Kayqubad II

Kayqubad II (Old Anatolian Turkish: كیقباد; Persian: علاء الدين كيقباد بن كيخسرو, ʿAlāʾ ad-Dīn Kayqubād bin Kaykhusraw, c. 1238-1239 – 1254/1256) was the Seljuk Sultan of Rûm from 1249-1257. He was the only son of the Seljuq Sultan of Rûm Kaykhusraw II and the Georgian princess Gurju Khatun (known as Tamar). Kaykhusraw's elder sons, by different mothers, were Kaykaus II and Kilij Arslan IV, and also served as sultan after their father's death, often simultaneously. As son of the sultan’s favorite wife, he was designated heir. He had a weak constitution and was likely seven years old at the time of his father’s death in 1246.[2]

Kayqubad II
Sultan of Rum
Reign1249–1254[1]
Co-sultansKaykaus II (1249–1254)
Kilij Arslan IV (1249–1254)
Bornc. 1238-1239
Died1256 (1257) (aged 16–18)
Names
Alā al-Dīn Kayqubād bin Kaykhusraw
Persianعلا الدين كيقبادان بن كيخسرو
FatherKaykhusraw II
MotherGurju Khatun

Reign

The vizier to the sultan, Shams al-Din Isfahani, seeking to defend a degree of Seljuk sovereignty in Anatolia from the Mongols, put Kayqubad II on the throne together with his two elder brothers, Kaykaus II and Kilij Arslan IV.

In 1254 the Mongols asked that Kaykaus II, then nineteen years old, come in person to Möngke, the Great Khan. The brothers, at a conference in Kayseri, decided that Kayqubad II should go to in his stead. The voyage to Möngke’s capital at Karakhorum would be arduous. Kayqubad delayed his trip until at least 1256. He witnessed Bayju assembling his horsemen for the migration to Anatolia and sent messages advising his brothers to comply with the Mongol’s demands. One day on the road Kayqubad was found dead. The vizier Baba Tughra’i, who had joined the embassy en route, was accused but nothing came of it. Kayqubad was buried somewhere in the wastes between Anatolia and Mongolia.[3]

References
  1. Faruk Sümer. "KEYKUBAD II (ö. 652/1254) Anadolu Selçuklu sultanı (1249-1254).". İslâm Ansiklopedisi (in Turkish).
  2. Boyle, J. A., Editor (1968), The Cambridge History of Iran, Volume 5: The Saljuq and Mongol Periods, Cambridge University Press, pg. 386
  3. Encyclopædia Iranica (1996). "Saljuqs of Rum".

Sources
  • Claude Cahen, Pre-Ottoman Turkey: a general survey of the material and spiritual culture and history, trans. J. Jones-Williams, (New York: Taplinger, 1968) 271-277.
  • Wolff, Robert L. and Hazard, H. W., A History of the Crusades: Volume Two, The Later Crusades 1187-1311, The University of Wisconsin Press, Madison, 1977, pg. 726
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