Jilotepec de Abasolo

Jilotepec de Molina Enríquez, known as Jilotepec de Abasolo until 1986, and commonly known as Jilotepec, is a city located in the northwest zone of the State of Mexico in Mexico. The name comes from Náhuatl, meaning "hill of corncobs". It is the municipal seat and largest city of the municipality of Jilotepec (not Jilotepec de Molina Enríquez). It is located in hilly and forested terrain about an hour's drive from Mexico City and the state capital of Toluca, 40 minutes from San Juan del Río, 30 minutes from Tula and 20 minutes from Tepeji. The Mexico CityQuerétaro highway and the new Transoceanic Freeways that unite the coasts of Mexico from Veracruz to Michoacán converge within its territory.[1]

Jilotepec de Molina Enríquez
City
Official seal of Jilotepec de Molina Enríquez
Jilotepec de Molina Enríquez is located in Mexico
Jilotepec de Molina Enríquez
Jilotepec de Molina Enríquez
Coordinates: 19°57′07″N 99°31′58″W
Country Mexico
StateState of Mexico
MunicipalityJilotepec
CityJilotepec de Molina Enríquez
Foundedabout 1561
Municipality EstablishedMarch 11, 1824
Colonias
Colonias
  • Centro
  • El Deni
  • La Luz
  • La Cruz de Dendho
  • La Merced
  • Xhisda
  • Javier Barrios
Government
  Municipal PresidentRodolfo Nogués Barajas (PRI)
Area
  City588.73 km2 (227.31 sq mi)
  Water12.165 km2 (4.697 sq mi)
  Urban
26.74 km2 (10.32 sq mi)
Elevation
(of seat)
2,452 m (8,045 ft)
Population
 (2018) Municipality
  City100,808
  Density171.23/km2 (443.5/sq mi)
  Seat
10,513
DemonymJilotepequense
Time zoneUTC-6 (Central (US Central))
  Summer (DST)UTC-5 (Central)
Postal code (of seat)
54240
Area code761
Website(in Spanish) http://www.jilotepec-edomex.gob.mx/

The municipality of Jilotepec is located 1670 meters above sea level and covers an area of 586.53 km2, being the fourth-largest municipality in the State of Mexico. According to INEGI data, Jilotepec de Abasolo has a population of 71,624.[2] The municipality borders the municipalities of Polotitlan, Aculco, Timilpan, Chapa de Mota, Villa del Carbón, Soyaniquilpan and the state of Hidalgo. At the end of the 18th century, Jilotepec was part of the municipality of Huichapan, in the District of Tula. On March 11, 1824, Jilotepec de Abasolo was created from parts of Huichapan Chapa de Mota, Villa del Carbón, and Acambay.[1]

The town of Jilotepec de Molina Enríquez

The city had a population of 10,503 as of 2005.[2]

The region was originally inhabited by Otomis then conquered in 1379 by Acamapichtli the Aztec tlatoani (chief), later during the Viceroyalty of New Spain and the porfirian era, Jilotepec received waves of mostly Spanish and French settlers. After the Spanish Conquest, Jilotepec was recorded in ecclesiastical records as a village with a single priest, administrated by the Franciscans with the Brothers Alonso de Rangel and Antonio de Ciudad Rodrigo being the first to evangelize the area. Sometime in the middle of the 16th century, silver was discovered in Zacatecas and Guanajuato, leading to the construction of the Camino Real a Zacatecas (Royal Road to Zacatecas) with passed through>

Geography

Jilotepec lies in the north of the state of Mexico. To its north is the state of Hidalgo, to the south are the municipalities of Chapa de Mota and Timilpan, to the southeast is Villa del Carbón, to the east is Soyanilquilpan, and to the west are Polotitlán and Aculco.

Political Geography

There is one city in the municipality of Jilotepec, the municipal head Jilotepec de Molina Enríquez which is divided into six neighborhoods, or colonias: Colonia Centro, Javier Barrios, La Merced, El Deni, La Cruz de Dendho, and Xhisda.

There is only one village, or villa, the Villa de Canalejas

There are 23 towns, or pueblos:[3][4]

Name Population (2010)
Acazuchitlán3,037
Agua Escondida2,467
Aldama2,005
Buenavista2,151
Calpulalpan3,800
Coscomate del Progreso1,547
Dexcaní Alto1,101
Dexcaní Bajo1,426
Doxhichó1,992
El Rosal1,234
Ejido San Lorenzo Octeyuco2,659
Las Huertas3,931
San Lorenzo Nenamicoyan2,008
San Lorenzo Octeyuco685
San Martín Tuchicuitlapilco1,942
San Miguel de la Victoria3,238
San Pablo Huantepec3,996
Santiago Oxthoc1,124
Xhimohay2,503
Xhixhata2,195
El Saltillo765
Las Manzanas2,803
La Comunidad2,589

There are 24 small towns, or rancherías:[3][4]

Name Population (2010)
Emiliano Zapata154
Danxho1,096
Dedeni Dolores291
Denjhi1,238
El Durazno de Cuauhtémoc1,014
El Durazno de Guerrero119
El Magueyal1,236
El Majuay136
El Rincón691
El Xhitey1,189
Ejido de Coscomate1,452
Ejido de Jilotepec801
La Huarachano data
La Maqueda452
Llano Grande311
Magueycitos548
Mataxhi253
Mexicaltongono data
Octeyuco 20001,158
Ojo de Agua1,221
San Ignacio de Loyola118
Santa Martha de la Cruz250
Tecolapan928
Teupan895

Physical Geography

The primary geographical features of the region are fertile plains interrupted by hills and canyons. The municipality sits at the northern edge of the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt physiographic region on the Sierra Nevada mountain range. The municipality is further divided by the subregions of the plains and mountains of Querétaro and Hidalgo to the north, and the lakes and volcanoes of Anáhuac comprising a small part of the municipality to the south.[5][3][6] It is the fifth largest municipality in the state of Mexico.[7]

Geology

The geological substrate of the municipality is primarily extrusive igneous rock, that is, volcanic in origin. These rocks are notable for the presence of basaltic lava flows, deposits of basaltic ash, slag, and pyroclastic rocks. Many of the older buildings in Jilotepec were built using these basaltic rocks.[4]

The soil is mostly luvisolic, comprises 75% of the municipality's soil, and is particularly suited to agricultural industry though susceptible to erosion. About 15% of the soil is vertisolic and is located in the east of the municipality. This soil is prone to contraction in the dry season and is suited for grasses and grazing.[3]

The primary mineral resource of the region is kaolin, a white clay that is useful in porcelain and medicine making. Other minerals that can be found in the municipality include chalcedony and tezontle.[3]

Hydrology

Jilotepec is in the Alto Pánuco hydrologic region of the state of Mexico in the San Juan river basin. The most notable river in the municipality is the Coscomate which feeds into the Danxho reservoir and numerous streams such as Los Charcos, El Colorado, Dedeni, La Mina and 40 others. The Huapango reservoir is the municipality's largest at 120 million m3, followed by the Danxho with 31 million m3, and the Santa Elena with 5 million m3. In addition to other smaller streams and reservoirs the municipality is supplied with water by the San Pablo Huantepec spring which flows at 10 L/s.[3][4]

The municipality has a good supply of underground water thanks to the high permeability of the soil in most of the region. The quality of the water is "acceptable" though it is contaminated with waste and untreated water, especially in the municipal head where the Coscomate River and Colorado Stream flow.[4]

Fauna

Jilotepec has not done an exhaustive survey of the wildlife within its municipal borders but they do have an informal registry of species. There is a diversity of frogs, lizards, and snakes (only three of which are venomous) in Jilotepec. The birds of the region concentrate around the forests and lakes and represent the greatest diversity of wildlife in the municipality. The mammals of the region include common herbivores and carnivores such as weasels, coyotes, squirrels, and possums.[3]

Fish

Only the charal is common to the region. It is commonly fished for food and typically dried. The charal has a wide tolerance for changes in weather common to the municipality throughout the year. Though it is easily found and commonly consumed, there is no industry actively exploiting the charal population in Jilotepec. Though not native to the region, carp (Cyprinus carpio) and largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) are commercially farmed, recently being introduced to the Huapango reservoir.[3]

Amphibian Species[3]

Common Name (English) Common Name (Spanish) Scientific Name Image
Plateau ToadSapo de la MesetaAnaxyrus compactilis
Canyon Tree FrogRanita de las RocasHyla arenicolor
Ridged Tree FrogRana de Árbol PlegadaHyla plicata
American BullfrogRana ToroLithobates castesbeianus
Forrer's Grass FrogRana PintaLithobates forreri
Montezuma Leopard FrogRana MontezumaLithobates montezumae
Mexican Tiger SalamanderAjolote del AltiplanoAmbystoma velasci
Bell's SalamanderTlaconete PintoIsthmura bellii

Reptile Species[3]

Common Name (English) Common Name (Spanish) Scientific Name Image
Transvolcanic Alligator LizardLagarto Alicante del PopocatépetlBarisia imbricata
Mexican Plateau Horned LizardCamaleón de MontañaPhrynosoma orbiculare
Mesquite LizardLagartija Espinosa del MezquiteSceloporus grammicus
Eastern Spiny LizardLagartija Espinosa MexicanaSceloporus spinosus
Torquate LizardLagartija Espinosa de CollarSceloporus torquatus
Duges' Spiny LizardEspinosa de Dugés del EsteSceloporus dugesii
Largenose Earth SnakeCulebra Gris Nariz de PalaConopsis nasus
Mexican KingsnakeSerpiente Real MexicanaLampropeltis mexicana
Bocourt's Black-headed SnakeCulebrita Cabeza Negra de BocourtTantilla bocourti
Neotropical Whip SnakeCulebra Chirrionera NeotropicalColuber mentovarius
Mexican Bull SnakeAlicantePituophis deppei
Baird's Patchnose SnakeCulebra Chata MexicanaSalvadora bairdi
Mexican Garter SnakeCulebra de Agua Nómada MexicanaThamnophis eques
Blackbelly Garter SnakeCulebra de Agua de Panza NegraThamnophis melanogaster
Longtail Alpine Garter SnakeCulebra Listonada de Montaña Cola LargaThamnophis scalaris
Queretaran Dusky RattlesnakeCascabel Obscura de QuerétaroCrotalus aquilus
Western Dusky RattlesnakeCascabel TransvolcánicaCrotalus triseriatus
Black Tailed RattlesnakeCascabel de Cola NegraCrotalus molossus

Bird Species[3]

Common Name (English) Common Name (Spanish) Scientific Name Image
Mexican DuckPato MexicanoAnas platyrhynchos diazi
Northern BobwhiteCordorniz Cotuí NorteñaColinus virginianus
Pied-billed GrebeZampullín de Pico GruesoPodilymbus podiceps
Brown PelicanPelícano PardoPelecanus occidentalis
AnhingaAninga AmericanaAnhinga anhinga
Western Cattle EgretGarza GanaderaBubulcus ibis
Turkey VultureBuitre PavoCathartes aura
Cooper's HawkGavilán de CooperAccipiter cooperii
Harris's HawkAguilla de HarrisParabuteo unicinctus
American KestrelCernícal AmericanoFalco sparverius
KilldeerChorlo GritónCharadrius vociferus
Mexican DoveTortolita MexicanaColumbina inca
Eastern WhippoorwillChotacabrasCaprimulgus vociferus
Acorn WoodpeckerCarpintero BelloteroMelanerpes formicivorus
Broad-tailed HummingbirdColibrí ColianchoSelasphorus platycerus
Loggerhead ShrikeAlcaudón AmericanoLanius ludovicianus
Common RavenCuervo GrandeCorvus corax
Barn SwallowGolondrina comúnHirundo rustica
Brown-backed SolitaireClarín JilgueroMyadestes occidentalis
Northern MockingbirdCenzontle ComúnMimus polyglottos
Ocellated ThrasherCuitlacoche ManchadoToxostoma ocellatum
Common StarlingEstornino PintoSturnus vulgaris
Clay-colored SparrowGorrión PálidoSpizella pallida
House FinchPinzón MexicanoCarpodacus mexicanus
Black-headed GrosbeakPicogordo TigrilloPheucticus melanocephalus
Great-tailed GrackleZanate MexicanoQuiscalus mexicanus

Mammal Species[3]

Common Name (English) Common Name (Spanish) Scientific Name Image
Virginia OpossumTlacuacheDidelphis virginiana californica
Nine-banded ArmadilloArmadillo de Nueve BandasDasypus novemcinctus mexicanus
Eastern CottontailConejo de MonteSylvilagus floridanus connectens
CoyoteCoyoteCanis latrans cagottis
Gray FoxZorro GrisUrocyon cinereoargenteus nigrirostris
Mexican BobcatLince RojoLynx rufus escuinapae
Long-tailed WeaselComadreja de Cola LargaMustela frenata frenata
American Hog-nosed SkunkZorrillo CadenoConepatus leuconotus leuconotus
Ring-tailed CatCacomixtle NorteñoBassariscus astutus astutus
Southern Flying SquirrelArdilla VoladoraGlaucomys volans goldmani
Rock SquirrelArdillón de RocaOtospermophilus variegatus variegatus
Mexican Gray SquirrelArdilla Gris MexicanaSciurus aureogaster nigrescens
Wood mouseRatón de CampoApodemus sylvaticus
Ghost-faced BatMurciélago Rostro de FantasmaMormoops megalophylla

Flora

Jilotepec's vegetation is predominantly semiarid grassland. In the north, the oak forests of Las Peñas are the largest in the state of Mexico.[8] Throughout the municipality maguey, nopal, and tejocote are common, as well as many plants used in traditional medicinal recipes. There are two protected areas in Jilotepec: the state park El Llano Canalejas and the municipal park Las Sequoias as well as many smaller local parks and forests.[3]

Climate

The climate of Jilotepec varies between Cwa and Cwb on the Köppen climate classification, meaning it's in a temperate zone with dry winters and warm to hot summers. The southern portion of the region is noticeably cooler than the northern region which is closer to the warmer region of the Bajío. Likewise, rain is more intense in the south of the state than in the north.

Monthly Climate Data[9]
Jan. Feb. March April May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.
Avg. Temp. (°C) 11.613.115.416.917.717.116.316.415.714.313.012.1
Avg. High Temp. (°C) 20.021.023.524.324.522.622.021.721.021.020.320.0
Avg. Low Temp. (°C) 3.24.36.58.010.011.011.011.010.68.55.03.5
Chance of Rain (%) 5.84.74.511.825.556.367.865.356.028.08.72.7
Avg. Rainfall (mm) 6.27.07.012.334.084. 0104.796.387.341.311.33.7

Economy

6,416 hectares of the municipality is dedicated to the production of corn (the major crop), beans, wheat and livestock which is very important activity in the economic life of Jilotepec. Livestock includes cows pigs, sheep, and deer being a major dairy and meat producer. There are also farms with 8.5 millions birds for the production of meat and eggs. The raising of freshwater fish is a growing industry in the municipality as well.[1]

The municipality has two types of industry, the first being family workshops which produce clothes, ceramics and pottery. The second are factories focused on the production and embroidery of clothes for men and the manufacturing of plastic containers and other wool products.[1] Its largest employer is the tool manufacturing company Truper.

References

  1. "Enciclopedia de los Municipios de Mexico Estado de Mexico Jilotepec de Abasolo". Archived from the original on May 26, 2007. Retrieved 2008-03-08.
  2. "Principales resultados por localidad 2005 (ITER)". Archived from the original on 2011-06-13. Retrieved 2008-03-08.
  3. Plan de desarrollo Municipal 2016-2018 Jilotepec, México [Municipal Plan of Development 2016-2018 Jilotepec, México] (PDF) (in Spanish). Jilotepec, Estado de México: Ayuntamiento Constitucional de Jilotepec. 2016.
  4. Plan de Desarrollo Municipal 2019-2021 (PDF) (in Spanish). Jilotepec, Estado de México: Ayuntamiento Constitucional de Jilotepec. 2019.
  5. "Estado de México - Jilotepec de Abasolo". www.inafed.gob.mx. Archived from the original on 2017-01-21. Retrieved 2019-05-29.
  6. Geografía (INEGI), Instituto Nacional de Estadística y. "Mapas. Fisiográficos". en.www.inegi.org.mx (in Spanish). Retrieved 2019-05-30.
  7. Figueroa Noguez, Areli Alejandra (2018). "Iniciativas de Desarrollo Económico Local en el Municipio de Jilotepec, Estado de México" [Local Economic Development Initiatives in the Municipality of Jilotepec, State of Mexico] (PDF). Agenda Pública para el Desarrollo Regional, la Metropolización y la Sostenibilidad [Public Agenda for Regional Development, Metropolitanization, and Sustainability] (PDF) (in Spanish). Vol. 3. México: Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. pp. 427–438.
  8. "Las Peñas – Ayuntamiento Constitucional de Jilotepec 2019-2021" (in Mexican Spanish). Retrieved 2019-05-31.
  9. "Average Weather in Jilotepec de Molina Enríquez, Mexico, Year Round - Weather Spark". weatherspark.com. Retrieved 2019-05-30.
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