Ibrahim Khan Lodi

Ibrahim Khan Lodi (1480 – 21 April 1526) was the last Sultan of the Delhi Sultanate,[2][3] who became Sultan in 1517 after the death of his father Sikandar Khan Lodi. He was the last ruler of the Lodi dynasty, reigning for nine years until 1526, when he was defeated and killed at the Battle of Panipat by Babur's invading army, giving way to the emergence of the Mughal Empire in India.[4][5]

Ibrahim Khan Lodi
Sultan of the Lodi Dynasty
31st Sultan of Delhi
Reign1517 – 21 April 1526
Coronation1517, Agra
PredecessorSikandar Khan Lodi
SuccessorSultanate abolished
By (Babur as Mughal Emperor)
Born1480
Delhi
Died21 April 1526 (1526-04-22) (aged 45–46)
Panipat
Burial
Tomb of Ibrahim Lodi
IssueJalal Khan Lodi
A daughter (married Nusrat Shah of Bengal)[1]
HouseLodi dynasty
FatherSikandar Khan Lodi
ReligionSunni Islam

Biography

Ibrahim attained the throne upon the death of his father, Sikandar, but was not blessed with the same ruling capability. He faced a number of rebellions. Ibrahim also displeased the nobility when he replaced old and senior commanders with younger ones who were loyal to him. The Afghan nobility eventually invited Babur from Kabulistan to invade India. Babur gathered up a large army and proceeded to enter India through the Khyber Pass and soon captured Lahore with the help of its governor Daulat Khan Lodi who had defected to the Mughals.

In 1526, Ibrahim faced the Mughal army of Babur. Ibrahim's much larger army was defeated at the Battle of Panipat, and he was killed in the battle. It is estimated that Babur's forces numbered around 12,000–25,000 men and had between 20 and 24 pieces of canons. Ibrahim had around 50,000 to 120,000 men along with around 400 to 1000 war elephants. In the battle the Lodi forces suffered over 20,000 killed and many more wounded and captured. After the end of Lodi dynasty, the era of Mughal rule commenced for next 331 years.[6]

Tomb
Main article: Tomb of Ibrahim Lodi

His tomb is often mistaken to be the Shisha Gumbad within Lodi Gardens, Delhi. Rather Ibrahim Khan Lodi's Tomb is actually situated near the tehsil office in Panipat, close to the Dargah of Sufi saint Bu Ali Shah Qalandar. It is a simple rectangular structure on a high platform approached by a flight of steps. In 1866, the British relocated the tomb during construction of the Grand Trunk Road and renovated it with an inscription highlighting Ibrahim Khan Lodi's death in the Battle of Panipat. He also built a Khwaja Khizr Tomb in Sonipat in 1522.[7][8][9]

Jalal Khan Lodi's Revolt

In 1520, Ibrahim's eldest brother and heir to the throne, Jalal Khan Lodi, marched with an army from Jaunpur towards Delhi to take the throne. Hearing of Jalal Khan's revolt, Ibrahim imprisoned his brothers Ismail Khan Lodi, Hussain Khan Lodi, Daulat Khan Lodi and Mahmud Khan Lodi at the fort of Hansi. He marched towards Awadh to meet his brother Jalal's army and after defeating the army, he forgave his brother and repositioned him as governor of Jaunpur and Lakhnau (or Lucknow).[10]

  • Delhi-Topra inscription of 1524 CE, mentioning Sultan Ibrahim Lodi.
    Delhi-Topra inscription of 1524 CE, mentioning Sultan Ibrahim Lodi.[11]
  • An awards ceremony in the Sultan Ibrahim Khan Lodi's court before being sent on an expedition to Sambhal
    An awards ceremony in the Sultan Ibrahim Khan Lodi's court before being sent on an expedition to Sambhal
  • 1526-First Battle of Panipat-Ibrahim Khan Lodi and Babur
    1526-First Battle of Panipat-Ibrahim Khan Lodi and Babur
  • Coinage of Mahmud Shah II (1510-1531 CE) of the Malwa Sultanate, in the name of Ibrahim Lodi Sultan of Dehli, dated 1520-1 CE.
    Coinage of Mahmud Shah II (1510-1531 CE) of the Malwa Sultanate, in the name of Ibrahim Lodi Sultan of Dehli, dated 1520-1 CE.

See also

References
  1. Sen, Sailendra (2013). A Textbook of Medieval Indian History. Primus Books. pp. 120–121. ISBN 978-9-38060-734-4.
  2. Chandra, Satish (2005). Medieval India: From Sultanat to the Mughals Part - II. Har-Anand Publications. ISBN 978-81-241-1066-9. The first of these was the death of the Afghan ruler , Sikandar Lodi , at Agra towards the end of 1517 and the succession of Ibrahim Khan Lodi . The second was the conquest of Bajaur and Bhira , by Babur in the frontier tract of north - west Punjab in ...
  3. Sengupta, Sudeshna. History & Civics 9. Ratna Sagar. p. 126. ISBN 9788183323642. The Lodi dynasty was established by the Ghilzai tribe of the Afghans
  4. "SULṬĀN ĪBRAHĪM BIN SULṬĀN SIKANDAR KHAN LODĪ". The Muntakhabu-’rūkh by ‘Abdu-’l-Qādir Ibn-i-Mulūk Shāh, known as Al-Badāoni, translated from the original Persian and edited by George S. A. Ranking, Sir Wolseley Haig and W. H. Lowe. Packard Humanities Institute 1884–1925. Archived from the original on 28 July 2013. Retrieved 18 November 2012.
  5. Sen, Sailendra (2013). A Textbook of Medieval Indian History. Primus Books. pp. 122–25. ISBN 978-9-38060-734-4.
  6. Davis, Paul K. (1999), 100 Decisive Battles: From Ancient Times to the Present, Oxford University Press, p. 181.
  7. Tomb of Ibrahim Lodi Archived 14 May 2008 at the Wayback Machine
  8. "Ibrahim Lodhi's Tomb in Panipat India". www.india9.com.
  9. The tale of the missing Lodi tomb The Hindu, 4 July 2005.
  10. "Ibrahim Lodi, Last Sultan of Delhi". notesonindianhistory.com. 20 July 2017.
  11. Singh, Upinder (2006). Delhi: Ancient History. Berghahn Books. p. 208. ISBN 978-81-87358-29-9.
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