List of interstellar radio messages

This is a list of interstellar radio messages (IRMs) transmitted from Earth.

Classification of interstellar radio messages

There are twelve realized IRM projects:

"Across the Universe", "Hello From Earth" and "A Simple Response to an Elemental Message" are not always considered serious. The first two of them were sent to Polaris, which is 431 light years distant from us and whose planetary system, even if it exists, may not be suited for life, because it is a supergiant star, spectral type F7Ib which is only 70 million years old.[6] In addition, both transmission rates were very high, about 128 kbit/s, for such moderate transmitter power (about 18 kW). The main defect of the "Hello From Earth" is an insufficient scientific and technical justification, since no famous SETI scientist made statements with validation of HFE's design. As it follows from : "After the final message was collected on Monday 24 August 2009, messages were exported as a text file and sent to NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in California, where they were encoded into binary, packaged and tested before transmission", but nobody explained why he hopes that such encoded and packaged text will be understood and conceived by possible extraterrestrials.

Some use the term Active SETI Project, but Alexander Zaitsev, who was a scientific head of composing and transmissions of Cosmic Call 1999 & 2003, and Teen Age Message 2001, and a scientific consultant of A Message From Earth, emphasized that he considers above IRMs as the METI (Messaging to Extra-Terrestrial Intelligence Projects).

These seven messages have targeted stars between 20 and 69 light-years from the Earth. The exception is the Arecibo message, which targeted globular cluster M13, approximately 24,000 light-years away. The first message to reach its destination will be A Message From Earth, which should reach the Gliese 581 planetary system in Libra in 2029.

On 13 February 2015, scientists (including Geoffrey Marcy, Seth Shostak, Frank Drake, David Grinspoon and David Brin) at a convention of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, discussed Active SETI and whether transmitting a message to possible intelligent extraterrestrials in the Cosmos was a good idea;[7][8] one result was a statement, (which was not signed by Seth Shostak or Frank Drake), that a "worldwide scientific, political and humanitarian discussion must occur before any message is sent".[9]

Current transmissions en route

Stars to which messages were sent include:

Star Designation Constellation Date sent Arrival date Message
Messier 13NGC 6205HerculesNovember 16, 197425974 approx.Arecibo message
16 Cyg AHD 186408CygnusMay 24, 19992069, November Cosmic Call 1
15 SgeHD 190406SagittaJune 30, 19992057, February
 ?HD 178428SagittaJune 30, 19992067, October
Gl 777HD 190360CygnusJuly 1, 19992051, April
 ?HD 197076DelphinusAugust 29, 20012070, February Teen Age Message
47 UMaHD 95128Ursa MajorSeptember 3, 20012047, July
37 GemHD 50692GeminiSeptember 3, 20012057, December
 ?HD 126053VirgoSeptember 3, 20012059, January
 ?HD 76151HydraSeptember 4, 20012057, May
 ?HD 193664DracoSeptember 4, 20012059, January
 ?HIP 4872CassiopeiaJuly 6, 20032036, April Cosmic Call 2
 ?HD 245409OrionJuly 6, 20032040, August
55 CncHD 75732CancerJuly 6, 20032044, May
 ?HD 10307AndromedaJuly 6, 20032044, September
47 UMaHD 95128Ursa MajorJuly 6, 20032049, May
PolarisHIP 11767Ursa MinorFebruary 4, 20082439Across the Universe
Gliese 581HIP 74995LibraOctober 9, 20082029A Message From Earth
Gliese 581HIP 74995LibraAugust 28, 20092030Hello From Earth
PolarisHIP 11767Ursa MinorOctober 10, 20162450A Simple Response to an Elemental Message
Luyten's StarHIP 36208Canis MinorOctober 16-18, 2017;
May 14-16, 2018		2030, MarchSónar Calling GJ273b

Along with serious IRM projects, a bulk of pseudo-METI[10] projects also exist:

  • Poetica Vaginal (1986)[11]
  • Discovery Channel Message (2005)
  • Craigslist Messages (2005),[12] (2005)[13]
  • CNES Cosmic Connexion (2006)[14]
  • Doritos Advert (2008)[15]
  • RuBisCo Message (2009)[16]
  • Sent Forever,[17]
  • Penguin UK[18]

References
  1. An Awkward History of Our Space Transmissions
  2. Reply To 'WOW! Signal' Gets Beamed Into Space
  3. "A Simple Response". European Space Agency official website. 28 July 2016. Retrieved 6 October 2016.
  4. "How to send a message to another planet". The Economist. 16 November 2017. Retrieved 19 November 2017.
  5. "Sónar Calling GJ 273b". Sónar Calling. Sónar Music Festival. Retrieved 1 May 2021.
  6. Wielen, R.; Jahreiß, H.; Dettbarn, C.; Lenhardt, H.; Schwan, H. (2000). "Polaris: Astrometric orbit, position, and proper motion". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 360: 399. arXiv:astro-ph/0002406. Bibcode:2000A&A...360..399W.
  7. Borenstein, Seth (of AP News) (13 February 2015). "Should We Call the Cosmos Seeking ET? Or Is That Risky?". New York Times. Retrieved 14 February 2015.
  8. Ghosh, Pallab (12 February 2015). "Scientist: 'Try to contact aliens'". BBC News. Retrieved 12 February 2015.
  9. Various (13 February 2015). "Statement - Regarding Messaging To Extraterrestrial Intelligence (METI) / Active Searches For Extraterrestrial Intelligence (Active SETI)". University of California, Berkeley. Retrieved 14 February 2015.
  10. Cooper, Keith (2010-05-03), SETI: Cosmic Call, Astronomy Now, archived from the original on 2015-05-26, retrieved 2010-05-05
  11. Gibbs, W. Wayt (2001), "Art as a Form of Life", Scientific American, 284 (4): 40–41, Bibcode:2001SciAm.284d..40G, doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0401-40
  12. Deep Space Network Frequently Asked Questions, Deep Space Communications Network, archived from the original on 2010-01-04
  13. List in Space: Calling the Cosmos Gets Commercial, Space_com, 23 March 2005
  14. Connecting with the Cosmos, CNES, 2006-01-26, archived from the original on 2010-05-13
  15. Doritos Makes History With World's First ET Advert, Spacedaily.com, 2008-06-13
  16. Chandler, David L. (2009-11-24), ET: Check your voicemail, MIT News
  17. Harris, Mark (2009-09-16), Is Sent Forever the worst Apollo 11 tie-in?, TechRadar, archived from the original on 2010-03-02
  18. Colvile, Robert (2010-02-09), Calling ET: Your chance to send a message to alien life, The Daily Telegraph, archived from the original on 2010-02-11
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