Karpalak ambush

Karpalak ambush
	Part of the 2001 insurgency in Macedonia and the Yugoslav Wars
Date	8 August 2001
Location	Near Grupčin, on the Skopje–Tetovo highway, Republic of Macedonia41°58′39″N 21°10′12″E
Result	NLA and ANA victory Macedonian Air Force bombs predominantly Albanian villages around Tetovo; Anti-Albanian riots in Prilep; Peace negotiations continue, eventually leading to the Ohrid Agreement;
Belligerents
National Liberation Army; Albanian National Army[1]	Republic of Macedonia
Casualties and losses
None; None	10 killed; 3 wounded; 1 bus destroyed
	Site of the ambush Location within North Macedonia

The Karpalak ambush (Macedonian: Заседа кај Карпалак, Albanian: Pritë në Karpalak), referred to by Macedonians as the Karpalak massacre (Macedonian: Масакр кај Карпалак),[2] was an attack carried out by the National Liberation Army (NLA) against a convoy of the Army of the Republic of Macedonia (ARM) near the village of Grupčin on 8 August 2001 during the 2001 insurgency in Macedonia. It was speculated that the ambush was carried out in retaliation for a Macedonian Police raid in Skopje, the day before in which five NLA insurgents were killed. Ten members of the ARM's Military Reserve Force, including two officers, were killed at Karpalak and two others were wounded. The ambush was the single deadliest incident of the conflict up until that point.

In the years following the ambush, the Macedonian government has commissioned several plaques commemorating the fallen reservists, which have become the frequent target of vandals. This has prompted complaints from veterans' organizations that the government has not done enough to ensure the reservists are properly commemorated.

Background

On 7 August 2001, the Macedonian Police carried out a raid in Skopje targeting a rebel cell allegedly planning attacks in the capital. Five rebels were killed during the raid and the police confiscated a cache of weapons.[3]

Ambush

On Wednesday, 8 August 2001, a convoy transporting members of the ARM's Military Reserve Force was ambushed by the NLA outside the village of Grupčin, near the locale of Karpalak, on the highway between Skopje and Tetovo.[4] The reservists had been on their way to reinforce a military base in Tetovo.[5] One of the ARM trucks was struck by a rocket-propelled grenade.[6] Those who did not burn to death in the resulting explosion were shot as they attempted to escape the vehicle.

In total, ten ARM reservists were killed in the ambush. Among the dead were two officers. Two soldiers were wounded.[5] The fallen reservists were later identified as Nane Naumoski, Sašo Kitanoski, Goran Minoski, Erdovan Šabanoski, Ljube Grujoski, Branko Sekuloski, Darko Veljanoski, Pece Sekuloski, Vebi Rušitoski and Marko Despotoski, all from Prilep.[4][6]

The ambush was the single deadliest attack of the conflict up until that point. It was speculated that it may have been carried out as retribution for the police killing of five NLA insurgents in Skopje a day earlier.[5]

Aftermath

Anti-Albanian incidents

Macedonia's chief prosecutor, Stavre Djikov, visited the scene of the attack shortly after it occurred. In direct response to it, the ARM deployed additional reinforcements to Tetovo, including ten main battle tanks, as well as multiple trucks loaded with soldiers. Combat aircraft later flew over Karpalak in a show of force.[5] The day after the ambush, the ten reservists were buried with military honours at a Prilep cemetery, their coffins draped in the flag of Macedonia. "[The] Albanians will rot in hell," one father exclaimed as he sobbed over his son's coffin. The same day, Trajkovski dismissed the ARM's chief of staff, General Pande Petrovski. He was succeeded by his deputy, General Metodij Stamboliski, marking the fourth such change of the ARM's senior leadership in less than two months. A night of rioting ensued in which ethnic Macedonians burned the Čarši Mosque in Prilep, as well as multiple ethnic Albanian homes. Macedonia's Defence Minister, Vlado Buckovski, appealed for the rioters to show restraint and refrain from attacking Albanian-owned properties. [7]

On 10 August, Macedonian Air Force Sukhoi Su-25 ground attack aircraft bombed predominantly rebel positions on the outskirts of Tetovo.[8] The same day, eight Macedonian soldiers were killed .

On 12 August, the Macedonian Police attacked Ljuboten and extrajudicially killed ten ethnic Albanians.[7] Macedonian Minister of the Interior Ljube Boškoski and his assistant Johan Tarčulovski were later charged with crimes against humanity by the International Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia in relation to this action. In 2008, Boškoski was acquitted on all counts, whereas Tarčulovski was found guilty and sentenced to twelve years' imprisonment.[9] Both verdicts were upheld by in 2010.[10]

Ohrid Agreement

The Karpalak ambush, as well as the landmine explosion at Ljuboten, coincided with ongoing peace negotiations between the Macedonian government and representatives of the country's ethnic Albanian minority. "This is clearly a setback for the peace process," U.S. envoy James Pardew remarked, referring to the recent Macedonian casualties, "but it is critical that this agreement is signed on Monday."[11] On Monday, 13 August 2001, government officials met with representatives of the country's two largest ethnic Albanian political parties, the Democratic Party of Albanians and the Party for Democratic Prosperity, in Ohrid and signed an agreement to end the conflict. By signing the Ohrid Agreement, representatives of the country's ethnic Albanian community agreed to disband the NLA, which was subsequently transformed into the Democratic Union for Integration, Macedonia's largest ethnic Albanian political party. Macedonia remained a unitary republic, but its constitution was altered to allow for affirmative action policies in the public sector that would benefit its ethnic Albanian population, as well as for wider use of the Albanian flag and language.[12] In practice, this entailed the Macedonian government vowing to recognize Albanian as the second official language in areas where ethnic Albanians formed more than 20 percent of the population, recognizing and extending state support to the Albanian-language State University of Tetova, recruiting 1,000 ethnic Albanians into the Macedonian Police and offering an amnesty to all NLA members.[8] On 19 August, Ahmeti announced the NLA would surrender its weapons to NATO.[13] Most analysts agreed that the NLA had not fully respected the terms of the agreement and only surrendered a portion of its arms.[8]

Legacy

The ethnic Albanian insurgency in Macedonia resulted in around 250 military and civilian fatalities on both the rebel and government sides. More than 170,000 civilians were displaced as a result of the conflict, 70,000 of whom fled to neighbouring Kosovo. By March 2002, around 140,000 refugees and internally displaced persons had returned to their homes.[13]

In February 2014, the head of the Islamic Religious Community of Macedonia, Reis-ul-ulema Sulejman Rexhepi, wrote a Facebook post in which he accused the mayor of Prilep, Marjan Risteski, of taking part in the burning of Prilep's Charshi Mosque in August 2001. Rexhepi also asserted that all those who had taken part in its destruction had experienced divine retribution, and that the same fate would befall Risteski. "Many were eliminated among themselves, and not so long ago four of them lost their lives in car accidents," Rexhepi wrote. "The next to the last died yesterday on a motorcycle. The last of them, as it seems, is Marjan Risteski who will face ... punishment from the almighty Allah." Risteski was a veteran of the conflict, having been a member of the ARM at the time. Rexhepi's remarks were defended by Rexhepi's spokesman, Abaz Islami, who stated: "He has published only what has been determined by God." Risteski later stated that he had forgiven Rexhepi for what he had said. "In the spirit of Christianity I forgive him for his clumsy, reckless and unlucky statement," the mayor remarked. "I appeal to all who felt hurt by this statement to refrain from further reactions as its aim is to provoke problems." Igor Petreski, the head of the veterans' organization Karpalak, defended the mayor's wartime record and vouched that Risteski had been on the front lines in Tetovo the night the mosque was torched.[14]

In the years following the ambush, the Macedonian authorities dedicated multiple plaques to commemorate the victims, most of which were later damaged or destroyed by unknown perpetrators. On the fifteenth anniversary of the attack, Jordan Trajkoski, a representative of the Association of Retired Reservist Army Soldiers, complained that the authorities had not done enough to memorialize the reservists.[6]

References

"Macedonia - defense: Buckovski: "Let tragedy be the beginning of the end of the war"". Relief.web. 10 August 2001. Archived from the original on 26 June 2022. Retrieved 26 June 2022. "ANA" CLAIMS RESPONSIBILITY FOR KILLING OF TEN MACEDONIAN SOLDIERS Skopje, August 10 - A new armed group of ethnic Albanians on Thursday claimed responsibility for the killing of ten Macedonian army reservists in a highway ambush a day earlier. The "Albanian National Army" (AKSH) e-mailed a statement to several media in the region, on Albanian-language, saying a combined unit of its fighters and of the so-called National Liberation Army (NLA) carried the attack out "in revenge" for the killing of five NLA members by Macedonian security forces.
Bačiḱ, Mirko (8 August 2018). "17 години Карпалак – тага и непребол за 10-те загинати бранители на Македонија" [17 Years Since Karpalak: Sorrow and Grief for 10 Fallen Defenders of Macedonia]. Магазин (in Macedonian). Archived from the original on 27 November 2021. Retrieved 27 November 2021.
Kim, Julie (2003). "Macedonia: Country Background and Recent Conflict". In Watkins, Clem S. (ed.). The Balkans. New York City: Nova. p. 110. ISBN 978-1-59033-525-3. Archived from the original on 27 November 2021. Retrieved 27 November 2021.
"Одбележани дваесет години од загинувањето на бранителите кај Карпалак" [Commemoration of the 20th Anniversary of the Deaths of the Defenders at Karpalak]. Вечер (in Macedonian). 8 August 2021. Archived from the original on 27 November 2021. Retrieved 27 November 2021.
Wood, Nicholas (9 August 2001). "Ten Macedonian troops die in ambush". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 16 June 2018. Retrieved 27 November 2021.
Marusic, Sinisa Jakov; Bosilkovski, Igor (8 August 2016). "Macedonia Marks Karpalak Ambush Massacre Anniversary". Balkan Insight. Archived from the original on 27 November 2021. Retrieved 27 November 2021.
Phillips, John (2004). Macedonia: Warlords and Rebels in the Balkans. New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press. pp. 137–138. ISBN 978-0-30010-268-0. Archived from the original on 27 November 2021. Retrieved 27 November 2021.
Ramet, Sabrina P. (2006). The Three Yugoslavias: State-building and Legitimation, 1918–2005. Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press. pp. 580–581. ISBN 978-0-253-34656-8. Archived from the original on 12 January 2023. Retrieved 27 November 2021.
"Boškoski Acquitted and Tarčulovski Sentenced to 12 Years' Imprisonment". ICTY. 10 July 2008. Archived from the original on 27 November 2021. Retrieved 27 November 2021.
"UN war crimes tribunal for the Balkans affirms police officer's conviction". UN News. 19 May 2010. Archived from the original on 27 November 2021. Retrieved 27 November 2021.
"Warning over Macedonia peace deal". CNN. 12 August 2001. Archived from the original on 27 November 2021. Retrieved 27 November 2021.
Marusic, Sinisa Jakov (22 January 2021). "20 Years On, Armed Conflict's Legacy Endures in North Macedonia". Balkan Insight. Archived from the original on 27 November 2021. Retrieved 27 November 2021.
Kim 2003, p. 111
"Macedonia Mayor Dismisses Threat of Divine Punishment". Balkan Insight. 20 February 2014. Archived from the original on 27 November 2021. Retrieved 27 November 2021.

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[Relief-1] "Macedonia - defense: Buckovski: "Let tragedy be the beginning of the end of the war"". Relief.web. 10 August 2001. Archived from the original on 26 June 2022. Retrieved 26 June 2022. "ANA" CLAIMS RESPONSIBILITY FOR KILLING OF TEN MACEDONIAN SOLDIERS Skopje, August 10 - A new armed group of ethnic Albanians on Thursday claimed responsibility for the killing of ten Macedonian army reservists in a highway ambush a day earlier. The "Albanian National Army" (AKSH) e-mailed a statement to several media in the region, on Albanian-language, saying a combined unit of its fighters and of the so-called National Liberation Army (NLA) carried the attack out "in revenge" for the killing of five NLA members by Macedonian security forces.

[2] Bačiḱ, Mirko (8 August 2018). "17 години Карпалак – тага и непребол за 10-те загинати бранители на Македонија" [17 Years Since Karpalak: Sorrow and Grief for 10 Fallen Defenders of Macedonia]. Магазин (in Macedonian). Archived from the original on 27 November 2021. Retrieved 27 November 2021.

[Kim-1-3] Kim, Julie (2003). "Macedonia: Country Background and Recent Conflict". In Watkins, Clem S. (ed.). The Balkans. New York City: Nova. p. 110. ISBN 978-1-59033-525-3. Archived from the original on 27 November 2021. Retrieved 27 November 2021.

[Večer-4] "Одбележани дваесет години од загинувањето на бранителите кај Карпалак" [Commemoration of the 20th Anniversary of the Deaths of the Defenders at Karpalak]. Вечер (in Macedonian). 8 August 2021. Archived from the original on 27 November 2021. Retrieved 27 November 2021.

[Wood-5] Wood, Nicholas (9 August 2001). "Ten Macedonian troops die in ambush". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 16 June 2018. Retrieved 27 November 2021.

[Marusic&Bosilkovski-6] Marusic, Sinisa Jakov; Bosilkovski, Igor (8 August 2016). "Macedonia Marks Karpalak Ambush Massacre Anniversary". Balkan Insight. Archived from the original on 27 November 2021. Retrieved 27 November 2021.

[Phillips-7] Phillips, John (2004). Macedonia: Warlords and Rebels in the Balkans. New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press. pp. 137–138. ISBN 978-0-30010-268-0. Archived from the original on 27 November 2021. Retrieved 27 November 2021.

[Ramet-1-8] Ramet, Sabrina P. (2006). The Three Yugoslavias: State-building and Legitimation, 1918–2005. Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press. pp. 580–581. ISBN 978-0-253-34656-8. Archived from the original on 12 January 2023. Retrieved 27 November 2021.

[9] "Boškoski Acquitted and Tarčulovski Sentenced to 12 Years' Imprisonment". ICTY. 10 July 2008. Archived from the original on 27 November 2021. Retrieved 27 November 2021.

[10] "UN war crimes tribunal for the Balkans affirms police officer's conviction". UN News. 19 May 2010. Archived from the original on 27 November 2021. Retrieved 27 November 2021.

[11] "Warning over Macedonia peace deal". CNN. 12 August 2001. Archived from the original on 27 November 2021. Retrieved 27 November 2021.

[12] Marusic, Sinisa Jakov (22 January 2021). "20 Years On, Armed Conflict's Legacy Endures in North Macedonia". Balkan Insight. Archived from the original on 27 November 2021. Retrieved 27 November 2021.

[Kim-111-13] Kim 2003, p. 111

[14] "Macedonia Mayor Dismisses Threat of Divine Punishment". Balkan Insight. 20 February 2014. Archived from the original on 27 November 2021. Retrieved 27 November 2021.