Jose B. Lingad

Jose "Joe" Bulaon Lingad[2] (Tagalog: [hoˈse bʊlaɔn ˈliŋɐd]; November 24, 1914 – December 16, 1980), also known by his initials JBL, was a Filipino lawyer, World War II veteran and politician who served as provincial governor of Pampanga from 1948 to 1951 and congressman from Pampanga from 1969 to 1972. He also became commissioner of the Bureau of Internal Revenue and Bureau of Customs then subsequently secretary of the Department of Labor and Employment.

This article is about the Filipino politician. For the hospital in San Fernando, Pampanga, see Jose B. Lingad Memorial Regional Hospital.
In this Philippine name, the middle name or maternal family name is Bulaon and the surname or paternal family name is Lingad.
The Honorable Colonel
Jose B. Lingad
Lingad, c. 1960s
Member of the Philippine House of Representatives from Pampanga's 1st district
In office
December 30, 1969 – September 23, 1972[1]
Preceded byJuanita L. Nepomuceno
Succeeded byPost abolished
Post later held by Carmelo F. Lazatin
Secretary of Labor
In office
October 1964 – December 30, 1965
PresidentDiosdado Macapagal
Preceded byBernardino R. Ables
Succeeded byEmilio Q. Espinosa Jr.
Commissioner of the
Bureau of Customs
In office
January 1964 – October 1964
PresidentDiosdado Macapagal
Preceded byRodrigo D. Perez Jr.
Succeeded byAlfredo D. de Joya
Commissioner of the
Bureau of Internal Revenue
In office
July 5, 1963 – September 24, 1963
In office
May 22, 1962 – May 31, 1963
PresidentDiosdado Macapagal
Preceded byMelecio R. Domingo
Succeeded byBenjamin N. Tabios
Chairman of Games and Amusement Board
In office
January 17, 1962 – March 1962
PresidentDiosdado Macapagal
Governor of Pampanga
In office
December 30, 1947 – December 30, 1951
Preceded byPablo Ángeles y David
Succeeded byRafael L. Lazatin
Personal details
Born
Jose Bulaon Lingad

(1914-11-24)November 24, 1914
Lubao, Pampanga, Philippine Islands
DiedDecember 16, 1980(1980-12-16) (aged 66)
San Fernando, Pampanga, Philippines
Manner of deathAssassination
Resting placeLubao, Pampanga, Philippines
Political partyLiberal (1946–1980)
Other political
affiliations		Nacionalista
(until 1946)
SpouseEstela Layug
Domestic partner(s)Consuelo Perez
Catalina Mañgila
Children10
EducationPampanga High School
Alma materUniversity of the Philippines
Philippine Law School (LL.B.)
OccupationPolitician
ProfessionLawyer
Nickname(s)Joe, Pepe, JBL
Military service
Allegiance
  • Philippines
  • United States
Branch/serviceUnited States Army
Years of service1941–1946
Rank Colonel
UnitUSAFFE
CommandsEast Central Luzon Guerrilla Area
Battles/warsWorld War II
* Battle of Bataan

Early life and education

Lingad was born in the barrio of San Jose Gumi, Lubao, Pampanga on November 24, 1914 to Emigdio Lingad of Lubao, Pampanga and Irene Bulaon of Arayat, Pampanga. Lingad studied in Lubao Central Elementary School and Pampanga High School for his primary and secondary education. In college, Lingad took up law at the University of the Philippines and Philippine Law School where he passed the bar exam on December 16, 1940. At age 24, he was elected councilor of Lubao, making him one of the youngest elected officials in the country.

Career during World War II
Lingad as a Army during World War II

After the Japanese invasion of the Philippines in 1941, Lingad joined the armed resistance against the Japanese in Bataan. Served as chief of staff under the command of Colonel Edwin Ramsey. He survived the Bataan Death March and later joined the guerrilla movement where he would lead the Pampanga Military District.[3]

Political career
Lingad (right) with Pres. Manuel Roxas (left) at the Malacañan Palace in 1948
Lingad (left) with Diosdado Macapagal (center) and Pres. Elpidio Quirino (left) during the 1949 elections

Early career

In the 1947 general elections, Lingad was elected governor of Pampanga as a member of the Liberal Party at the age of 33. He also became vice-president of the League of Governors of the Philippines. Seated as governor in 1948, Lingad served a single term, being defeated to Rafael Lazatin for re-election in 1951 due to the fall-out from the Maliwalu massacre in Bacolor.[3][4] Had Lingad stayed on as governor though, he would have been appointed by President Elpidio Quirino to lead Department of National Defense due to his stellar accomplishments at the time.

After his term as governor, Lingad was still recognized as the political kingpin of Pampanga. And during the elections of 1949, Lingad nominated Diosdado Macapagal, who was then serving as second secretary of the Philippine embassy in Washington, D.C. to run for the first Congressional district of Pampanga.[3]

With the help and guidance of governor Lingad, Diosdado Macapagal would start his political career that would make him president of the Philippines one day. As they were childhood friends in the town of Lubao, Pampanga.

Macapagal administration official

When his Protégé Diosdado Macapagal was elected president in 1961, Lingad joined the Macapagal administration, first as Chairman of Games and Amusement Board, second as Commissioner of Bureau of Internal Revenue, then Commissioner of Bureau of Customs and, ultimately Secretary of Labor.[4]

Congressional career
Lingad as a congressman

In 1969, Lingad was elected to the House of Representatives under the Liberal Party banner representing the 1st District of Pampanga, the same seat Macapagal had won 20 years earlier. Lingad served in the 7th Congress from 1969 to 1972. Previously perceived as holding right-wing political views, Lingad shifted to the left while in Congress, supporting farmers' rights and dialogue with the leftist insurgency.[4] Lingad's congressional career was abbreviated with the abolition of Congress following the declaration of martial law by Marcos in 1972. On September 28, 1972, Lingad, a member of the political opposition against Marcos, was among the first political figures to be arrested and imprisoned on the day martial law was declared.[4]

1980 Pampanga gubernatorial election

Lingad was released from prison after three months and he retired to his Pampanga farm.[4] He was called out of retirement by the opposition leader Benigno Aquino Jr., who urged him to run for Pampanga governor in the January 1980 local elections as a candidate of the anti-Marcos opposition with his running mate Jose Suarez for vice governor. Lingad was defeated by Estelito Mendoza, but he raised charges of fraud which led to the staging of a new election for governor.

Personal life and family

Lingad had his first born Sylvia Lingad de Guzman (1942–2021) with former partner Consuelo Zita Perez. Later married to Estela Aranita Layug with five children including Emigdio "Emy" Layug Lingad (1953–2021), a former Member of Batasang Pambansa, Deputy Minister of Finance, congressman for 2nd District of Pampanga from 1987 to 1995 and Teresito "Terry" Layug Lingad (born 1948), former 3rd term municipal councilor of Lubao.

Lingad had four children with her former partner, Catalina Canlas Mañgila. Among them are Jacqueline "Jacquie" Lingad Ricci, former San Francisco commissioner and president of San Francisco Juvenile Probation Commission.

His nephew, Josefo Sarmiento Lingad (1936–2005) was mayor of Lubao from 1965 to 1968.

Assassination and legacy

On December 16, 1980, at 7:40 in the morning, Lingad was shot in a gasoline station in barangay San Agustin, San Fernando, Pampanga while buying a pack of cigarettes.[4][5] His assassin Sgt. Roberto Tabanero, who died in a mysterious car accident before being prosecuted, was identified as a member of the Philippine Constabulary.[3][4] National leaders from all sides of the political spectrum attended his wake. Lingad was interred at San Nicolas Catholic Cemetery in Lubao, Pampanga together with his parents. On November 25, 1989, Republic Act No. 6780 entitled "An Act of Changing the Name of the Central Luzon General Hospital located in the municipality of San Fernando, province of Pampanga, to Jose B. Lingad Memorial Regional Hospital was one of bills signed by then President Corazon Aquino. On that day the hospital was formally recognized as Jose B. Lingad Memorial Regional Hospital.[6]

  • Façade of the hospital
    Façade of the hospital
  • Historical marker
    Historical marker
  • Park and Museum
    Park and Museum

Ancestry

Notes
  1. Congress was dissolved when President Ferdinand Marcos declared martial law on September 23, 1972.
  2. "Jose B. Lingad". Geni. Retrieved June 28, 2023.
  3. Henares, Ivan Anthony. "Footnotes to History: The Men Behind Dadong". Kapampangan Homepage. Archived from the original on October 24, 2009. Retrieved October 30, 2007.
  4. Henares, Hilarion (December 26, 1988). "Joe Lingad, the planting of a seed". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved October 30, 2007.
  5. "An Opposition Filipino Politician Shot to Death at Gasoline Station". The New York Times. December 17, 1980. Retrieved October 30, 2022.
  6. Republic Act No. 6780 (November 29, 1989). An Act Changing the Name of the Central Luzon General Hospital located in the Municipality of San Fernando, Province of Pampanga, to Jose B. Lingad Memorial General Hospital. Retrieved December 11, 2021.

References
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