Jiajing
Jiajing (Chinese: 嘉靖; pinyin: Jiājìng; Wade–Giles: Chia-ching; lit. 'admirable tranquility'; 28 January 1522 – 8 February 1567) was the era name (nianhao) of the Jiajing Emperor (reigned 1521–1566), the 12th emperor of the Ming dynasty (1368–1644). It was used for a total of 45 years, the second-longest era of the Ming. "Jiajing" was derived from the words 嘉靖殷邦 (Translated: "... but admirably and tranquilly presided over the regions of Yin, ...) in the chapter of Wuyi (無逸, Against Luxurious Ease) in the Book of Documents. When the Jiajing Emperor ascended the throne, the cabinet's candidate era names were the first "Mingliang" (明良; meaning 君明臣良 "the monarch is bright and ministers are good"), followed by "Shaozhi" (紹治; meaning "inheriting the Hongzhi Restoration"), and the third "Jiajing".[1]
On 4 February 1567 (Jiajing 45, 14th day of the 12th month), the Longqing Emperor ascended to the throne and continued to use it. The following year, the era was changed to Longqing.[2]
Comparison table
| Jiajing | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AD | 1522 | 1523 | 1524 | 1525 | 1526 | 1527 | 1528 | 1529 | 1530 | 1531 |
| Gānzhī 干支 |
Rénwǔ 壬午 | Guǐwèi 癸未 | Jiǎshēn 甲申 | Yǐyǒu 乙酉 | Bǐngxū 丙戌 | Dīnghài 丁亥 | Wùzǐ 戊子 | Jǐchǒu 己丑 | Gēngyín 庚寅 | Xīnmǎo 辛卯 |
| Jiajing | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 |
| AD | 1532 | 1533 | 1534 | 1535 | 1536 | 1537 | 1538 | 1539 | 1540 | 1541 |
| Gānzhī 干支 |
Rénchén 壬辰 | Guǐsì 癸巳 | Jiǎwǔ 甲午 | Yǐwèi 乙未 | Bǐngshēn 丙申 | Dīngyǒu 丁酉 | Wùxū 戊戌 | Jǐhài 己亥 | Gēngzǐ 庚子 | Xīnchǒu 辛丑 |
| Jiajing | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 |
| AD | 1542 | 1543 | 1544 | 1545 | 1546 | 1547 | 1548 | 1549 | 1550 | 1551 |
| Gānzhī 干支 |
Rényín 壬寅 | Guǐmǎo 癸卯 | Jiǎchén 甲辰 | Yǐsì 乙巳 | Bǐngwǔ 丙午 | Dīngwèi 丁未 | Wùshēn 戊申 | Jǐyǒu 己酉 | Gēngxū 庚戌 | Xīnhài 辛亥 |
| Jiajing | 31 | 32 | 33 | 34 | 35 | 36 | 37 | 38 | 39 | 40 |
| AD | 1552 | 1553 | 1554 | 1555 | 1556 | 1557 | 1558 | 1559 | 1560 | 1561 |
| Gānzhī 干支 |
Rénzǐ 壬子 | Guǐchǒu 癸丑 | Jiǎyín 甲寅 | Yǐmǎo 乙卯 | Bǐngchén 丙辰 | Dīngsì 丁巳 | Wùwǔ 戊午 | Jǐwèi 己未 | Gēngshēn 庚申 | Xīnyǒu 辛酉 |
| Jiajing | 41 | 42 | 43 | 44 | 45 | |||||
| AD | 1562 | 1563 | 1564 | 1565 | 1566 | |||||
| Gānzhī 干支 |
Rénxū 壬戌 | Guǐhài 癸亥 | Jiǎzǐ 甲子 | Yǐchǒu 乙丑 | Bǐngyín 丙寅 |
Other regime era names that existed during the same period
- China
- Tianyuan (天淵, 1546): Ming period — era name of Tian Bin (田斌), leader of the Wenshang uprising in Shandong
- Zaoli (造歷) or Longfei (龍飛) (1560–1562): Ming period — era name of Zhang Lian (張璉), leader of the peasant revolt in Guangdong
- Dabao (大寶, 1565): Ming period — era name of Cai Boguan (蔡伯貫), leader of the peasant revolt in Sichuan
- Vietnam
- Quang Thiệu (光紹, 1516–1522): Later Lê dynasty — era name of Lê Chiêu Tông
- Thống Nguyên (統元, 1522–1526): Later Lê dynasty — era name of Lê Cung Hoàng
- Nguyên Hòa (元和, 1533–1548): Later Lê dynasty — era name of Lê Trang Tông
- Quang Chiếu (光照, 1533–1536): Later Lê dynasty — era name of Lê Hiến, Prince Đại (代王 黎憲)
- Thuận Bình (順平, 1548–1556): Later Lê dynasty — era name of Lê Trung Tông
- Thiên Hựu (天祐, 1557): Later Lê dynasty — era name of Lê Anh Tông
- Chính Trị (天祐, 1558–1571): Later Lê dynasty — era name of Lê Anh Tông
- Minh Đức (明德, 1527–1529): Mạc dynasty — era name of Mạc Đăng Dung
- Đại Chính (大正, 1530–1540): Mạc dynasty — era name of Mạc Thái Tông
- Quảng Hòa (廣和, 1541–1546): Mạc dynasty — era name of Mạc Hiến Tông
- Vĩnh Định (永定, 1547): Mạc dynasty — era name of Mạc Tuyên Tông
- Cảnh Lịch (景歷, 1548–1555): Mạc dynasty — era name of Mạc Tuyên Tông
- Quang Bảo (光寶, 1555–1564): Mạc dynasty — era name of Mạc Tuyên Tông
- Thuần Phúc (淳福, 1565–1568): Mạc dynasty — era name of Mạc Mậu Hợp
- Sùng Khang (淳福, 1568–1578): Mạc dynasty — era name of Mạc Mậu Hợp
- Japan
- Daiei (大永, 1521–1528): era name of Emperor Go-Kashiwabara and Emperor Go-Nara
- Kyōroku (享禄, 1528–1532): era name of Emperor Go-Nara
- Tenbun (天文, 1532–1555): era name of Emperor Go-Nara
- Kōji (弘治, 1555–1558): era name of Emperor Go-Nara and Emperor Ōgimachi
- Eiroku (永禄, 1558–1570): era name of Emperor Ōgimachi
References
- Jiang Yikui (蒋一葵). – via Wikisource. 肅皇帝入繼紀元，內閣初擬明良，次嘉靖，次紹治，上時用嘉靖云。
- History of Ming, Volume 19:〔嘉靖〕四十五年十二月庚子，世宗崩。壬子，即皇帝位。以明年為隆慶元年，大赦天下。
Bibliography
- Li Chongzhi (2004), 《中國歷代年號考》 [Zhongguo Lidai Nianhao Kao] (in Chinese), Beijing: Zhonghua Book Co., ISBN 7101025129
- Deng Hongbo (2005), 《東亞歷史年表》 [Chronology of East Asian History] (in Chinese), Taipei: National Taiwan University Program for East Asian Classics and Cultures, ISBN 9789860005189.