Jet (magazine)

Jet is an American weekly digital magazine focusing on news, culture, and entertainment related to the African-American community. Founded in November 1951 by John H. Johnson of the Johnson Publishing Company in Chicago, Illinois,[3][4] the magazine was billed as "The Weekly Negro News Magazine". Jet chronicled the civil rights movement from its earliest years, including the murder of Emmett Till, the Montgomery bus boycott, and the activities of civil rights leader Martin Luther King Jr.

Jet
February 14, 1952, cover with Acquanetta
Former editorsMitzi Miller, Mira Lowe, Sylvia P. Flanagan, Robert E. Johnson
CategoriesNews magazine
Frequencyonline, formerly a print weekly
PublisherEbony Media Operations, LLC
(2016–present)
Johnson Publishing Company
(1951–2016)
Total circulation
(June, 2014)		(June 2012) 1.1 million
720,000[1]
FounderJohn H. Johnson
First issueNovember 1, 1951 (1951-11-01)
Final issueJune 2014 (2014-06) (print)
continuing in digital (2014)
CountryUnited States
Based inLos Angeles, California, U.S.[2]
LanguageEnglish
Websitejetmag.com
ISSN0021-5996

Jet was printed from November 1, 1951, in digest-sized format in all or mostly black-and-white until its December 27, 1999, issue. In 2009, Jet expanded one of the weekly issues to a double issue published once each month. Johnson Publishing Company struggled with the same loss of circulation and advertising as other magazines and newspapers in the digital age, and the final print issue of Jet was published on June 23, 2014, continuing solely as a digital magazine app.[5][1] In 2016, Johnson Publishing sold Jet and its sister publication Ebony to private equity firm Clear View Group. As of the date of sale, the publishing company is known as Ebony Media Corporation.[6]

History

Early history

The first issue of Jet was published on November 1, 1951, by John H. Johnson in Chicago, Illinois.[7] Johnson called his magazine Jet because he wanted the name to symbolize "Black and speed". In Jet's first issue, Johnson wrote, "In the world today everything is moving along at a faster clip. There is more news and far less time to read it."[7][8] Jet's goal was to provide "news coverage on happenings among Negroes all over the U.S.—in entertainment, politics, sports, social events as well as features on unusual personalities, places and events."[8] Redd Foxx called the magazine "the Negro bible".[9]

1952–2014

Jet became nationally known in 1955 for its shocking and graphic coverage of the murder of Emmett Till. Its popularity was enhanced by its continuing coverage of the burgeoning civil rights movement.[9] The publication of Till's brutalized corpse within the September 22, 1955 [10] issue inspired the black community to address racial violence, catalyzing the civil rights movement. Some of the popular models of Jet during this era included Vera Francis and Nancy Westbrook.[11] The Johnson Publishing Company's campaign for economic, political and social justice influenced its inclusion of progressive views.[12] From 1970 to 1975, Jet challenged conservative readers' anti-abortion stance by giving physicians who performed abortions a platform to discuss scientific facts about abortion procedures.[13]

2014–present

In May 2014, the publication announced the print edition would be discontinued and switch to a digital format in June.[14]

Changes in ownership

In June 2016, after 71 years, Jet and its sister publication Ebony were sold by Johnson Publishing to Clear View Group, an Austin, Texas-based private equity firm, for an undisclosed amount but the sale did not include the photo archives.[15] In July 2019, three months after Johnson Publishing filed for Chapter 7 Bankruptcy liquidation, it sold its historic Jet and Ebony photo archives to a consortium of foundations to be made available to the public.[16][17]

In 2020, Ulysses “Junior” Bridgeman, a former NBA basketball player, became the new owner of Ebony Media's assets for $14 million in a bid out of a Houston bankruptcy court. Bridgeman placed a bid of $14 million to take ownership of the company. His sports and media group has hired Michele Ghee as Jet and Ebony magazine's new CEO.[18]

Content

Jet coverage includes: fashion and beauty tips, entertainment news, dating advice, political coverage, health tips, and diet guides, in addition to covering events such as fashion shows. The cover photo usually corresponds to the focus of the main story. Cover stories might be a celebrity's wedding, Mother's Day, or a recognition of the achievements of a notable African American.

Jet also claims to give young female adults confidence and strength because the women featured therein are strong and successful without the help of a man. Since 1952, Jet has had a full-page feature called "Beauty of the Week". This feature includes a photograph of an African-American woman in a swimsuit (either one-piece or two-piece, but never nude), along with her name, place of residence, profession, hobbies, and interests. Many of the women are not professional models and submit their photographs for the magazine's consideration.

Similar to Essence, Jet routinely deplores racism in mainstream media, especially its negative depictions of black men and women. However, Hazell and Clarke report that between 2003 and 2004, Jet and Essence themselves ran advertising that was pervaded with racism and white supremacy.[19] Jet has published colorist advertisements in the past. An advertisement for Nadinola, a bleaching cream, appeared in an issue published in 1955. It depicts a light-skinned woman as the center of men's attention.[20]

Notable people
  • Robert C. Farrell (born 1936), journalist and member of the Los Angeles City Council, 1974–91, Jet correspondent
  • Robert E. Johnson (born August 13, 1922, in Montgomery, Alabama; died January, 1996, in Chicago) was associate publisher and executive editor of Jet. He joined the Jet staff in February 1953, two years after it was founded by publisher John H. Johnson. He was one of the longest serving editors of Jet.

Awards and recognition

References
  1. "Jet to stop printing weekly, change to digital app". The Washington Post. AP. May 7, 2014. Archived from the original on May 16, 2014.
  2. Robert Channick (May 5, 2017). "Ebony cuts a third of its staff, moving editorial operations to LA". Chicagotribune.com. Retrieved June 8, 2019.
  3. "From Negro Digest to Ebony, Jet and EM". Ebony. Johnson Publishing Company. November 1992. pp. 50–55.
  4. Almanac. (2006, 12). American History, 41, 11–13.
  5. "Jet Magazine – Final Print Edition". Ebony Jet Shop. June 23, 2014. Archived from the original on August 18, 2016. Retrieved November 29, 2016.
  6. "Ebony Jet Sold!". The Chicago Defender. June 16, 2016. Archived from the original on June 17, 2016. Retrieved November 29, 2016.
  7. "From Negro Digest to Ebony, Jet and EM". Ebony. Johnson Publishing Company. November 1992. pp. 50–55.
  8. "Jet". Jet. Johnson Publishing Company: 67. November 1, 1951. ISSN 0021-5996. Retrieved January 7, 2013.
  9. Paul Finkelman (February 12, 2009). Encyclopedia of African American History. Oxford University Press. p. 25. ISBN 978-0-19-516779-5. Retrieved January 7, 2013.
  10. Company, Johnson Publishing (September 22, 1955). Jet. Johnson Publishing Company.
  11. Clemens, Samuel. "Pageantry", Lulu Press. August 2022
  12. Patton, June O. (September 22, 2005). "Remembering John H. Johnson, 1918–2005". Journal of African American History. 90 (4): 456–457. doi:10.1086/JAAHv90n4p456. S2CID 141214280. Retrieved December 1, 2019 – via Gale Academic OneFile.
  13. Lumsden, Linda (October 2009). ""Women's Lib Has No Soul"?: Analysis of Women's Movement Coverage in Black Periodicals, 1968–73". Journalism History. 35 (3): 118–130. doi:10.1080/00947679.2009.12062794. S2CID 197649396.
  14. "Jet magazine ending print edition, moving to digital only". CNN. May 7, 2014. Retrieved March 12, 2017.
  15. Channick, Robert. "Johnson Publishing sells Ebony, Jet magazines to Texas firm". chicagotribune.com. Retrieved March 12, 2017.
  16. "Rare look inside the Ebony and Jet magazine photo archive that just sold for $30M". CBS News. July 26, 2019. Retrieved July 27, 2019.
  17. Noyes, Chandra (July 29, 2019). "Foundations Unite to Save Ebony Magazine Archives". artandobject.com. Journalistic, Inc. Retrieved August 3, 2019.
  18. "Michele Ghee Named CEO of EBONY and JET MAGAZINE". Black Enterprise. January 19, 2021. Retrieved April 2, 2022.
  19. Hazell, Vanessa; Clarke, Juanne (2008). "Race and Gender in the Media: A Content Analysis of Advertisements in Two Mainstream Black Magazines". Journal of Black Studies. 39 (1): 5–21. doi:10.1177/0021934706291402. JSTOR 40282545. S2CID 144876832.
  20. Shepard, Jazmyn (2019). "Jet Magazine: Celebrating Black Female Beauty". XULAneXUS. 16 (2).
  21. "Baltimore Afro-American", Encyclopedia of African American Society, SAGE Publications, Inc., 2005, doi:10.4135/9781412952507.n57, ISBN 978-0-7619-2764-8
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