Iris verna

Iris verna, the dwarf violet iris, is a species of flowering plant in the iris family (Iridaceae).[1] It is endemic to the eastern United States from Maryland to Florida along the Atlantic Coast, west to Mississippi, and inland to Kentucky, Tennessee, and Ohio.[2][3][4] It occurs in nutrient-poor acidic soils of open to semi-shaded woodlands.[3]

Iris verna
A blooming clump of Iris verna var. smalliana
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Order: Asparagales
Family: Iridaceae
Genus: Iris
Subgenus: Iris subg. Limniris
Section: Iris sect. Limniris
Series: Iris ser. Vernae
Species:
I. verna
Binomial name
Iris verna

Description

Iris verna is a small herbaceous, perennial flowering plant. It forms colonies through its deeply-buried underground rhizomes. It blooms in spring and generally has light to deep blue or violet inflorescence, although rare white forms are known. The sepals have a golden yellow signal.[5]

It can be distinguished from the similar-looking Iris cristata, which occurs over much of its range, by a number of characters. Iris verna lacks the crested ridges that are found on the sepals of Iris cristata, and its flowers are strongly fragrant (Iris cristata is not strongly fragrant). In addition, the leaves of Iris verna are narrower and straighter than those of Iris cristata, and it has rhizomes that are deeply buried (as opposed to the shallow rhizomes of Iris cristata).[6]

Taxonomy

Two varieties are recognized:[3][7]

  • Iris verna var. verna – Native primarily to the Coastal Plain and extending into the Piedmont; with longer rhizomes and thus very loosely clump forming, and with narrower leaves.[6]
  • Iris verna var. smalliana – More widespread, although most common in mountainous areas; strongly clump forming, and with wider leaves.
  • Variety smalliana is tightly clumped, with leaves 5–13 mm wide
    Variety smalliana is tightly clumped, with leaves 5–13 mm wide

References
  1. USDA, NRCS (n.d.). "Iris verna". The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov). Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team. Retrieved 7 February 2018.
  2. "Iris verna". County-level distribution map from the North American Plant Atlas (NAPA). Biota of North America Program (BONAP). 2014. Retrieved 7 February 2018.
  3. Iris verna Flora of North America
  4. Tom S. Cooperrider, Allison Cusick, John T. Kartesz (Editors) Catalogue of the Vascular Plants of Ohio&pg=PA92 agWRx_4tfLoC , p. 92, at Google Books
  5. "Iris verna var. verna: Coastal Plain Dwarf Violet Iris". US Forest service. Retrieved 2013-09-12.
  6. Alan Weakley (2015). "Flora of the Southern and Mid-Atlantic States".
  7. "Iris verna". The University of Texas at Austin. Retrieved 2013-09-12.
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