JL-2

The JL-2 (Chinese: 巨浪-2; pinyin: Jù Làng Èr; lit. 'Giant Wave 2', NATO reporting name CSS-N-14) is a Chinese second-generation intercontinental-range submarine-launched ballistic missile (SLBM) deployed on the People's Liberation Army Navy's (PLAN) Type 094 submarines. It succeeds the JL-1 SLBM deployed on the Type 092 submarine.[7]

Julang-2 (JL-2)
TypeSLBM
Place of originPeople's Republic of China
Service history
In serviceActive as of 2015[1]
Used byPeople's Liberation Army Navy
Specifications
Mass42,000 kilograms (93,000 lb)[2]
Length13 metres (43 ft)[2]
Warheadsingle[3] or 1-3 MIRV[4] or 3-8 MIRV nuclear warhead[2]
Blast yield1 megaton of TNT (4.2 PJ) single,[5] or 1-3 MIRV [4] 20/90/150kt MIRV[2]
PropellantSolid-fuel rocket[3]
Operational
range
7,200 km (4,500 mi)[6]
Guidance
system
Astro-inertial[5] with Beidou[2]
Launch
platform
Type 094 submarine[7]

The JL-2 provides China with its first viable sea-based nuclear deterrent.[7]

Development

The JL-2 is a naval variant of the land-based DF-31.[8][9] Their common 2-metre diameter solid fuel rocket motor was successfully tested in late 1983,[8] and research and development efforts were reorganized starting in 1985 to produce both missiles.[9]

The first JL-2 at-sea launch occurred in 2001 from a Type 031 submarine.[8][9] The program was delayed after a failed test in 2004.[8] Successful launches occurred in 2005 and 2008. The missile was successfully fired from a Type 094 submarine, the intended operational platform, for the first time in 2009.[8] A series of test launches occurred in 2012.[10][11] Another test launch occurred in January 2015.[12]

During the development of the missile, it was reported that China was considering modifying the missile to accommodate an anti-satellite warhead to give it a sea-based anti-satellite capability.[13]

Type 094 deterrence patrols with JL-2 missiles began in December 2015.[1]

As of 2017, 48 JL-2 launchers are deployed on submarines.[3]

Description

The JL-2 is a three-stage, solid-fuelled missile,[3] with a maximum range of 7,200 km (4,500 mi).[6] Its payload is a single[3] 1 Megaton warhead[5] or 3-8 MIRVs with yields of 20, 90, or 150kt.[2]

See also

References

Citations
  1. Fisher, Richard D. Jr. (16 December 2015). "China advances sea- and land-based nuclear deterrent capabilities". Jane's Defence Weekly. Surrey, UK: Jane's Information Group. 53 (6). ISSN 0265-3818.
  2. https://missilethreat.csis.org/missile/jl-2/ CSIS Missile Threat - JL-2
  3. National Air and Space Intelligence Center (2017: 33)
  4. "Chinese Navy has now six Type 094A Jin-class nuclear powered ballistic missile submarines".
  5. Rahmat, Ridzwan (25 March 2014). "PACOM chief says China will deploy long-range nuclear missiles on subs this year". janes.com. Archived from the original on 30 March 2014. Retrieved 26 January 2015.
  6. United States Department of Defense (2018: 38)
  7. United States Department of Defense (2018: 29)
  8. "JL-2 (CSS-NX-14)". Globalsecurity.org. 20 April 2014. Retrieved 26 January 2015.
  9. Lewis, Jeffrey (25 June 2005). "JL-2 SLBM Flight Test". armscontrolwonk.com. Archived from the original on 15 December 2012. Retrieved 26 January 2015.
  10. United States Department of Defense (May 2013). Annual Report To Congress: Military and Security Developments Involving the People's Republic of China 2013 (PDF) (Report). p. 31. Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 January 2015. Retrieved 24 January 2015.
  11. Gertz, Bill (21 August 2012). "Ready To Launch: China conducts rare flight test of new submarine-launched missile". The Washington Free Beacon. Retrieved 15 January 2013.
  12. Gertz, Bill (18 February 2015). "China conducts JL-2 sub missile test". The Washington Times. Retrieved 10 March 2015.
  13. Gertz, Bill (18 January 2008). "Submarine ASAT". Washington Post.

Sources
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