John S. Phelps

John Smith Phelps (December 22, 1814  November 20, 1886) was a politician and soldier during the American Civil War, and the 23rd Governor of Missouri.

John S. Phelps
23rd Governor of Missouri
In office
January 8, 1877  January 10, 1881
LieutenantHenry C. Brockmeyer
Preceded byCharles Henry Hardin
Succeeded byThomas T. Crittenden
Member of the
U.S. House of Representatives
from Missouri
In office
March 4, 1845  March 3, 1863
Preceded byJames Madison Hughes
Succeeded byAustin Augustus King
ConstituencyAt-large (1845–1847)
5th district (1847–1853)
6th district (1853–1863)
Member of the Missouri House of Representatives
In office
1840-1844
Personal details
Born(1814-12-22)December 22, 1814
Simsbury, Connecticut
DiedNovember 20, 1886(1886-11-20) (aged 71)
St. Louis, Missouri
Political partyDemocratic
SpouseMary Whitney
ProfessionAttorney

Early life and career

John Smith Phelps, the son of Elisha Phelps, was born in Simsbury, Hartford County, Connecticut. He attended common schools and then studied law at Trinity College in Hartford, Connecticut, graduating in 1832. He was admitted to the bar in 1835 and commenced practice in Simsbury. After his marriage to Mary Whitney on April 20, 1837,[1] he moved to Springfield, Missouri, and quickly became one of the leading lawyers in southwest Missouri.

Phelps was elected to the Missouri House of Representatives in 1840. Four years later, on March 4, 1845, he was elected as a Democrat to the Twenty-Ninth Congress, and to eight succeeding Congresses (March 4, 1845  March 3, 1863). During his 18-year term, he served as Chairman of the Committee on Ways and Means (Thirty-Fifth Congress) and came to be regarded as a champion of government bounties to soldiers, aid to railroads, and inexpensive postage.

Phelps was popular in Washington, D.C. and at home. In 1857 Missourians honored him by naming the newly created county of Phelps after him. He was not a candidate for renomination in 1862.

Civil War

At the outbreak of the Civil War in 1861, Phelps returned to Springfield and enlisted as a private in Captain Coleman's Company of Missouri Infantry (Union). He was promoted to lieutenant colonel on October 2, 1861 and to colonel December 19, 1861. Following the Union defeat at the Battle of Wilson's Creek, Mary Phelps cared for the body of General Nathaniel Lyon, killed during the battle, while her husband retreated with the Union army to Rolla. By special arrangement with President Abraham Lincoln, Phelps organized an infantry regiment which bore his name, Phelps’s Regiment, Missouri Volunteer Infantry. The regiment spent most of the winter of 186162 as the garrison of Fort Wyman at Rolla. In March 1862, Phelps led his regiment in the fierce fighting at Pea Ridge in Arkansas. He was mustered out May 13, 1862. In July 1862, he was appointed by President Lincoln as Military Governor of Arkansas, but he resigned the position due to ill health.[2]

Postbellum activities

Phelps returned to Springfield in 1864 to resume his law practice. He was an unsuccessful candidate for Governor of Missouri in 1868, but in 1876 was elected to the position as the only candidate who could successfully lead Northern and Southern factions in the state. During his tenure as governor, Phelps supported currency reform and increased support for public education. He retired in 1881, praised as one of Missouri’s best governors.

John Smith Phelps died in St. Louis, Missouri. He rests in Hazelwood Cemetery in Springfield, Missouri.

See also

References

  • "Phelps, John Smith". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved September 18, 2005.
  • "Information Sheet: Phelps, John S." Western Historical Manuscript Collection - Rolla. Retrieved September 18, 2005.
  1. "John S. Phelps and Mary Whitney". Connecticut, Marriages, 1729-1867. Family Search. Retrieved 12 Mar 2014.
  2. Warner, Ezra. Generals in Blue: Lives of the Union Commanders. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1964
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