Kara-Bom

Kara-Bom
	Blades from Kara-Bom.[1]
	Location in Continental Asia Kara-Bom (Russia)
Coordinates	50.5°N 85.980127°E
History
Founded	46,620 +/-1,750 BP cal
Periods	Upper Paleolithic

Kara-Bom is an Initial Upper Paleolithic archaeological site dating to 46,620 +/-1,750 cal years before present (BP), and located in Southern Siberia. It is among the earliest (probable) modern human sites for Siberia, together with Kara-Tenesh, Kandabaevo, and Podzvonskaya.[2]

The site of Kara-Bom has lithic assemblages consisting in classic and elongated Levallois points. The site would represent a key station in the expansion of modern humans associated with the IUP wave out of Southwest Asia slightly before 47 ka cal BP, one of the next stations being Ust-Ischim. They ended in Bacho Kiro cave and Oase, but this wave of colonization did not go as far as Western Europe, and apparently was not successful.[3]

Unambiguous modern human sites in Siberia and Eastern Asia where modern human remains were found, start with Ust-Ischim (45,000 years BP) or Tianyuan (c. 40,000 BP), followed by significantly later sites such as Yana RHS (c. 32,000 BP).

Kara-Bom, and other main Initial Upper Paleolithic human remains ( ) and stone assemblage sites ( ).[4]

References

Zwyns, Nicolas (September 2021). "The Initial Upper Paleolithic in Central and East Asia: Blade Technology, Cultural Transmission, and Implications for Human Dispersals". Journal of Paleolithic Archaeology. 4 (3): 19. doi:10.1007/s41982-021-00085-6.
Hamilton, Marcus J.; Buchanan, Briggs (30 August 2010). "Archaeological Support for the Three-Stage Expansion of Modern Humans across Northeastern Eurasia and into the Americas". PLoS ONE. 5 (8): 3. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0012472. PMC 2930006. Distribution maps (Figures 2A–D) show that the four earliest sites (Kara-Bom, Kara-Tenesh, Kandabaevo, and Podzvonskaya) predating 40k calBP are located in southern Siberia.", "The oldest site in the dataset is Kara-Bom at 46,620+/-1,750 cal BP, and so is used to represent the point of origin for the population expansion.
Hublin, Jean-Jacques (15 June 2015). "The modern human colonization of western Eurasia: when and where?". Quaternary Science Reviews. 118: 194–210. doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2014.08.011. Over a geographical domain, covering a large portion of Eurasia, the IUP displays a number of shared features in terms of blank production. Although its exact chronology is still under investigation, the start of its expansion out of southwest Asia most likely predates 47 ka cal BP, as suggested by the dates obtained at Bohunice (Richter et al., 2009) and Kara-Bom (Goebel et al., 1993). This early expansion would be more in agreement with an older date for the beginning of the IUP (Marks, 1983) than with those produced at Ksar Akil (Douka et al., 2013) and Üçagızlı (Kuhn et al., 2009). The recent discovery of the femur of Ust-Ischim in Siberia, directly dated at 45 ka BP and indisputably modern both anatomically and genetically, completes the more fragmentary discoveries from Ksar Akil (layer XXV), Üçagızlı and Bacho Kiro (layer 11), and brings support to the notion that the IUP represents a wave of migrations of fully modern humans. This wave, however, might not have been completely successful and apparently did not make it to western Europe.
Hajdinjak, Mateja; Mafessoni, Fabrizio (April 2021). "Initial Upper Palaeolithic humans in Europe had recent Neanderthal ancestry". Nature. 592 (7853): 253–257. doi:10.1038/s41586-021-03335-3. hdl:11585/827583. ISSN 1476-4687.

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[1] Zwyns, Nicolas (September 2021). "The Initial Upper Paleolithic in Central and East Asia: Blade Technology, Cultural Transmission, and Implications for Human Dispersals". Journal of Paleolithic Archaeology. 4 (3): 19. doi:10.1007/s41982-021-00085-6.

[MJH3-2] Hamilton, Marcus J.; Buchanan, Briggs (30 August 2010). "Archaeological Support for the Three-Stage Expansion of Modern Humans across Northeastern Eurasia and into the Americas". PLoS ONE. 5 (8): 3. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0012472. PMC 2930006. Distribution maps (Figures 2A–D) show that the four earliest sites (Kara-Bom, Kara-Tenesh, Kandabaevo, and Podzvonskaya) predating 40k calBP are located in southern Siberia.", "The oldest site in the dataset is Kara-Bom at 46,620+/-1,750 cal BP, and so is used to represent the point of origin for the population expansion.

[3] Hublin, Jean-Jacques (15 June 2015). "The modern human colonization of western Eurasia: when and where?". Quaternary Science Reviews. 118: 194–210. doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2014.08.011. Over a geographical domain, covering a large portion of Eurasia, the IUP displays a number of shared features in terms of blank production. Although its exact chronology is still under investigation, the start of its expansion out of southwest Asia most likely predates 47 ka cal BP, as suggested by the dates obtained at Bohunice (Richter et al., 2009) and Kara-Bom (Goebel et al., 1993). This early expansion would be more in agreement with an older date for the beginning of the IUP (Marks, 1983) than with those produced at Ksar Akil (Douka et al., 2013) and Üçagızlı (Kuhn et al., 2009). The recent discovery of the femur of Ust-Ischim in Siberia, directly dated at 45 ka BP and indisputably modern both anatomically and genetically, completes the more fragmentary discoveries from Ksar Akil (layer XXV), Üçagızlı and Bacho Kiro (layer 11), and brings support to the notion that the IUP represents a wave of migrations of fully modern humans. This wave, however, might not have been completely successful and apparently did not make it to western Europe.

[4] Hajdinjak, Mateja; Mafessoni, Fabrizio (April 2021). "Initial Upper Palaeolithic humans in Europe had recent Neanderthal ancestry". Nature. 592 (7853): 253–257. doi:10.1038/s41586-021-03335-3. hdl:11585/827583. ISSN 1476-4687.