John J. Muccio

John Joseph Muccio[2] (March 19, 1900 – May 19, 1989)[5][6] was an Italian-born American diplomat who served as the first United States Ambassador to Korea following the establishment of the Republic of Korea in 1948. His title was "Special Representative of the President" (Harry Truman) in 1948–49 and Ambassador from 1949 through 1952. During his tenure, the Korean War began. In 1950, before the war broke out, he negotiated the first agreement on American military aid to Korea, worth $10 million at that time. Later that year, in testimony to Congress, Muccio called for increased assistance to Seoul and warned that Communist forces were a growing threat north of the 38th parallel.[7]

John J. Muccio
Muccio in 1950
United States Ambassador to Guatemala
In office February 1, 1960 – November 10, 1961
President	Dwight D. Eisenhower John F. Kennedy
Preceded by	Lester D. Mallory
Succeeded by	John O. Bell
1st United States Ambassador to Iceland
In office November 3, 1955 – December 16, 1959
President	Dwight D. Eisenhower
Preceded by	Himself (as Minister)
Succeeded by	Tyler Thompson
United States Minister to Iceland
In office October 12, 1954 – November 3, 1955
President	Dwight D. Eisenhower
Preceded by	Edward B. Lawson
Succeeded by	Himself (as Ambassador)
United States Ambassador to South Korea
In office April 20, 1949 – September 8, 1952[1]
President	Harry S. Truman Dwight D. Eisenhower
Preceded by	Diplomatic relations established
Succeeded by	Ellis O. Briggs
United States Consul in Hong Kong
In office 1927–1929[2]
Personal details
Born	(1900-03-19)March 19, 1900 Valle Agricola, Italy[3]
Died	May 19, 1989(1989-05-19) (aged 89) Washington, D.C., U.S.[4]
Resting place	Rock Creek Cemetery
Children	4[4]
Alma mater	George Washington University[3]

After the North Korean invasion in June 1950, and the dispatch of U.S. army divisions to defend South Korea, Muccio informed the State Department that U.S. commanders had decided to fire on refugees approaching U.S. lines, for fear of enemy infiltrators. His letter, dated July 26, 1950, warned of “repercussions in the United States from the effectuation of these decisions.” [8] On that same day U.S. troops began a three-day slaughter of South Korean refugees in what is known as the No Gun Ri massacre. An estimated 250-300 were killed, mostly women and children.[9][10]

Through the first two years of the war, before he returned to State Department duty in Washington, Muccio was a crucial liaison in exerting U.S. influence over the South Korean president, Syngman Rhee, helping set the stage for armistice negotiations.[11]

Under President Dwight Eisenhower, Muccio served as United States Ambassador to Iceland, where he previously served as Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary.

Finally, Muccio served as United States Ambassador to Guatemala before he retired from the United States Foreign Service in 1961.