Julius Büdel

Julius Büdel (8 August 1903 – 28 August 1983) was a German geomorphologist noted for his work on the influence of climate in shaping landscapes and landforms.[1] In his work Büdel stressed the importance of inherited landforms in present-day landscapes and argued that many landforms are the result of a combination of processes, and not of a single process.[2] Büdel estimated that 95% of mid-latitude landforms are relict.[3][2] Büdel studied both cold-climate processes in Svalbard and "tropical" weathering processes in India to understand the origin of the relief of Central Europe, which he argued was a palimpsest of landforms formed at different times and under different climates.[2] For Central Europe Büdel concluded that in Late Cretaceous to Early Pliocene times etchplains formed. Then in Late Pliocene to Early Pleistocene times a transition period occurred in landscape forming processes. Finally in the Late Pleistocene periglaciation and deep permafrost made Central Europe a place of "excessive valley cutting". Holocene developments would not have affected much of the landscape other than adding a deep soil cover.[4]

Julius Büdel
Born(1903-08-08)8 August 1903
Died28 August 1983(1983-08-28) (aged 80)
NationalityGerman
CitizenshipGermany, West Germany
Alma materUniversity of Vienna
Known forMorphogenetic zones
Relief generations
AwardsAlbrecht-Penck-Medaille (1968)
Victoria Medal (1981)
Scientific career
FieldsClimatic geomorphology
InstitutionsUniversity of Würzburg

Through his life Büdel published three influential morphoclimatic zoning schemes. The first, in 1948, was followed by another in 1963, and a final version in 1977.[5] Büdel's schemes emphasise planation and valley-cutting in relation to climate, arguing that valley-cutting is dominant in subpolar regions while planation is so in the tropics.[3]

Much of Büdel's 1977 book Klima-geomorphologie was considered outdated as of 2006. However its pioneering approaches make it a classic in geomorphological literature.[2]

The Büdel Islands in Antarctica were named after him.[6]

Morphogenetic zones according to Büdel (1977)
German name[7]English translation[3]Latitude[3]Example[3]
Glacial zone (and immediately adjacent area)90–65° N
60–90° S
Greenland, Antarctica
Die subpolare Zone exzessiver TalbildungSubpolar zone of excessive valley cutting80–60° NCanadian Arctic, Taymyr Peninsula
Taiga valley cutting zone, in the permafrost region70–50° NRussian Far East
Ektropische Zone retardierter TalbildungEctropic zone of retarded valley cutting60–35° N
35–55° S
Most of Europe, Patagonia, Eurasian Steppe
Subtropic zone of mixed relief development, etesian region40–30° N
30–35° S
Morocco, Syria, Central Chile.
Subtropic zone of mixed relief development, monsoonal region45–25° N
20–40° S
Uruguay, Eastern Cape, South Korea
Die randtropische Zone exzessiver FlächenbildungPeritropical zone of excessive planation30° N–30° SVenezuela, Angola, Mozambique, Vietnam
Die innertropische Zone partieller FlächenbildungInter-tropical zone of partial planation20° N–10° SPanama, Gabon, Sumatra
Warme Trockenzone der Flächenerhaltung und traditionalen Weiterbildung (vorweg durch Sandschwemmebenen)Warm arid zone of surface preservation and traditionally continued development, largely through fluvio-aeolian sandplains35–10° N
5–30° S
Atacama, Sahara, Thar, Australian Outback
Winterharte Trockenzone der Flächenüberprägung (Transformation) vorweg durch Pedimenteund GlacisWinter cold arid zone of surface transformation, largely through pediments and glacis50–30° NGobi, Taklamakan, Maranjab

See also

References

  1. Mensching, Horst G. (1983), "Julius Büdel und sein konzept der klima-geomorphologie – rückschau und würdigung", Erdkunde (in German), 38 (3): 157–166
  2. Migoń, Piotr (2006). "Büdel, J. 1982: Climatic geomorphology. Princeton: Princeton University Press. (Translation of Klima-geomorphologie, Berlin-Stuttgart: Gebrüder Borntraeger, 1977.)". Progress in Physical Geography. 30 (1): 99–103. doi:10.1191/0309133306pp473xx. S2CID 129512489.
  3. Sarre, R.D. (1993). "Climatic geomorphology". In Kearey, Philip (ed.). The Encyclopedia of the Solid Earth Sciences. Blackwell Science Ltd. pp. 112–114. ISBN 978-0-632-03699-8.
  4. Sarre, R.D. (1993). "Climato-genetic geomorphology". In Kearey, Philip (ed.). The Encyclopedia of the Solid Earth Sciences. Blackwell Science Ltd. p. 114. ISBN 978-0-632-03699-8.
  5. Gutiérrez, Mateo; Gutiérrez, Francisco (2013). "Climatic Geomorphology". Treatise on Geomorphology. Vol. 13. pp. 115–131.
  6. Geographic Names Information System of the United States Geological Survey
  7. Klima-Geomorphologie
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