Ibrahim al-Kurani

Burhan al-Din Ibrahim ibn Hassan ibn Shihab al-Din al-Kurani al-Madani (Arabic: برهان الدين إبراهيم بن حسن بن شهاب الدين الكوراني المدني, 1023-1101 AH, or 1615-1690 CE), was a Gorani[3] Kurdish Sufi master (murshid) and Athari theologian who was born in the village of Shahrani in Shahrizor plain.[4][5][6] He was also attributed with al-Kurdi, al-Shahrazuri, and al-Shahrani.[4][5] He studied and was a member of several Sufi orders (tariqa), especially the Naqshbandi, the Qadiri, and the Shattari.[4][7] In Medina, he became Ahmad al-Qushashi's prominent and influential student, and succeeded Al-Qushashi as the leader of his order.[4] His writings cover various Islamic subjects, including jurisprudence (fiqh), theology (tawhid), and Sufism.[5]

Burhān al-Dīn Ibrāhīm b. Ḥasan al-Kūrānī
Personal
Born1615
Sharani
Died1690
Hijaz
ReligionIslam
Era11th Islamic century
DenominationSunni
CreedAthari[1][2]
MovementSufism
Muslim leader
Influenced by

Study

Al-Kurani first went to study religion in Turkey, then he visited the scholars in Persia, Iraq, Syria, and Egypt to further his knowledge, before finally settling in Medina until his death.[4] In Egypt, he visited Al-Azhar and studied Taysir fi al-Qira'at al-Sab'a of Abu 'Amru Ad-Dani al-Qurtubi with Nur al-Din Ali bin Ali al-Shabramallisi, as well as Thayyibat al-Nashr fi al-Qira'at al-'Ashr of Ibn al-Jazari.[4][5] In Egypt he also studied with 'Azayim Sultan ibn Ahmad al-Marakhi; and with Muhammad ibn 'Ala' al-Din al-Babili, a well-known hadith expert.[5] In Damascus, he studied with Muhammad ibn Muhammad al-'Arami.[5] In Medina, he studied with Ahmad al-Qushashi, Ahmad al-Shinnawi, Mulla Muhammad Sharif ibn Yusuf al-Kurani, and Abdul Karim ibn Abi Bakr al-Hussaini al-Kurani.[5]

Teaching

Both in teaching and in writing, Al-Kurani emphasized the harmony between Sufism and its scholastic theology (kalam) with sharia.[4][5] He considered the various branches of Islamic knowledge as paths toward the same true understanding of tawhid (the oneness of God).[5] Although Al-Kurani continued to delve into the teachings of Ibn 'Arabi and Al-Jili, he emphasized more on the compatibility between different points of view rather than choosing one of them.[5] Al-Kurani's attitude is also reflected in his choice to follow more than one Sufi orders (tariqa), as was done by his master Al-Qushashi.[5]

Influence

Al-Kurani was a well-known scholar of his time, and he was allowed to teach at the Prophet's Mosque.[5] Al-Jabarti called him the sheikh of sheikhs (shaikh al-shuyukh), whose students came from various countries.[5] He was respected by students in the Hejaz, and he was widely known by scholars from India and Malay archipelago (Jawi).[4][5] He had a close relationship with Abd al-Rauf al-Sinkili, and remained in touch after Al-Sinkili returned to Aceh.[4][5] Mustafa al-Hamawi noted that many other Southeast Asian students also maintained relationships with Al-Kurani.[4]

Works

Al-Kurani's written works are estimated to be more than a hundred, but most of them are not yet widely published.[4][5] His work Ithaf al-Dhaki bi Sharh al-Tuhfat al-Mursalat ila al-Nabi discusses Al-Tuhfat al-Mursalat ila Ruh al-Nabi of Muhammad bin Fadhlullah al-Burhanpuri, which was made at the request of his relations in the archipelago.[4][5] In addition, his work Al-Lum'at al-Saniyat fi Tahqiq al-Ilqa' fi al-Umniya discusses monotheism and Sufism, and Al-Amam li-Iqaz al-Himam discusses his biography and intellectual credentials as a teacher.[4][8]

See also

References
  1. M. Nafi, Bashir (2002). "Taṣawwuf and Reform in Pre-Modern Islamic Culture: In Search of Ibrāhīm al-Kūrānī". Die Welt des Islams. Brill Publishers. 42 (3): 329, 333–334. doi:10.1163/15700600260435010. JSTOR 1571418 – via JSTOR.
  2. Dumairieh, Naser (October 2018). Intellectual Life in the Ḥijāz in the 17th Century The Works and Thought of Ibrāhīm al-Kūrānī (1025-1101/1616-1690). Montreal: Mcgill University. pp. 251–252.
  3. El-Rouayheb, Khaled. "al-Kūrānī, Ibrāhīm".
  4. Hanif, N. (2002). Biographical Encyclopaedia of Sufis: Central Asia and Middle East. Vol. 2. Sarup & Sons. p. 250. ISBN 9788176252669.
  5. Azra, Azyumardi (2006). Islam in the Indonesian World: An Account of Institutional Formation. Mizan Pustaka. ISBN 978-979-433-430-0.
  6. El-Rouayheb, Khaled. "al-Kūrānī, Ibrāhīm". Encyclopedia of Islam. Brill Publishers. Three. doi:10.1163/1573-3912_ei3_COM_35732.
  7. Gladney, Dru C. (2004). Dislocating China: Reflections on Muslims, Minorities, and Other Subaltern Subjects. C. Hurst & Co. Publishers. p. 129. ISBN 978-1-85065-324-0.
  8. Fathurahman, Oman (2012-08-02). Ithaf Al-Dhaki: Tafsir Wahdatul Wujud Bagi Muslim Nusantara (in Indonesian). PT Mizan Publika. ISBN 978-979-433-728-8.
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