Khorezm People's Soviet Republic

The Khorezm People's Soviet Republic (Uzbek: Хоразм Халқ Совет Республикаси, romanized: Xorazm Xalq Sovet Respublikasi; Russian: Хорезмская Народная Советская Республика, tr. Khorezmskaya Narodnaya Sovetskaya Respublika) was the state created as the successor to the Khanate of Khiva in February 1920, when the Khan abdicated in response to pressure. It was officially declared by the First Khorezm Kurultay (Assembly) on 26 April 1920. On 20 October 1923, it was transformed into the Khorezm Socialist Soviet Republic (Russian: Хорезмская ССР, tr. Khorezmskaya SSR).[1]

500-roubles coin of 1920–21

Khorezm People's Soviet Republic
  • Хоразм Халқ Совет Жумҳурияти (Uzbek)
  • Хорезмская Народная Советская Республика (Russian)
1920–1924
Flag of Khorezm
Flag
Seal
Emblem (1922–23)
Emblem (1923–25)
Motto: Butun dunyo proletarlari, birlashingiz!
"Proletarians of all countries, unite!"
The Khorezm People's Soviet Republic in 1922
The Khorezm People's Soviet Republic in 1922
CapitalKhiva
Common languagesRussian, Uzbek, Turkmen, Karakalpak
Religion
GovernmentSocialist republic
Chairman 
• 1920−1921 (first)
Palvanniyaz Khodja Yusupov
• 1924 (last)
Sultan-Kary Dzhumaniyazov
Historical eraInterwar period
• Abdication of Sayid Abdullah
2 February 1920
• Republic established
26 April 1920
• Part of USSR
27 October 1924
Preceded by		Succeeded by
Khanate of Khiva
Uzbek SSR
Turkmen SSR
Karakalpak AO
Today part ofTurkmenistan
Uzbekistan
Kazakhstan
Soviet Central Asia in 1922

On 27 October 1924 the Khorezm SSR was divided between the Uzbek and Turkmen SSRs and the Karakalpak Autonomous Oblast as part of the delimitation of Central Asia according to nationalities.[2] The history of this short-lived republic remains murky and the way its government functioned is not largely clear. The government officials fervently opposed the delimitation plans of the Khorezmian Republic (which had to be carried out under Stalin’s orders) but in the end they were forced to concede.

Politics

Chairman of the Revolutionary Committee
  • Mulla Dzhumaniyaz Sultanmuradov (2 February 1920 – 26 April 1920)

Chairmen of the Presidium of the Assembly (Kurultoy) of People's Representatives
  • Palvanniyaz Khodja Yusupov (26 April 1920 – 6 March 1921)
  • Dzhabbarbergen Kuchkarov (6 March 1921 – 15 May 1921; continues as supreme authority to 23 May 1921)
  • Khudaybergen Divanov (15 May 1921 – 23 May 1921)

Chairmen of the Presidium of the Central Executive Committee
Postage stamp of the Khorezm People's National Republic, 1922
  • Madrakhim Allabergenov (23 May 1921 – 5 September 1921)
  • Mulla Ata-Maksum Madrakhimov (5 September 1921 – 27 November 1921)
  • Yangibay Muradov (27 November 1921 – 23 July 1922)
  • Abdulla Khodzhayev "Khadzhi Baba" (23 July 1922 – 20 October 1922)
  • Atadzhan Safayev (20 October 1922 – 26 March 1923)
  • Abdulla Khodzhayev "Khadzhi Baba" (March 1923 – 20 October 1923)
  • Karim Safayev (20 October 1923 – 26 March 1924)
  • Mukhamed Abdusalyamov (17 January 1924 – 19 February 1924) (acting)
  • Sultan-Kary Dzhumaniyazov (26 March 1924 – 17 September 1924)
  • Nedirbay Aytakov (17 September 1924 – 27 October 1924)
  • Sultan-Kary Dzhumaniyazov (October 1924 – 23 November 1924)

Geography

The Khorezm People's National Republic bordered on the Turkestan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic to the north and to the south, and on the Bukharan People's Soviet Republic to the east. Its western border was a rough continuation of the western coast of Aral Sea, bordering on what was then the Kirghiz ASSR (today's western Kazakhstan). It had an area of 62,200 km2 (24,000 sq mi) and a population of more than 600,000 people, mainly Uzbeks (62.5%), Turkmens (28.6%), Kazakhs (3.5%), and Karakalpaks (3.0%). Its capital was Khiva.[1]

See also

References
  1. Khorezm People's Soviet Republic: Big Soviet Encyclopedia on-line edition. (in Russian)
  2. Погорельский И.В. История Хивинской революции и Хорезмской народной советской республики 1917–1924 гг., Ленинград: Изд-во ЛГУ, 1984

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