Kaga Domain

The Kaga Domain (加賀藩, Kaga-han), also known as the Kanazawa Domain (金沢藩, Kanazawa-han), was a domain of the Tokugawa Shogunate of Japan during the Edo period from 1583 to 1871.[1]

Kaga Domain
加賀藩
Kaga-han
Domain of Japan
1601–1871
Kanazawa Castle in Kanazawa
Mon of the Kaga-Maeda of Kaga Domain

Map of Kaga Domain (green), Daishōji Domain (orange) and Toyama Domain (brown) in late Edo period.
CapitalKanazawa Castle
Area
 • Coordinates36°34′N 136°52′E
History
Government
Daimyō 
• 1601–1605
Maeda Toshinaga (first)
• 1866–1871
Maeda Yoshiyasu (last)
Historical eraEdo period
• Established
1601
1871
Contained within
 • ProvinceKaga, Etchū, Noto
Today part ofIshikawa Prefecture
Toyama Prefecture

The Kaga Domain was based at Kanazawa Castle in Kaga Province, in the modern city of Kanazawa, located in the Chūbu region of the island of Honshu. The Kaga Domain was ruled for its existence by the tozama daimyō of the Maeda, and covered most of Kaga Province and Etchū Province and all of Noto Province in the Hokuriku region. The Kaga Domain had an assessed kokudaka of over one million koku, making it by far the largest domain of the Tokugawa shogunate.[2] The Kaga Domain was dissolved in the abolition of the han system in 1871 by the Meiji government and its territory was absorbed into Ishikawa Prefecture and Toyama Prefecture.

History

Maeda Toshiie was a distinguished military commander, a retainer of Oda Nobunaga and a close friend of Toyotomi Hideyoshi. A member of the Council of Five Elders who ruled Japan during the Sengoku period, he was granted the Kaga Domain in 1583.[1] His eldest son, Maeda Toshinaga, supported Tokugawa Ieyasu in his rise to power and was rewarded by an increase in his lands to 1.25 million koku.

Toshinaga was succeeded by his brother Maeda Toshitsune, who created two cadet branches of the clan:

A third cadet line was founded by Toshitsune's brother Maeda Toshitaka for his services during the Siege of Osaka. This branch held the Nanokaichi Domain, rated at the minimum of 10,000 koku.

The Maeda clan ruled the Kaga Domain for the entirety of its existence until the abolition of the domains in 1871 after the Meiji Restoration and the overthrow of the Tokugawa Shogunate. The location of the main Edo residence of the Kaga Domain's daimyō is now the site of the Hongō campus of the University of Tokyo.

Holdings

As with most domains in the han system, the Kaga Domain consisted of discontinuous territories calculated to provide the assigned kokudaka, based on periodic cadastral surveys and projected agricultural yields.[3][4] At the end of the Tokugawa shogunate in 1868, the Kaga Domain consisted of the following holdings:

List of daimyōs
    #NameTenureCourtesy titleCourt Rankkokudaka
    Maeda clan (tozama) 1583--.1871[5]
    0Maeda Toshiie (前田利家)1583–1599Chikuzen-no-kami　(筑前守)Junior 2nd Rank (従二位); Dainagon (大納言)830,000 koku
    1Maeda Toshinaga (前田利長)1599–1605Hizen-no-kami　(肥前守)Junior 3rd Rank (従三位); Chūnagon (中納言)1,200,000 koku
    2Maeda Toshitsune (前田利常)1605–1639Hizen-no-kami　(肥前守)Junior 3rd Rank (従三位); Chūnagon (中納言)1,200,000 koku
    3Maeda Mitsutaka (前田光高)1639–1645Chikuzen-no-kami (筑前守)Senior 4th, Lower Grade (正四位下); Sakone-sho-sho (左近衛権少将)1,200,000 koku
    4Maeda Tsunanori (前田綱紀)1645–1723Kaga-no-kami (加賀守)Junior 3rd Rank (従三位); Sangi (参議)1,030,000 koku
    5Maeda Yoshinori (前田吉徳)1723–1745Kaga-no-kami (加賀守)Senior 4th, Lower Grade (正四位下); Sakone-chu-sho (左近衛権中将)1,025,000 koku
    6Maeda Munetoki (前田宗辰)1745–1746Kaga-no-kami (加賀守)Senior 4th, Lower Grade (正四位下); Sakone-chu-sho (左近衛権中将)1,025,000 koku
    7Maeda Shigehiro (前田重熙)1746–1753Kaga-no-kami (加賀守)Senior 4th, Lower Grade (正四位下); Sakone-chu-sho (左近衛権中将)1,025,000 koku
    8Maeda Shigenobu (前田重靖)1753Kaga-no-kami (加賀守)Senior 4th, Lower Grade (正四位下); Sakone-sho-sho (左近衛権少将)1,025,000 koku
    9Maeda Shigemichi (前田重教)1753–1771Hizen-no-kami　(肥前守)Senior 4th, Lower Grade (正四位下); Sakone-chu-sho (左近衛権中将)1,025,000 koku
    10Maeda Harunaga (前田治脩)1771–1802Kaga-no-kami (加賀守)Senior 4th, Lower Grade (正四位下); Sakone-chu-sho (左近衛権中将)1,025,000 koku
    11Maeda Narinaga (前田斉広)1802–1822Hizen-no-kami　(肥前守)Senior 4th, Lower Grade (正四位下); Sakone-chu-sho (左近衛権中将)1,025,000 koku
    12Maeda Nariyasu (前田斉泰)1822–1866Kaga-no-kami (加賀守)Senior 2nd Rank (正二位); Gon-Chūnagon (権中納言)1,025,000 koku
    13Maeda Yoshiyasu (前田慶寧)1866–1871Kaga-no-kami (加賀守)Junior 3rd Rank (従三位); Sangi (参議)1,030,000 koku

    Genealogy

    The clan records were preserved over the course of centuries.[6]

    • I. Toshiie, 1st daimyō of Kaga (cr. 1583) (1539–1599; r. 1583–1599)
      • II. Toshinaga, 2nd daimyō of Kaga (1562–1614; r. 1599–1605)
      • III. Toshitsune, 3rd daimyō of Kaga (1594–1658; r. 1605–1639)
        • IV. Mitsutaka, 4th daimyō of Kaga (1616–1645; r. 1639–1645)
          • V. Tsunanori, 5th daimyō of Kaga (1643–1724; r. 1645–1723)
            • VI. Yoshinori, 6th daimyō of Kaga (1690–1745; r. 1723–1745)
              • VII. Munetoki, 7th daimyō of Kaga (1725–1747; r. 1745–1747)
              • VIII. Shigehiro, 8th daimyō of Kaga (1729–1753; r. 1747–1753)
              • IX. Shigenobu, 9th daimyō of Kaga (1735–1753; r. 1753)
              • X. Shigemichi, 10th daimyō of Kaga (1741–1786; r. 1754–1771)
                • XII. Narinaga, 12th daimyō of Kaga (1782–1824; r. 1802–1822)
                  • XIII. Nariyasu, 13th daimyō of Kaga (1811–1884; r. 1822–1866)
                    • XIV. Yoshiyasu, 14th daimyō of Kaga, 14th family head (1830–1874; r. 1866–1869; Governor: 1869–1871; family head: 1869–1874)
                      • Yoshitsugu, 15th family head, 1st Marquess (1858–1900; 15th family head 1874–1900, Marquess: 1884).
              • XI. Harunaga, 11th daimyō of Kaga (1745–1810; r. 1771–1802).
            • Toshiaki, 4th daimyō of Kaga-Daishōji (1691–1737)
              • Toshimichi, 5th daimyō of Kaga-Daishōji (1733–1781)
                • Toshitoyo, 9th daimyō of Etchū-Toyama (1771–1836)
                  • Toshihiro, 11th daimyō of Ueno-Nanokaichi (1823–1877)
                    • Toshiaki, Governor of Nanokaichi, 1st Viscount (1850–1896; Governor of Nanokaichi 1869–1871, created 1st Viscount 1884)
                      • Toshinari, 16th family head, 2nd Marquess (1885–1942; 16th family head and 2nd Marquess 1900–1942)
                        • Toshitatsu, 17th family head, 3rd Marquess (1908–1989; 17th family head 1942–1989, 3rd Marquess 1942–1947)
                          • Toshihiro, 18th family head (1935– ; 18th family head 1989–)
                            • Toshitaka (1963–)
                              • Toshikyo (1993–)

    See also

    References
    1. "Kaga Province" at JapaneseCastleExplorer.com; retrieved 2013-4-9.
    2. Totman, Conrad. (1993). Early Modern Japan, p. 119.
    3. Mass, Jeffrey P. and William B. Hauser. (1987). The Bakufu in Japanese History, p. 150.
    4. Elison, George and Bardwell L. Smith (1987). Warlords, Artists, & Commoners: Japan in the Sixteenth Century, p. 18.
    5. Papinot, Jacques Edmond Joseph. (1906). Dictionnaire d'histoire et de géographie du Japon; Papinot, (2003). "Maeda" at Nobiliare du Japon, p. 28; retrieved 2013-4-9.
    6. 前田氏 at ReichsArchiv.jp; retrieved 2013-7-9. (in Japanese)

    Further reading
    • Brown, Philip C. (1993). Central authority and local autonomy in the formation of early modern Japan: the case of Kaga domain. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press.
    • Chūda Toshio 忠田敏男 (1993). Sankin kōtai dōchūki: Kaga-han shiryō o yomu 参勤交代道中記: 加賀藩史料を読む. Tokyo: Heibonsha 平凡社.
    • Flershem, Robert G., and Yoshiko N. Flershem (1980). Kaga, a domain which changed slowly. Hamburg: Gesellschaft für Natur und Völkerkunde Ostasiens.
    • McClain, James L. (1982). Kanazawa : a seventeenth-century Japanese castle town. New Haven: Yale University Press.
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