perry: Teenage Dream". PopMatters. Archived from the original on July 31, 2020. Retrieved October 24, 2020. ...the disco thump of hits like "I Kissed a Girl"...
  12. Lamb, Bill. "Katy Perry - "I Kissed a Girl"". About.com. About.com. Archived from the original on January 30, 2012. Retrieved January 31, 2012.
  13. One of the Boys (inlay cover). Katy Perry. Capitol Records. 2008. 0602517170483.{{cite AV media notes}}: CS1 maint: others in cite AV media (notes) (link)
  14. "Katy Perry: The New Gay Interview". The New Gay. June 10, 2008. Archived from the original on August 28, 2008. Retrieved December 2, 2010.
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  22. Erlewine, Stephen Thomas (2008). "One of the Boys - Katy Perry" review, AllMusic. Retrieved June 22, 2008.
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  26. "The Rumpus Interview with Jill Sobule". The Rumpus. July 30, 2009. Retrieved July 30, 2009.
  27. Sobule, Jill (August 19, 2009). "My "Feud" With Katy Perry". The Huffington Post. Retrieved February 27, 2011.
  28. Holz, Adam (2008). Up Front: "A Tale of Two Katys" Archived January 17, 2011, at the Wayback Machine, PluggedinOnline.com. Tuesday, July 7, 2008.
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  35. Henderson, Taylor (December 16, 2021). "Katy Perry Knows She Helped Fans Explore Their Sexuality". www.out.com. Retrieved April 23, 2022.
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  37. Kilpatrick, Ryan (March 10, 2017). "Katy Perry Champions LGBTQ Equality at Human-Rights Gala". Time. Retrieved April 23, 2022.
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  39. Aug./Sept. 2008 issue of Santa Barbara magazine
  40. "Katy Perry Reveals Her Girl Crush". People. September 10, 2008.
  41. Crerar, Simon (October 21, 2008). "I kissed a girl and liked it, says Katy Perry". The Times.
  42. Video on YouTube
  43. Robinson, Lisa (May 3, 2011). Katy Perry on Her Religious Childhood, Her Career, and Her Marriage to Russell Brand. Vanity Fair.
  44. "G1 > Vestibular e Educação - NOTÍCIAS - Professor é afastado acusado de apologia ao homossexualismo para alunos". g1.globo.com.
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