Taymyr (1909 icebreaker)

The first of a series of surveys began in the autumn of 1910, when Taymyr and Vaygach left Vladivostok. They entered the Chukchi Sea with scientists on board and began their exploration. For the next five years, these icebreakers went on sounding and carrying on vital surveys during the thaw. Before every winter, when ice conditions became too bad, they returned to Vladivostok and waited for the spring. In 1911 the scientists and crew aboard Vaygach and Taymyr made the first Russian landing on Wrangel Island.

In 1914, Boris Vilkitsky was both the captain of Taymyr and the leader of the Arctic Ocean Hydrographic Expedition. The purpose of the icebreakers Taymyr and Vaygach was to force the whole Northern Passage in order to reach Archangelsk. Severe weather and ice conditions, however, didn't allow them to cross the Kara Sea and they were forced to winter at Bukhta Dika, close to the Firnley Islands. Thus the sister icebreakers were able to complete the passage only in 1915. They were warmly welcomed in Archangelsk upon their arrival.

Some of the biggest successes of the expedition were the accurate charting of the Northern Sea Route and the discovery of Severnaya Zemlya in 1913. Taymyr and Vaygach were considered the best icebreakers in the world at the time.

The first scientific drifting ice station in the world, North Pole-1 was established on 21 May 1937 some 20 kilometres (12 mi) from the North Pole by the expedition into the high latitudes Sever-1, led by Otto Schmidt. NP-1 operated for 9 months, during which the ice floe passed 2,850 kilometres (1,770 mi). On 19 February 1938, Soviet icebreaker Taimyr, along with Murman took off four polar explorers from the station, who immediately became famous in the USSR and were awarded titles Hero of the Soviet Union.

A nuclear icebreaker as well as a class of nuclear-powered river icebreakers was named Taymyr in 1988.

• Russian Hydrographic Service

• Barr, William (1974). "Otto Sverdrup to the Rescue of the Russian Imperial Navy". Arctic. 27 (1).
• —— (December 1983). "The last Journey of Peter Tessem and Paul Knutsen". Arctic. 36 (4). Archived from the original on 14 August 2014.
• Niven, Jennifer (2001). The Ice Master, The Doomed 1913 Voyage of the Karluk. New York: Hyperion. ISBN 9780786884469.

• Kuksin, I.Ye. (October 1991). "The Arctic Ocean hydrographic expedition 1910-1915". Polar Geography (abstract). 15 (4): 299–309. doi:10.1080/10889379109377467.
• Barr, William. "A Tsarist attempt at opening the northern sea route: The arctic ocean hydrographic expedition, 1910-1915" (pdf). Polarforschung. Bremerhaven: Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research & German Society of Polar Research. 45 (1): 51–64.