Indian Hills, Kentucky

The community is named for local settler John Veech's Indian Hill Stock Farm, for a time one of Kentucky's largest horse farms. Veech held over 300 acres (120 ha) as early as 1805, and his family continued to own most of the local land into the 20th century. The Georgian-style Veech house still stands at 125 Indian Hills Trail; the farm's springhouse is at 119 Arrowhead Road. (Both have been approved for listing on the National Register of Historic Places, but the property owners have so far opted against listing.[9]) An 1877 Louisville Courier-Journal article claims the name was adopted from the hundreds of Indians camped at the site at the time of Louisville's founding in 1778, but naming developments after Indians was generally fashionable in the late 19th century.[10]

The Veech family owned much of the land into the 20th century. In 1911, the family contracted the Olmsted Brothers landscaping firm to plan the development of a golf course and subdivision.[10] Two Indian Hills houses from this era are on the National Register of Historic Places, both in the northeastern section of the city: Midlands was built in 1913 for a member of the locally prominent Belknap family,[11] and Blankenbaker Station was built in 1916 and was one of Louisville's first "fireproof" homes.[12] By 1924, the Louisville Country Club had been completed, and the Semonin Company further developed the initial subdivision (sometimes called Indian Hills-Country Club) from 1927 to 1941.[13] Initial lot restrictions required houses to be sold for at least $10,000, and this was raised to $20,000 in 1946. The state assembly formally incorporated the community on December 15, 1941.[14] Calumet Road was the last street of the original Indian Hills plan to be built, with construction delayed until the 1950s due to the steep terrain.[15]

In 1954, Louisville proposed annexing Indian Hills in order to extend sewer service into the area and other developments further east. This met with such opposition that The Courier-Journal was unable to find a single supporter of annexation or sewers in Indian Hills.[16] Two years later, the Indian Hills plans were folded into the larger "Mallon Plan" to annex most of Louisville's outlying suburbs into the city government. Leaflets distributed in Indian Hills claimed taxes would go up, Louisville buses would enter Indian Hills, and sewer service would lead to expensive and unnecessary bills.[17] Louisville voters approved the plan by a large majority, but suburban voters rejected it by a 2-to-1 margin, and the Mallon Plan was shelved.[18]

In the wake of the annexation vote, Indian Hills began exerting greater political autonomy, closing down a used car lot on Brownsboro Road, annexing the land, and encouraging its redevelopment for residences.[19] (The triangle of land involved now houses the homes around Old Brownsboro Court and a small shopping center.) The city also sued the Louisville Gas & Electric Company, seeking to remove the newly installed 135-foot (41 m) electrical towers east of Indian Hills Trail. LG&E won the case by arguing that the land in question was scrubland unsuitable for commercial development.[20]

In the 1980s, Louisville again proposed sewers for Indian Hills, this time without annexation. Indian Hills rejected the plan by a 4-to-1 margin in 1988, but extending a line through it was the only economical way to provide access to communities further east that voted for the service. Legal challenges delayed construction until 1992, but a line was then constructed through the city without connecting to any local houses. In 1995, a local resident was sued by both his neighbors and the county to deal with his overflowing septic tank; he and the septic tank companies claimed the problem could not be fixed without connecting the tank to the city sewer system.[21] Mayor Jeanne Beam, who had opposed sewers throughout her 22-year service, abruptly resigned in June after the city commissioners announced they would no longer oppose connection. Beginning in 1999, the project became the most expensive sewer construction in Jefferson County history, costing residents $20,800–$31,200 each.[6]

Also in 1999, Indian Hills was reincorporated after an election that merged the former Indian Hills with the neighboring cities of Indian Hills-Cherokee Section (inc. 1955), Robinswood (inc. 1965), and Winding Falls (inc. 1977). (An earlier attempt to also annex the community of Riverwood failed in 1998; Rolling Fields was approached about joining the merger but declined to participate.) The new city reached the population threshold for 4th-class status, giving it greater local control (particularly over zoning) ahead of the merger of Louisville and Jefferson County into a single metro government. It also permitted the merger of two separate local police departments.[21]

Despite the merger, the Kentucky Secretary of State continues to list Indian Hills-Cherokee Section,[22] Robinswood,[23] and Winding Falls[24] as separate and active cities.