Kalkoti language

Kalkoti, also known as Goedijaa,[2] is an Indo-Aryan language spoken in the Kalkot Tehsil, in the Upper Dir district in Pakistan.[3]

Kalkoti
کلکوٹی / کھلکوٹی / کھعلکوٹی
Pronunciation[kʰælkoːʈ]
Native toPakistan
RegionKalkot Tehsil
Native speakers
6,000 (2018)[1]
Language codes
ISO 639-3xka
Glottologkalk1245

Phonology

The following tables outline the phonology of Kalkoti.[4]

Vowels
FrontBack
Close ɪ~i(ː)ʊ~u(ː)
Mid eːoː
Open ə~æ(ː)~aːɑ(ː)~ɒ(ː)

Short vowels are slightly centralized; nasalization of vowels may be phonemic.[4]

Consonants
Labial Dental Retroflex Palatal Velar Uvular Glottal
Nasal m n ɳ (?) ŋ (?)
Plosive voiceless p t ʈ k q ʔ (?)
aspirated pʰ tʰ ʈʰ (?) kʰ
voiced b d ɖ ɡ
Affricate voiceless ts tʂ tʃ
aspirated tʂʰ (?) tʃʰ
voiced dʒ
Fricative voiceless (f) s ʂ ʃ x
voiced z ɣ
Lateral l
Flap ɾ ɽ (?)
Approximant ʋ j

The phonemes /q, ʦ, x, z, ɣ, ɽ/ have likely been introduced by loanwords. The voiceless aspirate series is secure, and, unlike the neighboring Palula language, Kalkoti does not have a breathy voiced series. The phonemic status of /ʔ/ is unclear and is likely tied to tone in Kalkoti.

Tone

Kalkoti's system of tone likely was similar to Shina's two tone system; however, under pressure from its Kohistani neighbors it may now have a more complex tone inventory.[4]

References
  1. Kalkoti at Ethnologue (25th ed., 2022) closed access
  2. Liljegren 2013, p. 129.
  3. Frawley, William (May 2003). International Encyclopedia of Linguistics: 4-Volume Set. Oxford University Press, USA. ISBN 978-0-19-513977-8.
  4. Liljegren 2013, pp. 134–44.

Bibliography


This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.