Jige

The parts of a jige are named differently according to the regional dialects of Korea.[5]

The je-gaji jige (Korean: 제가지지게) is named after the gaji. It needs two pieces of wood that have similar angles, thickness, and location to act as gaji. The length of the jige is usually adjusted to the height of the person who uses it. Je-gaji jige used in plains are longer than those used on mountains, as mountain paths tend to be narrow with a higher risk of the carrier falling down. The narrow upper part of the jige is usually trapezoidal, but some parts of the jige are carved by attaching the top of both sides. The jige's body is made of pine wood. Saejang is made of hard wood, such as a birch or chestnut tree. The shape of deungtae varies by region, and in the mountains and some parts of Gangwon Province, the bottom part of the saejang is widely cut without the deungtae. It is common for the jige to form a trapezoidal shape with its narrow and wide upper parts.[3]

쪽지게 (jjok jige)

The jjok jige (Korean: 쪽지게) is divided into two types of wood. The carriers try to cut down to get as much weight as possible, and as a result, the length long enough so that they can rest without sitting down on the road.

The jige jakdaegi differs from the standard jige in two ways: the iron stick is (known as the chok jakdaegi) is inserted at the end of the jakdaegi to prevent the carrier from sliding on icy roads and intimidate animals, and the notch in the middle of the top supports the jakdaegi on the jige when a person stands and rests.

Jjok jige in North Jeolla Province is made from cowhide, oak, and acacia trees. It is constructed by cutting down trees and twisting them between the body and gaji.[3]

거지게 (Geo Jige)

The geo jige (Korean: 거지게) is a very short jige with two or three saejang. The gaji are almost perpendicular to each other, and there is also a horizontal piece of wood to prevent the load from falling. It is usually used on the back of a cow.[3]

The ba jige (Korean: 바지게) was used by carriers who traveled inland from the coast of some parts of northern and southern Gyeongsang Province through the mountains. It is usually made from paddock wood. Ba jige does not have gaji.

The ba jige is set up as two long sticks in the shape of an A and placed horizontally in the middle to make the first saejang. Two sticks are connected between the left and right ends to form a triangle. At the base of this triangle, the stick is placed above the apex and replaced with a second saejang. There are no deungtae.[3]

물지게, 거름지게 (Mul Jige, Georeum Jige)

The mul jige (Korean: 물지게) and georeum jige Korean: 거름지게 (or ddong jige) are the same device used to carry buckets; it is called the mul jige when carrying buckets of water and georeum jige when carrying fertiliser.[3] Its back uses a wide range of wood. A pole rests horizontally on the carrier's shoulder to carry the buckets on both ends, and is designed to prevent the contents from splashing onto their clothes.[9][10]

The Chinese variant is called the bei-jia, and is used in the northern mountains of Hubei and Shanxi, China. The difference between China's and Korea's is the presence of a gaji.[11]

Taiwan's version is fixed by hanging four saejang between two round pieces of wood. The second saejang is tied to both sides and the rope is horizontally tied to the forehead. This method has been used in Taiwan, Nepal, northern Thailand, and southern Japan.[11]

Minorities in northwestern Thailand also use a jige-like tool. It uses three saejang stacked between two long open pieces of wood. The second and third saejang serves as the back of the device and is fitted with two boards.[11]

Among the natives of North America, the Pima people and Papago tribe used tools called kihos, which consists of a conical bowl, a cactus stick, deungtae, a forehead string, and sticks.[11]

In Japan, there is a transportation tool called kago, which is a bamboo basket used to carry people, especially in mountainous regions. It involved a small litter that can hold one individual and is suspended by a pole. It is typically carried by over two men's shoulders. The bamboo basket used in the kago varies and can be used as backpacks or carrying vessels for other objects.[12] The variations depend on the type of weave, like the hip-basket, which has an open weave to allow water drainage or a tight weave to keep loose seeds when transporting grains.[13]