Kewaunee, Wisconsin

Kewaunee is a city in Kewaunee County, Wisconsin, United States. The population was 2,837 at the 2020 census.[3] Located on the northwestern shore of Lake Michigan, the city is the county seat of Kewaunee County.[5] Its Menominee name is Kewāneh, an archaic name for a species of duck.[6]

Not to be confused with Kiwanis.

Kewaunee, Wisconsin
City
Looking east to the Kewaunee harbor and Lake Michigan
Looking east to the Kewaunee harbor and Lake Michigan
Location of Kewaunee in Kewaunee County, Wisconsin.
Location of Kewaunee in Kewaunee County, Wisconsin.
Coordinates: 44°27′32″N 87°30′34″W
Country United States
State Wisconsin
CountyKewaunee
Government
 • TypeMunicipality
 • MayorJeffrey L Vollenweider Sr.
Area
[1]
 • Total3.73 sq mi (9.66 km2)
 • Land3.53 sq mi (9.15 km2)
 • Water0.20 sq mi (0.52 km2)
Elevation
[2]
610 ft (186 m)
Population
 (2020)[3]
 • Total2,837
 • Density803.5/sq mi (310.2/km2)
Time zoneUTC-6 (Central (CST))
 • Summer (DST)UTC-5 (CDT)
ZIP code
54216
Area code920
FIPS code55-39350[4]
GNIS feature ID1567445[2]
Websitecityofkewaunee.org

Kewaunee is part of the Green Bay Metropolitan Statistical Area.

History

Kewaunee was the site of a Potawatomi village at the time of European contact in the seventeenth century.[7] French Jesuit missionary Jacques Marquette celebrated All Saints Day at the Potawatomi village in 1674.[7][8]: 371–372  Later, French explorer René-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle visited the village in 1679,[9]: 215  and Canadian Jesuit Jean-François Buisson de Saint-Cosme stopped in September 1698.[9]: 262  The Potawatomis moved south and east along Lake Michigan in the eighteenth century,[10] and the area was reclaimed by Menominee people. Trader Jacques Vieau established a short lived trading post for the North West Company in the area of Kewaunee in 1795.[11]: 220  The United States acquired the land from the Menominee nation in the 1831 Treaty of Washington.[12]

The current settlement at Kewaunee began in 1836, when false rumors of gold deposits in the Kewaunee River triggered a minor gold rush of Yankee settlers. Land speculator Joshua Hathaway surveyed and platted the settlement. When no gold was found, the settlers who remained established a sawmill and developed the local harbor for the lumber industry.[13]: 427–428  Kewaunee became the county seat of Kewaunee County at the time of the county's formation in 1852. In the late nineteenth century, the community attracted many Czech and German immigrants.[7]

Geography

Kewaunee is located at 44°27′32″N 87°30′34″W (44.458758, -87.509496).[14]

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 3.73 square miles (9.66 km2), of which, 3.53 square miles (9.14 km2) is land and 0.2 square miles (0.52 km2) is water.[15]

Highways

Demographics
Historical population
CensusPop.Note%±
18801,050—
18901,21615.8%
19001,77345.8%
19101,8393.7%
19201,8651.4%
19302,40929.2%
19402,5335.1%
19502,5832.0%
19602,7727.3%
19702,9014.7%
19802,801−3.4%
19902,750−1.8%
20002,8062.0%
20102,9525.2%
20202,837−3.9%
U.S. Decennial Census[16]

2020 census

As of the census of 2020,[3] the population was 2,837. The population density was 803.5 inhabitants per square mile (310.2/km2). There were 1,416 housing units at an average density of 401.0 per square mile (154.8/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 91.5% White, 0.5% Black or African American, 0.5% Asian, 0.5% Native American, 1.9% from other races, and 5.1% from two or more races. Ethnically, the population was 4.2% Hispanic or Latino of any race.

2010 census

As of the census[17] of 2010, there were 2,952 people, 1,278 households, and 733 families living in the city. The population density was 833.9 inhabitants per square mile (322.0/km2). There were 1,462 housing units at an average density of 413.0 per square mile (159.5/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 96.6% White, 0.3% African American, 0.3% Native American, 0.4% Asian, 1.1% from other races, and 1.1% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.8% of the population

There were 1,278 households, of which 25.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 45.9% were married couples living together, 7.7% had a female householder with no husband present, 3.8% had a male householder with no wife present, and 42.6% were non-families. 36.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 16.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.24 and the average family size was 2.81.

The median age in the city was 45.8 years. 19.8% of residents were under the age of 18; 6.7% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 22.4% were from 25 to 44; 28.5% were from 45 to 64; and 22.6% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 50.4% male and 49.6% female.

2000 census

As of the census[4] of 2000, there were 2,806 people, 1,149 households, and 736 families living in the city. The population density was 807.7 people per square mile (312.2/km2). There were 1,237 housing units at an average density of 356.1 per square mile (137.6/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 98.25% White, 0.36% African American, 0.39% Native American, 0.21% Asian, 0.14% from other races, and 0.64% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.57% of the population.[4]

There were 1,149 households, out of which 29.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 53.1% were married couples living together, 7.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 35.9% were non-families. 32.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 17.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.34 and the average family size was 2.97.[4]

In the city, the population was spread out, with 23.3% under the age of 18, 7.7% from 18 to 24, 25.5% from 25 to 44, 21.7% from 45 to 64, and 21.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41 years. For every 100 females, there were 95.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91.4 males.[4]

The median income for a household in the city was $36,420, and the median income for a family was $45,643. Males had a median income of $32,292 versus $20,544 for females. The per capita income for the city was $17,384. About 11.2% of families and 10.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 8.0% of those under age 18 and 18.0% of those age 65 or over.[4]

Economy

Healthcare

Kewaunee is home to two primary care clinics and one urgent care center.[19][20] The area is in both a mental health and primary care Health Professional Shortage Area (HPSA)[21] qualifying the area as a medical desert. There are 7 primary care providers per 100,000 population in Kewaunee compared to the statewide average of 75.6.[22] By 2035, the area is expected to have a 93.7% deficit in physicians, the largest deficit in Wisconsin.[22] There are no behavior health professionals in Kewaunee.[22]

Attractions
Kewaunee Lighthous

Notable people
  • Kewaunee Nuclear Generating Station
    Kewaunee Nuclear Generating Station
  • Sign at the city limits at the south of the city along Highway 42
    Sign at the city limits at the south of the city along Highway 42
  • Traveling south on Highway 42
    Traveling south on Highway 42
  • East terminus of Highway 29 in downtown Kewaunee
    East terminus of Highway 29 in downtown Kewaunee
  • Sign for the east terminus of Wisconsin Highway 29, looking the other way on Highway 42
    Sign for the east terminus of Wisconsin Highway 29, looking the other way on Highway 42
  • Kewaunee Harbor and mouth of the Kewaunee River
    Kewaunee Harbor and mouth of the Kewaunee River
  • Aerial view
  • Birdseye view of Kewuanee, from a postcard circa 1909
    Birdseye view of Kewuanee, from a postcard circa 1909

References
  1. "2019 U.S. Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved August 7, 2020.
  2. "US Board on Geographic Names". United States Geological Survey. October 25, 2007. Retrieved January 31, 2008.
  3. "2020 Decennial Census: Kewaunee city, Wisconsin". data.census.gov. U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved August 9, 2022.
  4. "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 31, 2008.
  5. "Find a County". National Association of Counties. Archived from the original on May 31, 2011. Retrieved June 7, 2011.
  6. Hoffman, Mike. "Menominee Place Names in Wisconsin". The Menominee Clans Story. Retrieved October 5, 2018.
  7. "A Brief History of Kewaunee". Wisconsin Historical Society. July 27, 2012. Retrieved August 9, 2022.
  8. "The Society and the State". The Wisconsin Magazine of History. 7 (3). 1924. ISSN 0043-6534.
  9. Kellogg, Louise Phelps (1925). The French regime in Wisconsin and the Northwest. Madison: State Historical Society of Wisconsin ; printed by G. Banta.
  10. "Potawatomi History". www.mpm.edu. Milwaukee Public Museum.
  11. Vieau, Andrew (1888). "Narrative of Andrew J. Vieau, Sr.". In Reuben Gold Thwaites (ed.). Collections of the State Historical Society of Wisconsin. Vol. 11. Madison: Democrat Printing Company. LCCN 28015093.
  12. Royce, Charles C. (1895). Indian Land Cessions in the United States. Annual report of the Bureau of American Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution. Vol. 18 pt 2. Washington : U. S. Govt. Print. Off. pp. 728-729, plate CLXXI. Retrieved August 9, 2022.
  13. History of northern Wisconsin, containing an account of its settlement, growth, development, and resources; an extensive sketch of its counties, cities, towns and villages, their improvements, industries, manufactories; biographical sketches, portraits of prominent men and early settlers; views of county seats, etc. . Chicago: Western Historical Company. 1881. Retrieved August 9, 2022.
  14. "US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990". United States Census Bureau. February 12, 2011. Retrieved April 23, 2011.
  15. "2020 Gazetteer Files". census.gov. U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved August 9, 2022.
  16. "Census of Population and Housing". Census.gov. Retrieved June 4, 2015.
  17. "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved November 18, 2012.
  18. Clough, Christopher. "Closed Kewaunee County nuclear power plant to be decommissioned in 10 years instead of 50 after sale". Green Bay Press-Gazette. Retrieved January 25, 2022.
  19. "Bellin Health Kewaunee - Kewaunee, WI - 54216". care.bellin.org. Retrieved May 16, 2022.
  20. "Prevea Kewaunee Health Center". Prevea. May 16, 2022.
  21. "Find Shortage Areas by Address". data.hrsa.gov. Retrieved May 16, 2022.
  22. "Reports". WCMEW. Retrieved May 16, 2022.
  23. 'Wisconsin Blue Book 1874,' Biographical Sketch of John Milton Read, pg. 488
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