Jafar Sultan revolt

The Jafar Sultan revolt (Kurdish: شۆڕشی جافر سان, Persian: شورش جعفر سلطان) refers to a Kurdish tribal revolt in Pahlavi Iran which erupted in 1931,[1] and was one of the early tribal-nationalist Kurdish revolts against central Iranian rule during the early stage of Kurdish separatism in Iran.

Jafar Sultan revolt

Part of the Kurdish separatism in Iran

Date	Autumn 1931[1][2]
Location	Hewraman, North-Western Iran
Result	Revolt suppressed

Belligerents

Jafar Sultan's Kurdish rebels

Iran

Commanders and leaders

Jafar Sultan

Haj Ali Razmara

Kurdish separatism in Iran
1918–1945 1st Simko 2nd Simko Jafar Sultan Hama Rashid 1945–1979 Republic of Mahabad 1946 crisis 1967 revolt 1979–present 1979 rebellion KDPI insurgency February 1999 Kurdish protests PJAK insurrection Mahabad riots 2016–present West Iran clashes 2018 Democrat Castle missile strike

Background

Jafar Sultan of Hewraman region took control of the area between Marivan and north of Halabja and remained independent until 1925. Jafar Sultan is seen as the ”head” of the royal sultan family (Lohoni, Lahoni) From 1927-34 a number of Kurdish tribal uprisings erupted in the Hewraman and Meriwan regions.[3] In 1926 Iranian forces fighting insurgents in the Pizhdar, Hewraman and Meriwan areas executed all prisoners in an unprecedented act of brutality, likely among the factors that caused 31 Kurdish chieftains in the region to ask for British protection.[3]

References

Berch Berberoglu. Turmoil in the Middle East: Imperialism, War, and Political Instability. p86.
Gérard Chaliand. A People Without a Country: The Kurds and Kurdistan. p105,249.
David McDowall. A Modern History of the Kurds: Third Edition. p225.

List of modern conflicts in the Middle East
1910s	Italo-Turkish War World War I Middle Eastern theatre Arab Revolt Armenian genocide Assyrian genocide Mount Lebanon starvation Unification of Saudi Arabia Simko Shikak revolt 1919 Egyptian Revolution Turkish War of Independence Greco-Turkish War Turkish–Armenian War Franco-Turkish War Revolts Mahmud Barzanji revolts
1920s	Franco-Syrian War Iraqi Revolt (1920) Intercommunal conflict in Mandatory Palestine Adwan Rebellion Arab separatism in Khuzestan Great Syrian Revolt Sheikh Said rebellion
1930s	Ararat rebellion Ahmed Barzani revolt Simele massacre Saudi–Yemeni War (1934) Goharshad Mosque rebellion 1935–1936 Iraqi Shia revolts 1935 Yazidi revolt 1936–1939 Arab revolt in Palestine Dersim rebellion
1940s	World War II Italian bombing of Palestine Allied invasion of Iraq Syria–Lebanon campaign Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran 1943 Barzani revolt Alwaziri coup Al-Wathbah uprising Kurdish separatism in Iran Iran crisis of 1946 Arab–Israeli conflict 1948 Arab–Israeli War Suez Crisis 1967 Six-Day War 1973 Yom Kippur War 1982 Lebanon War
1950s	1952 Egyptian Revolution 1953 Iranian coup d'état Jebel Akhdar War Cyprus Emergency Suez Crisis Yemeni–Adenese clan violence 1958 Lebanon crisis 1958 Iraqi revolution 1959 Mosul uprising
1960s	Cyprus crisis of 1963–1964 Iraqi–Kurdish conflict First Iraqi–Kurdish War Second Iraqi–Kurdish War Dhofar Rebellion North Yemen Civil War Feb. 1963 Iraqi coup Mar. 1963 Syrian coup Nov. 1963 Iraqi coup Aden Emergency 1964 Hama riot Israeli–Palestinian conflict 1948 Palestine war First Intifada Second Intifada 1966 Syrian coup d'état
1970s	Black September in Jordan Yemenite War of 1972 Turkish invasion of Cyprus Shatt al-Arab clashes Lebanese Civil War Political violence in Turkey Islamist uprising in Syria 1977 Shia uprising in Iraq NDF Rebellion Yemenite War of 1979 Iranian Revolution Consolidation of the Iranian Revolution 1979 Qatif Uprising Grand Mosque seizure 1979–1980 Shia uprising in Iraq
1980s	Iran–Iraq War 1980 Turkish coup d'état Kurdish–Turkish conflict Turkey–PKK conflict South Yemen Civil War 1986 Egyptian conscripts riot 1986 Damascus bombings Mecca massacre Abu Nidal's executions
1990s	Gulf War (1990–1991) 1991 Iraqi uprisings Terror campaign in Egypt (1990s) Yemeni Civil War (1994) Iraqi Kurdish Civil War Islamic insurgency in Saudi Arabia (2000–present) Operation Desert Fox al-Qaeda insurgency in Yemen 1999 Shia uprising in Iraq
2000s	Iraq War Balochi insurgency in Iran 2004 Qamishli riots Houthi insurgency in Yemen Iran–Israel proxy conflict 2006 Lebanon War Fatah–Hamas conflict South Yemen insurgency
2010s	2011 Bahraini uprising Egyptian Crisis Sinai insurgency Insurgency in Egypt (2013–present) Syrian civil war Turkish involvement in Syria Syrian War spillover in Lebanon Iraqi insurgency (2011–2013) War in Iraq (2013–2017) Islamic State insurgency in Iraq (2017–present) Yemeni crisis Yemeni civil war (2014–present)
2020s	2021 Beirut clashes
This list includes World War I and later conflicts (after 1914) of at least 100 fatalities each Prolonged conflicts are listed in the decade when initiated; ongoing conflicts are marked italic, and conflicts with +100,000 killed with bold.

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Jafar Sultan revolt

Background

See also

References