Jerusalem Road 20

The route begins at Highway 50 (Begin Boulevard) at the new Benzion Netanyahu Interchange[5] just west of the Beit Hanina neighborhood of Jerusalem. From there the route traverses a bridge over the Atarot Stream.[6] East of the bridge, the route connects to the existing Abdul Hamid Shoman Street (Road 4197) 0.5 km before the intersection with the north-south Jerusalem Road 21. Originally a 2-lane road, Shoman Street has been upgraded as a 4 lane divided boulevard including new sidewalks and infrastructure.

At the intersection with Taha Hussein and Al-Ma'mun Streets, where Shoman Street originally veered east-southeast to become Hizma Road,[7] new lanes were constructed to create the Hizma Bypass curving 200 meters to the north.[8] This new section of Shoman Street has three traffic-light controlled intersections, at Hussein and Ma'mun Streets, at Beit Hanina Road and at Maximos Sayegh Street. Two other cross streets, Faidi al-Alami Street and al-Hilal Street, were split with pedestrian bridges to provide access across the boulevard. 200 meters east of Maximos Sayegh Street, Shoman Street rejoins the original Hizma Road (Road 4197).

Another 200 meters east, Jerusalem Road 20 ends at Highway 60 (Uzi Narkis Road). From that point, the road continues as Amihai "Gidi" Paglin Street and Sayeret Duchifat Boulevard as it enters Pisgat Zeev, leading to the Hizma security checkpoint to Route 437 and the Mateh Binyamin Region.

In the late 1990s, the Israel Ministry of Transport planned to construct Highway 45 from Highway 1 near Ben Gurion International Airport through the West Bank passing slightly north of Beit Horon and Beit Ur al-Fauqa to the Atarot Industrial Park in Jerusalem.[9] The current Route 443, just south of these towns, has put that plan on hold, leaving a small portion of Highway 45 between Givat Zeev and Atarot completed in 2003.[10] Furthermore, an easterly extension was envisioned which would continue from Atarot and connect with Route 437 and the Eastern Ring Road. Additionally, 45 was eventually supposed to reach the border with Jordan north of the Dead Sea.[2][11][12] The construction of the Security Wall along the right of way of Highway 45 just east of Atarot made that plan unworkable. Another east-west route would be needed to reach Route 437.

Road 20 was first approved in 2005 as a replacement to the central portion of Highway 45 pending future developments. In 2010, the planning committee of Israel's West Bank Civil Administration accepted a plan to create the route using exiting roads and new construction.[13] In 2011, the Hizma Road bypass was built. At the same time, Shoman Street was upgraded and the extension of Shoman Street to what was preliminarily called the 50/20 Interchange connecting with Begin Boulevard was begun.[14] The extension and interchange were completed in May, 2013. The interchange was officially renamed after Benzion Netanyahu, the Israeli historian.[5]

Construction of Road 20 was not without controversy. The stated official purpose of the road is to ease traffic congestion at Sha'ar Mizrach Junction of Highway 60 and Highway 1. The road provides an alternative route for residents of Beit Hanina, Shu'afat, Pisgat Zeev and Neve Yaakov via Highway 50 (Begin Boulevard) southward to central Jerusalem and northward to Route 443 to Tel Aviv. Groups such as Peace Now have stated that the plan designates occupied territory for permanent infrastructure and that the purpose of the road is to consolidate Israeli control over (North) East Jerusalem while disregarding the needs of the residents in Beit Hanina. The planning committee rejected opposition from Beit Hanina on the grounds that direct access to Begin Boulevard would benefit them and found an engineering solution in the form of a bridge to limit the footprint on West Bank land from the extension to the interchange.[13]

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