Josiah Tattnall (politician)

Josiah Tattnall (c. 1762 – June 6, 1803)[2][3] was an American planter, soldier and politician from Savannah, Georgia. He represented Georgia in the U.S. Senate from 1796 to 1799, and was the 25th Governor of Georgia in 1801 and 1802. Born near Savannah, Georgia, at Bonaventure Plantation in the early 1760s (he was the first native-born Georgian governor after the state was admitted into the Union) to Mary Mullryne and Josiah Tattnall, he studied at Eton School before joining Anthony Wayne's troops at Ebenezer during the American Revolutionary War.[4] After the war, he was elected brigadier general of the 1st Regiment in the Georgia Militia. He helped to rescind the Yazoo land fraud of 1795.[5] He died in Nassau, New Providence.[5]

This article is about the former U.S. Senator and Governor of Georgia. For his son, the United States Naval officer, see Josiah Tattnall III.

Josiah Tattnall
United States Senator
from Georgia
In office
February 20, 1796 – March 3, 1799
Preceded byGeorge Walton
Succeeded byAbraham Baldwin
25th Governor of Georgia
In office
November 7, 1801 – November 4, 1802
Preceded byDavid Emanuel
Succeeded byJohn Milledge
Member of the Georgia House of Representatives
In office
1795-1796
Personal details
Bornc. 1762
Savannah, Georgia Province
Died (aged 41)[1]
Nassau, British West Indies
Political partyDemocratic-Republican
RelativesHarriet Tattnall (wife)
Josiah Tattnall Sr. (father)
Josiah Tattnall III (son)
Signature

Early life

Tattnall was born in 1762, to Josiah and Mary Tattnall (née Mullryne), at Bonaventure Plantation in colonial Savannah, Georgia. His father had inherited the plantation upon his marriage into the Mullryne family — its 1762 founder being Colonel John Mullryne.[2][3]

Mullryne, who also built the third Tybee Lighthouse in 1773, established a small family graveyard on the grounds, which eventually formed the nucleus of the present-day Bonaventure Cemetery. Bonaventure was one of the largest structures in the colony of Georgia.[6]

Tattnall and his family left Georgia at the outbreak of the American Revolutionary War. After living in the Bahamas for six years, the family later moved to England, where Tattnall attended Eton School. Although firm in supporting the British crown, he was unwilling to take up arms against the colonies and refused an appointment to the British navy.[7]

Revolutionary War

Around 1782, the Tattnall family returned to Georgia. Josiah Tattnall joined the Continental Army under General Anthony Wayne, helping remove Savannah from British rule. After the war, Tattnall bought back a portion of Bonaventure from John Habersham and continued his interest in the military. He commanded the Georgia militia in 1787 and led troops against the Creek Indians in 1788 and 1793. He was captain of the Chatham Artillery, the oldest militia unit in Georgia, and later colonel of an infantry regiment. President George Washington nominated him for marshal of Georgia in 1794.[8] He was promoted to brigadier general shortly before his election as governor in 1801.

Political life

Tattnall served his state as a member of the Georgia General Assembly from 1795 to 1796. He was a member of the Jeffersonian Republican national party, as most Georgia politicians (including such notables as John Milledge, William Stephens, Edward Telfair, Abraham Baldwin, George Troup, William Bulloch, and, later, William H. Crawford) were during this time.[9] He was also a Jacksonian, a follower and supporter of James Jackson.[10] Tattnall and Jackson both opposed the Yazoo land scandal, the massive real estate fraud led by Georgia governor George Mathews and the General Assembly that rocked early Georgia politics. Jackson resigned his position as U.S. senator to return to the Georgia General Assembly, where he and Tattnall led the campaign against the sale of the Yazoo lands. After the Rescinding Act of 1796 was passed, Tattnall was elected by the General Assembly to take Jackson's Senate seat, where he served from 1796 to 1799.

After serving in the U.S. Senate, Tattnall returned to Georgia and to his beloved Bonaventure. He was elected governor, but only served for one year. During his administration, the University of Georgia (formerly Franklin College) moved to its present campus in Athens, and the Hawkins Line was run by Benjamin Hawkins, establishing Georgia's northern border with the Cherokee Nation. Tattnall wrote a letter to President Thomas Jefferson in 1802, seeking guidance on the situation.[11] The Western border with the Creeks was yet to be solidified, as evidenced by a letter from the Justices of the Inferior Court and Justices of the Peace for Camden County, Georgia, on June 12, 1802.[12] They wrote on behalf of the inhabitants of the county regarding the recent removal of U.S. troops from stations in the area. They note that Camden County is a frontier county that is exposed not only to attacks from the sea, and from Spanish settlements to the south, but also to attacks by neighboring Indians, and they express concern that the area is no longer defended against the Indians.

Death and legacy
Tattnall's son, Josiah, in the early 1800s

Tattnall was married to Harriet Fenwick, originally from Charleston, South Carolina. The couple had several children, but only three lived to adulthood. Their son, the third Josiah Tattnall III, was a U.S. Navy officer for more than fifty years and a navy officer for the Confederate Navy during the Civil War.

Tattnall is buried in the Tattnall family plot (section E, lot 1),[13] alongside his wife, who preceded him in death by a few months,[1] at Bonaventure Cemetery.

Georgia's Tattnall County was named for him,[14] as was Savannah's Tattnall Street.[15]

References
Specific
  1. Georgia's Landmarks, Memorials and Legends, Lucian Lamar Knight (The Byrd Printing Company, 1914)
  2. Joseph Nathan Kane; Charles Curry Aiken (2005). The American Counties: Origins of County Names, Dates of Creation, and Population Data, 1950-2000 (5th ed.). Scarecrow Press. p. 292. ISBN 0-8108-5036-2.
  3. Oberg, Barbarta B. (ed.). The Papers of Thomas Jefferson, Volume 35: 1 August to 30 November 1801, Thomas Jefferson, 1950. p. 144. ISBN 978-0-691-13773-5.
  4. Smith, p. 343.
  5. Smith, p. 344.
  6. Pressly, Paul M. (2013). On the rim of the Caribbean : colonial Georgia and the British Atlantic world. Athens: University of Georgia Press. p. 190. ISBN 9780820335674.
  7. Jones, Charles C. (1878). The life and services of Commodore Josiah Tattnall (PDF). Savannah: Morning News Steam Printing House. p. 2.
  8. Washington, George. "From George Washington to the United States Senate, 5 March 1794". Founders Online. National Archives. Retrieved October 16, 2020.
  9. Fair, John D. (2015). "Governor David B. Mitchell and the "Black Birds" Slave Smuggling Scandal". Georgia Historical Quarterly. 99 (4).
  10. Coleman, Kenneth (1977). A History of Georgia. Athens: University of Georgia Press. p. 412. ISBN 0820304271.
  11. Tattnall, Josiah. "To Thomas Jefferson from Josiah Tattnall Jr., 20 July 1802". Founders Online. National Archives. Retrieved October 16, 2020.
  12. King, Thomas. "[Letter] 1802 June 12, St. Mary's, [Georgia to] Josiah Tattnall, Governor [of Georgia], Savannah / Tho[ma]s King . . . [et al.]". Southeastern Native American Documents, 1730-1842. Telamon Cuyler, Hargrett Rare Book and Manuscript Library, The University of Georgia Libraries, presented in the Digital Library of Georgia. Retrieved October 16, 2020.
  13. Bonaventure Section E - SavannahGA.gov.
  14. Krakow, Kenneth K. (1975). Georgia Place-Names: Their History and Origins (1st ed.). Macon, GA: Winship Press. p. 222. ISBN 0-915430-00-2.
  15. Cope, Tony (2016). It's Not That Lincoln. The Abercorn Press.
General
  • Smith, Gordon Burns, History of the Georgia Militia, 1783-1861, Volume One, Campaigns and Generals, Milledgeville: Boyd Publishing, 2000. ASIN:B003L1PRKI.

Brown, Russell K. "Josiah Tattnall (ca. 1764-1803)". New Georgia Encyclopedia. Retrieved from http://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/government-politics/josiah-tattnall-ca-1764-1803.

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