Jeux sans frontières

Jeux sans frontières (pronounced [ʒø sɑ̃ fʁɔ̃tjɛʁ]; "Games Without Borders" in French) is a Europe-wide television game show, based on the French programme Intervilles which was first broadcast in 1962. It was broadcast from 1965 to 1999 under the auspices of the European Broadcasting Union (EBU), which owned the format.

Jeux sans frontières
Title card
GenreGame show
Created byGuy Lux
Claude Savarit
Based onIntervilles
JudgesSee below
Theme music composerJacques Revaux
Original languagesEnglish and French
No. of episodes30 editions
Production
Production locationHeld around Europe
Production companiesEuropean Broadcasting Union (1965–1999)
Release
Original release26 May 1965 (1965-05-26) 
23 September 1999 (1999-09-23)
Related
It's a Knockout

In non French-speaking countries, the show had alternative titles.[lower-alpha 1] It is also widely known as It's a Knockout, the title of the BBC's domestic version and national selection for the programme.

History

The idea of the show came from French President Charles de Gaulle, whose wish was that French and German youth would meet in a series of games to reinforce the friendship between France and Germany.[1] In 1965, Guy Lux and Claude Savarit spread this idea to other European countries. Teams representing France, West Germany, Belgium, and Italy took part in the first edition of the show called Inter Nations Games.

At the height of its popularity, the show was watched by 110 million viewers across Europe. The original series run ended in 1982. It was revived in 1988 with a different complexion of nations and in its latest editions was hosted by smaller broadcasters, with the notable exception of Italy's RAI, which hosted three editions with a fixed location in 1996, 1998 and 1999.

Format

In its original conception, teams from Belgium, France, West Germany and Italy competed each week in head-to-head competition between two cities/towns from two of the four competing nations. There would be sports events, but also studio based quizzes each week. Eventually, all teams will have competed against each other and the team with the highest cumulative points for each nation from the series would meet in two semi-finals, with the two winners meeting in the final. The first series in 1965 ended in a tie between Belgian town Ciney and French town St. Amand. A similar format followed in the longer 1966 series with more towns competing from each of the four nations.

The more familiar format began in 1967, when teams from Great Britain and Switzerland joined the competition and towns only appeared once in the series heats with each heat being hosted by one of the participant nations, culminating in a grand final. The quiz element was abandoned and the games became more comical (though none-the-less technically difficult), and began to be played in outlandish costumes (often large foam latex suits) with the contestants competing to complete bizarre tasks in funny games. The teams could not choose which of their members played each game. A draw was held to determine the game participants who were then allowed to rehearse the game once ahead of the broadcast recording. Each of the teams received a score for each game, which were umpired by one or two "international" judges (supported by referees from the participant countries), with the winner of each heat being awarded a silver trophy. The two judges/referees who became synonymous with the series were Swiss nationals Gennaro Olivieri and Guido Pancaldi, who were together on the show from 1966 to 1982. Pancaldi returned for the revived series in 1988.

Typically, the programmes were staged outdoors during the European summer months, although occasionally (such as the Dutch heat in 1971 staged at the Ahoy Sports Arena[2]) the competition took place indoors. Historic market squares or the grounds of famous buildings were often used for the settings, although the surrounds of swimming pools or quay sides for lakes or the sea were very commonly used. The outdoor settings meant that bad weather could often have an impact on the competition, but the games took place regardless of hostile weather conditions. Infamously, a freak storm suddenly hit the 1970 Grand Final staged in the Verona Amphitheatre, leading to the unprotected audience having to flee from the torrential rain and the presenters being stranded without protection, but the show continued.[3]

The series culminated in a grand final, with the most successful team for each nation from the series participating. Each finalist would qualify by winning their heat. If a country won more than one heat, the highest scoring winning team for that nation would go to the final. Any nation that had not won a heat would be represented by the highest scoring team that placed second. Occasionally, this meant that a team with a higher score, but had finished lower than second would be displaced by a lower scoring team who'd achieved a second place. In the rare event that none of the nation's teams had achieved a win or second place in any heat (such as GB 1967, France 1968 or Portugal 1979), then the highest scoring team regardless of place would participate in the final. Each participating country hosted one heat of the games, presented by the host broadcaster, with a rotation as to which of the nations hosted the grand final. The winner of the grand final would receive a gold trophy, with the runner up receiving silver and the third placed team bronze. It was not uncommon for nations to win the grand final with a team that had not won their heat or indeed for nations to win that had not won any heats at all. The Swiss won the grand final in both 1972 and 1974, the Germans in 1977, the Italians in 1978, the Portuguese in 1980 and the British in 1981 all with teams that had finished second in their heats and with none of their teams winning any heats at all. Portugal won the 1980 series trophy without ever having previously won any heats at all in either of their two series to date. The Swiss were twice series winners in 1972 and 1974 despite not winning a single heat in any series for four consecutive series from 1971 to 1974.

Only Belgium and Italy competed in the original series from start to finish (1965–1982). France participated in the 1968 series, but due to industrial action with French television, they were unable to broadcast any of the series domestically; also having to cancel hosting their designated heat. Germany hosted two heats that season in place of the French edition. With the strike action continuing, no French teams participated in the 1969 series at all. Liechtenstein participated in the series once, replacing the Swiss for the seventh and final heat in the 1976 series, designated as FL rather than CH for the episode. It had been agreed that should the team from Liechtenstein win their heat, they would be allowed to compete in the Grand Final alongside the best Swiss team. This proved immaterial when Liechtenstein finished fourth of the seven teams in the heat. A team from Derry represented Britain in the German heat of the 1978 series and were designated as NI rather than GB for that episode.

Dutch TV (who joined the competition for the 1970 series) became the first nation to permanently withdraw from the competition at the end of the 1977 series, having never won the series final. Flemish TV in Belgium carried all the series live, whereas Dutch TV recorded the episodes for later transmission (as did many others). Ratings were thus very low in the Netherlands as most viewers had already watched the show with Dutch commentary live from Flemish TV earlier. The Dutch were replaced in the series by Yugoslavia from 1978, who likewise, were never the series champions. Portugal joined in 1979, but Germany left the competition after the 1980 series due to falling ratings. It was agreed to end the contest before the commencement of the 1982 series, which ended with the first outright series win for original participant nation Belgium, but it was later revived with a different set of competing nations in 1988.

Some episodes started being produced and broadcast in colour beginning in 1968, but it wasn't until the 1970 series that the entire series was produced in colour. However, some broadcasters, notably the French and Italians, continued to broadcast the episodes domestically in monochrome for many years, despite producing their own episode in colour. French TV began showing the entire series in colour in 1974, followed by Italy in 1976.

Each heat was presented almost exclusively in the language of the host nation/broadcaster, necessitating commentators explaining and describing the games and state of play to their domestic audiences. This format made the episodes difficult to sell outside of the participants, offering few opportunities to recoup the programme costs from international sales (although the format itself was licensed to many countries). From the late 1970s the BBC was charged with packaging the episodes for international sale including the English/British commentary. This encouraged sales in English speaking nations leading to broadcasts around the world. In some cases, the BBC would add a pre-show introduction from host Stuart Hall and would often trim the show's length from the broadcast version. Some episodes were occasionally cut to one hour editions for international sale.

Points were given for each game based on the ranking of the teams. For example, if there were six teams playing the game, the winner would get six points, with five for the second etc. Each team had to miss one game per episode, but all teams always played the final game. A joker could be played once by each team, which doubled their score for that game. The 'Fil Rouge' round was played individually by each team and after the 1969 series, no joker could be played on that element, although prior to 1970 jokers could be played on the 'Fil Rouge' and until the end of the 1971 series, jokers could also be played on the final game. This meant there were more points available for that game and many countries thus saved their jokers for the final game. The rules were changed from 1972 onwards, forbidding jokers on the last game. Belgium hosted the first heat of the 1972 series, but saved their joker for the final game. When the team captain presented it to the referees at the final game's start, they were told it was not permissible and thus for this heat, Belgium were unable to play their joker at all; the only time any team's joker was not contested. The Belgian team of Spa were too far behind the leading teams for the bonus joker points to have had any impact on the heat winners. With the increase in the number of teams to eight from the 1979 series on, the joker system was changed. Teams had to win the game to get a bonus of six points if they played their joker, with four points for finishing second and two points for finishing third. If they failed to finish in the top three for the game, there were no bonus joker points earned. The 'Fil Rouge' format was changed in 1981 so that all teams competed together in four repetitions of the game, with different team members in each repetition. The teams retained their best score/time from each of the four repetitions to determine the points after the fourth repetition.

Judges

  • Gennaro Olivieri (Swiss, 1965–1982)
  • Guido Pancaldi (Swiss, 1966–1989)
  • Mike Swann (1988–1989)
  • Bernard Galley (1990–1991)
  • Denis Pettiaux (1990–1999)
  • Carlo Pegoraro (1996, 1998–1999)
  • Arthur Ellis (1971–1982)
  • Nenad Romano (1979–1982)
  • Bernhard Galley (1990–1992)
  • Babis Ioanidis (1995–1999)
  • Irini Kamperidiou (1994)
  • Nikos Mperedimas (1993)
  • Beertje van Beers (Dutch, 1997)
  • Lehel Németh (Hungarian, 1993–1995, 1999)
  • Orsolya Hovorka (Hungarian, 1996–1998)
  • Lea Vodušek (Slovenian, 1996–1997, 1999)

Participating countries and wins

Between 1965 and 1999, 20 countries participated in 30 seasons of Jeux sans frontières (considering Czech Republic and Czechoslovakia as separate participants):

Table key
  Former – Former countries that have been dissolved.
Code Country Broadcaster Years of participation Editions Finale wins Heat wins
I Italy Italy RAI 1965–1982, 1988–1999 30 4 (1970, 1978, 1991, 1999) 33
F France France ORTF, Antenne 2, France 2 1965–1968, 1970–1982, 1988–1992, 1997–1999 25 3 (1965, 1975, 1979) 20
CH Switzerland Switzerland SRG SSR 1967–1982, 1992–1999 24 2 (1972, 1974) 24
B Belgium Belgium BRT, RTBF 1965–1982, 1988–1989 20 2 (1965, 1982) 28
D Germany Germany WDR (ARD) 1965–1980 16 6 (1966, 1967, 1968, 1969, 1976, 1977) 31
GB United Kingdom United Kingdom[lower-alpha 2] BBC 1967–1982 16 4 (1969, 1971, 1973, 1981) 12
P Portugal Portugal RTP 1979–1982, 1988–1998 15 5 (1980, 1981, 1988, 1989, 1997) 37
NL Netherlands Netherlands NCRV, TROS 1970–1977, 1997–1998 10 0 13
H Hungary Hungary MTV 1993–1999 7 3 (1993, 1996, 1998) 15
GR Greece Greece ERT 1993–1999 7 0 3
YU Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Yugoslavia JRT 1978–1982, 1990 6 0 9
E Spain Spain TVE 1988, 1990–1992 4 1 (1990) 4
SLO Slovenia Slovenia RTVSLO 1994, 1996–1997, 1999 4 0 8
GB (C) Wales Wales[lower-alpha 3] S4C 1991–1994 4 0 4
CZ Czech Republic Czech Republic ČT 1993–1995 3 2 (1994, 1995) 4
SM San Marino SMRTV 1989–1991 3 0 4
M Malta Malta PBS Malta 1994–1995 2 0 0 (Best: 3rd)
CS Czechoslovakia Czechoslovakia[lower-alpha 4] ČST 1992 1 1 (1992) 2
FL Liechtenstein Liechtenstein[lower-alpha 5] No broadcaster 1976 1 0 0 (Best: 4th)
TU Tunisia Tunisia ERTT 1992 1 0 0 (Best: 2nd)

Each country was assigned a unique colour which it used on its uniforms and equipment. In the original series which ended in 1982, the colours were: Belgium – Yellow; Germany – Light Blue; Great Britain – Red; Italy – Dark Blue; Yugoslavia – White. France were originally assigned Purple, but this changed to Green after 1976. Switzerland were assigned Light Brown, but during the 1979 series, they switched to Red and White combined, confusing their teams with the British participants, necessitating returning to Light Brown in subsequent years, but again, still dressed in red and white for certain heats. The Netherlands were assigned Orange, but when the nation left the series after 1977, the colour was reassigned to Portugal from 1979.

Winning cities

Year Final host town/city Winner Runner-up Third place
1965 Belgium Ciney
France Saint-Amand-les-Eaux
Belgium Ciney
France Saint-Amand-les-Eaux
No runner-up No third place
1966 West Germany Eichstätt
Belgium Jambes
West Germany Eichstätt Belgium Jambes
1967 West Germany Bardenberg West Germany Bardenberg France Nogent-sur-Marne United Kingdom Cheltenham Spa
Italy Montecatini Terme
1968 Belgium Brussels West Germany Osterholz-Scharmbeck Switzerland Stans France Vannes
1969 United Kingdom Blackpool United Kingdom Shrewsbury
West Germany Wolfsburg
No runner-up Belgium Brugge-Zeebrugge
1970 Italy Verona Italy Como Netherlands Alphen aan den Rijn West Germany Radevormwald
1971 West Germany Essen United Kingdom Blackpool Netherlands Alphen aan den Rijn Switzerland Willisau
1972 Switzerland Lausanne Switzerland La Chaux-de-Fonds Italy Città di Castello
Netherlands Venray
No third place
1973 France Paris United Kingdom Ely West Germany Marburg an der Lahn France Chartres
1974 Netherlands Leiden Switzerland Muotathal Italy Marostica France Nancy
1975 Belgium Ypres France Nancy Italy Riccione Belgium Knokke-Heist
1976 United Kingdom Blackpool West Germany Ettlingen Switzerland La Neuveville Belgium Geel
1977 West Germany Ludwigsburg West Germany Schliersee Belgium Uccle Switzerland Olivone
1978 Italy Montecatini Terme Italy Abano Terme United Kingdom Sandwell France Fontainebleau
1979 France Bordeaux France Bar-le-Duc Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Zrenjanin Belgium Lierde
1980 Belgium Namur Portugal Vilamoura United Kingdom Rhuddlan Belgium Merksem
1981 Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Belgrade United Kingdom Dartmouth
Portugal Lisbon
No runner-up Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Pula
1982 Italy Urbino Belgium Rochefort Switzerland Versoix Portugal Madeira
1988 Italy Bellagio Portugal Madeira Belgium Profondeville
Spain Seville
No third place
1989 Portugal Madeira Portugal Azores Italy Monte Argentario France Nice
1990 Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Vrnjačka Banja[4] Spain Jaca Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Bor Italy Treviso
1991 Italy Saint-Vincent Italy Vigevano Portugal Leiria France Megève
1992 Portugal Ponta Delgada Czechoslovakia Třebíč Italy Breuil-Cervinia Portugal Lisbon
1993 Czech Republic Karlovy Vary Hungary Kecskemét Czech Republic Šumperk Switzerland Le Bouveret
1994 Wales Cardiff Czech Republic Česká Třebová Wales Wrexham Switzerland Olivone
1995 Hungary Budapest Czech Republic Brno Hungary Eger Switzerland Vallemaggia
1996 Italy Stupinigi Hungary Kecskemét Portugal Lamego Italy Gran San Bernardo
1997 Portugal Lisbon Portugal Amadora Italy Val di Sole Switzerland Schattdorf
1998 Italy Trento Hungary Százhalombatta Greece Komotini Netherlands Vlieland
1999 Italy Le Castella Italy Bolzano-Südtirol Greece Patras Hungary Budapest XII. District

The 1969 Grand Final ended in a tie between German team Wolfsburg and British team Shrewsbury, who both attained 32 points. Under the rules of the competition, Wolfsburg were declared the series winners as the team had scored higher in the Fil Rouge. However, the Wolfsburg team captain insisted that the trophy should be shared and the judges agreed to award both teams joint first place.

After the final game of the 1981 Grand Final was completed, it appeared GB team Dartmouth had won the series golden trophy. However, after an objection raised by the Portuguese, the referees reviewed the game and the French team were disqualified and placed last for the final game. This gained the Portuguese team of Lisbon an extra point, tying them for series winners with Dartmouth.[5]

Finals results table

Country Gold Silver Bronze 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th
Germany Germany 6 1 2 4 2 1
Portugal Portugal 5 3 1 1 1 2 2
Italy Italy 4 6 5 6 3 2 3 1
United Kingdom United Kingdom 4 2 1 3 4 2
France France 3 1 7 6 3 2 2 1
Hungary Hungary 3 1 1 1 1
Switzerland Switzerland 2 3 6 4 4 3 2
Belgium Belgium 2 3 5 2 3 3 2
Czech Republic Czech Republic 2 1
Spain Spain 1 1 1 1
Czechoslovakia Czechoslovakia 1
Netherlands Netherlands 3 1 1 1 2 2
Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Yugoslavia 2 1 1 1 1
Greece Greece 2 1 2 2
Wales Wales 1 1 1 1
Slovenia Slovenia 2 1 1
San Marino San Marino 2 1
Malta Malta 1 1
Tunisia Tunisia 1
Liechtenstein Liechtenstein[lower-alpha 6]

Winter version

A winter themed spin-off version of the show, usually broadcast during the Christmas period, was a single episode edition contested each year from 1973 until 1981. It was generally alternately staged in Cortina d'Ampezzo, Italy by Rai (1973, 1975, 1976, 1979) and Aviemore, Scotland by the BBC (1974, 1977, 1981). Switzerland hosted the 1978 edition in Villars and Belgium hosted the 1980 edition in Liege.

In the UK, the show was entitled It's a Christmas Knockout!, with the other competing nations naming it Zeskamp Speciaal, Giochi Sotto L'Albero, Jeux de Noël, Weihnachtsspiele and Nyårs Knockout.

The show was hosted around an indoor or outdoor ice-rink or on snowy ground. On more than one occasion, when snow failed to materialise for the recording, artificial snow or foam was used instead. The games would generally be played on ice-skates or skis. Mainly, only four nations participated in the winter edition: Great Britain, Belgium, Italy and the Netherlands (who continued to take part after leaving the main series) and they were joined by a fifth nation, Switzerland that participated in the 1977–1980 editions.

After Jeux Sans Frontieres ended following the 1982 Grand Final, a winter/Christmas edition was recorded featuring teams from Belgium, Great Britain, the Netherlands and Portugal, the latter hosting the event in Praia Dourada, with Belgium winning. A decision was taken not to air the broadcast as it was considered sub-standard, with only Belgian television eventually airing the programme on December 26, 1982. A final edition of the original winter/Christmas themed version was shown at Christmas 1983 in a direct competition between Great Britain and Sweden staged in Aviemore.

When Jeux Sans Frontieres was revived in 1988, the one-off winter edition also returned, variously entitled Jeux Sans Frontieres: Christmas Special, Jeux Sans Frontieres on Ice or Jeux Sans Frontieres in the Snow.

Revival attempts

In 2006, the EBU announced plans to relaunch the series in summer 2007, in collaboration with Mistral Production and Upside Television.[6] Belgium, Croatia, Spain, Greece, Netherlands, Portugal, Slovenia and Italy were thought to be participating countries. However, due to financial setbacks, the plans were put on hold—originally for 12 months, but later they were abandoned altogether.

In December 2016, the EBU in strategic planning for 2017–2020 included a new format based on the show, called Eurovision Super Games, a new attempt to revisit the TV program last aired in 1999.[7] Twelve countries had joined and were involved in the project, a competition between eight countries each represented by four athletes playing a series of mental and physical challenges. The audiences at home would have the possibility to elect the 2 athletes of their country to participate in the proposed challenge. However, due to the lack of financial guarantees, the EBU announced in June 2017 that it would not be created.[8]

2019 revivals

A revival of the show was confirmed on 18 June 2019 at the annual France Télévisions press conference. The revival will be produced by Nagui and broadcast on France 2.[9]

The Italian version aired on Canale 5 from 19 September 2019 to 24 October 2019, with Ilary Blasi and Alvin as hosts.[10][11][12] According to Italian media reports this edition, retitled Eurogames and filmed at Cinecittà World in Rome,[13] was devoted to lighted matches between the teams of Italy, Spain, Germany and Greece alongside newcomers Poland and Russia but did not use the format of the original show.[14] In Spain, six episodes premiered on the streaming service Mitele Plus on 3 January 2020, with Lara Álvarez and Joaquín Prat as hosts.[15]

See also

Notes

  1. German: Spiel Ohne Grenzen; Dutch: Spel Zonder Grenzen; Italian: Giochi Senza Frontiere; Serbo-Croatian: Igre Bez Granica, Игре Без Граница; Slovene: Igre Brez Meja; Spanish: Juegos Sin Fronteras; Portuguese: Jogos Sem Fronteiras; Greek: Παιχνίδια Χωρίς Σύνορα, romanized: Paichnídia Chorís Sýnora; Welsh: Gemau Heb Ffiniau; Hungarian: Játék Határok Nélkül; Czech: Hry Bez Hranic.
  2. When a team from Derry represented Great Britain, they were identified as 'NI' for Northern Ireland rather than GB.
  3. Wales participated from 1991 to 1994 on behalf of the United Kingdom, and were identified by the code GB in mainland Europe and by C (Cymru, the Welsh name for Wales) in Wales itself. Welsh was the transmission language of the participating broadcaster (S4C).
  4. Czechoslovakia participated in 1992 with Czech teams only. There was no Slovak participation in JSF that year.
  5. Liechtenstein participated in 1976, replacing Switzerland in one single heat, and thus using the code FL (instead of CH).
  6. Liechtenstein participated in 1976 in one single heat, but not qualified to the Final.

References

  1. "Intervilles revient: une émission mythique avec ses couacs, chutes et scandales de triche" (in French). RTBF. 19 December 2019.
  2. "Jeux Sans Frontieres 1971 – Rotterdam (Heat 3)" via www.youtube.com.
  3. "Camillo Felgen & Frank Elstner – Spiel ohne Grenzen (Finale in Verona) 1970" via www.youtube.com.
  4. Serbia, RTS, Radio televizija Srbije, Radio Television of. "Zašto je 1990. bila "zlatna" godina za Vrnjačku Banju". www.rts.rs.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  5. "Jeux Sans Frontieres Belgrade 1981 (YU) English Commentary Full Show" via www.youtube.com.
  6. "EBU.CH :: Jeux sans Frontières". 24 December 2006. Archived from the original on 24 December 2006.
  7. "EBU To Launch New Format "Eurovision Super Games"". eurovoix.com. Eurovoix. 12 December 2016. Retrieved 21 July 2019.
  8. Granger, Anthony (26 June 2017). "Eurovision Super Games Will Not Be Created". eurovoix.com. Eurovoix. Retrieved 21 July 2019.
  9. ""Jeux sans frontières" de retour sur France 2 avec Nagui". Le Huffington Post. 18 June 2019. Retrieved 18 June 2019.
  10. ""Torna su Canale 5 Giochi Senza Frontiere: a condurlo sarà Ilary Blasi"". Il Fatto Quotidiano. 16 June 2019. Retrieved 18 June 2019.
  11. "Ascolti TV | Giovedì 19 settembre 2019. Un Passo dal Cielo 18.6%, Eurogames parte dal 16%". DavideMaggio.it (in Italian). Retrieved 20 September 2019.
  12. "Ascolti TV | Giovedì 24 ottobre 2019. Un Passo dal Cielo 19.3%, Eurogames chiude al ribasso (8.2%). La Carrà riparte dal 6.2%". DavideMaggio.it (in Italian). Retrieved 25 October 2019.
  13. ""Games Without Frontiers" is back on Channel 5". www.bitfeed.co. 13 July 2019. Archived from the original on 20 July 2019. Retrieved 20 July 2019.
  14. Granger, Anthony (20 July 2019). "Seven Broadcasters To Take Part in EuroGames?". eurovoix-world.com. Eurovoix.
  15. "Mediaset estrena por sorpresa 'Eurogames' en su plataforma de pago Mitele Plus". eldiario.es (in European Spanish). 3 January 2020. Retrieved 7 January 2020.
  16. "It's a Knockout (Commodore 64)". www.mobygames.com. Patrick Bregger. Retrieved 2 August 2021.
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