Khorramabad

Khorramabad (Persian: خرم‌آباد, romanized: Khorramâbâd [xoræmɒːˈbɒːd] ⓘ), alternatively romanized as Khorramābād, Khoramabad, Khurramabad, Khorram Abad, Xurremabad, Xorramâbâd or Khur Ramābād,[4] is a city in the Central District of Khorramabad County, Lorestan province, Iran, and serves as capital of the district, the county, and the province.

For the administrative division of Lorestan province, see Khorramabad County. For other places with the same name, see Khorramabad.

Khorramabad
Persian: خرم‌آباد
City
Montage of Khorramabad, Clockwise:Falak-ol-Aflak Castle, Keeyow lake, Shapuri bridge, View of the Khorramabad city, Brick Minaret, Panorama of Khorramabad
Montage of Khorramabad, Clockwise:Falak-ol-Aflak Castle, Keeyow lake, Shapuri bridge, View of the Khorramabad city, Brick Minaret, Panorama of Khorramabad
Official seal of Khorramabad
Seal
The territory of the Khorramabad inside the province of Lorestan
The territory of the Khorramabad inside the province of Lorestan
Khorramabad is located in Iran
Khorramabad
Khorramabad
Coordinates: 33°29′15″N 48°21′22″E[1]
Country Iran
ProvinceLorestan
CountyKhorramabad
DistrictCentral
Government
 • MayorDaryoush Barani Beiranvand [2]
Elevation
1,147 m (3,763 ft)
Population
 (2016)[3]
 • Total373,416
Time zoneUTC+3:30 (IRST)
ClimateCsa
Websitewww.Khorramabad.ir

At the 2006 National Census, its population was 328,544 in 75,945 households.[5] The following census in 2011 counted 348,216 people in 94,747 households.[6] The latest census in 2016 showed a population of 373,416 people in 109,231 households.[3]

Khorramabad is in the Zagros Mountains. Khorramabad Airport is 3 km south of the city proper.[7]

Although not a major tourist destination, it is quite scenic and possesses several attractions, such as five Paleolithic cave-dwelling sites.[8]

Demographics

The city population is predominantly Lur and the largest Luri-speaking city in the country.[9][10] The linguistic composition of the city:[11]

Khorramabad linguistic composition (2022)
Language percent
Luri
 
 43%
Kurdish
 
 25%
Persian
 
 25%
Silakhori
 
 5%
Borujerdi
 
 1%
Other
 
 1%

History

Simash
See also: Khaydalu

During the late third millennium B.C. and early second millennium B.C., when Simashki sovereigns was ruling on Elam, for the first time a fort was built on the peak of a natural cliff to protect the city against its enemies. Six hundred years later, Ellipi kings built a new fort on the ruins of the old one. Simash was the name of the place. It was the capital of Simashki dynasty.[12]

ShapurKhast name, in Kufic, on Sang Nebeshteh monument

Hazaraspids

The founder of the Hazaraspid dynasty was Abu Tahir ibn Muhammad, a descendant of the Shabankara chieftain Fadluya. Fadluya was initially a commander of the Salghurids of Fars and was appointed governor of Kuhgiluya,[13] but eventually gained independence in Luristan and extended his realm as far as Isfahan.

Safavid dynasty

During the reign of the Safavid dynasty, Khorramabad was the administrative center of Luristan Province. In the wake of the demise of the Safavids, after the signing of the Treaty of Constantinople (1724) with Imperial Russia, the Ottomans conquered Khorramabad on the 6th of September 1725.[14]

Monuments
Brick Minaret of Khorramabad

Brick minaret

Brick Minaret is a cylindrical brick tower from Seljuq and Buyid dynasties located inside the ancient city of Shapur khast, south of Khorramabad.

ُThis Iranian minaret is a combination of the Indian Stupa, commemorative columns, and the central Asia tradition of tower building for defensive and communication purposes.[15]

Colleges and universities
Islamic Azad University of Khorramabad

Sister cities and twin towns
Country City State / Province / Region / Governorate Date
Turkey Turkey Afyonkarahisar Afyonkarahisar Province 2015[19]
Japan Japan Yamagata Yamagata Prefecture October 2013[20] December 2020[21]

Climate

Khorramabad has mild and semi-humid Mediterranean climate with high amount of rainfall during spring and winter. It is the sixth cities in Iran having high level of annual rainfall. Khorramabad has what is classed under the Köppen climate classification as a Hot-summer Mediterranean climate (Csa) climate. Its elevation is 1147.8 above sea level. Average annual precipitation is 511.06 and its average annual temperature is 17.21 Celsius.

Climate data for Khorramabad (1951–2010)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 24.0
(75.2)		 26.0
(78.8)		 31.0
(87.8)		 37.0
(98.6)		 41.0
(105.8)		 45.0
(113.0)		 47.0
(116.6)		 47.0
(116.6)		 43.0
(109.4)		 37.0
(98.6)		 34.0
(93.2)		 25.6
(78.1)		 47.0
(116.6)
Average high °C (°F) 10.9
(51.6)		 13.2
(55.8)		 17.3
(63.1)		 22.6
(72.7)		 29.0
(84.2)		 36.0
(96.8)		 39.6
(103.3)		 39.3
(102.7)		 35.1
(95.2)		 28.0
(82.4)		 19.2
(66.6)		 13.0
(55.4)		 25.3
(77.5)
Daily mean °C (°F) 5.4
(41.7)		 7.2
(45.0)		 10.8
(51.4)		 15.4
(59.7)		 20.3
(68.5)		 25.7
(78.3)		 29.5
(85.1)		 29.0
(84.2)		 24.5
(76.1)		 18.9
(66.0)		 12.2
(54.0)		 7.3
(45.1)		 17.2
(62.9)
Average low °C (°F) −0.1
(31.8)		 1.1
(34.0)		 4.2
(39.6)		 8.1
(46.6)		 11.7
(53.1)		 15.4
(59.7)		 19.5
(67.1)		 18.8
(65.8)		 14.0
(57.2)		 9.8
(49.6)		 5.1
(41.2)		 1.5
(34.7)		 9.1
(48.4)
Record low °C (°F) −14.6
(5.7)		 −11.0
(12.2)		 −11
(12)		 −7.0
(19.4)		 −1.8
(28.8)		 7.0
(44.6)		 9.2
(48.6)		 8.0
(46.4)		 4.6
(40.3)		 −1.4
(29.5)		 −7.8
(18.0)		 −12
(10)		 −14.6
(5.7)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 86.0
(3.39)		 73.1
(2.88)		 82.5
(3.25)		 71.6
(2.82)		 36.5
(1.44)		 0.3
(0.01)		 0.1
(0.00)		 0.2
(0.01)		 1.2
(0.05)		 23.5
(0.93)		 54.3
(2.14)		 83.6
(3.29)		 512.9
(20.19)
Average rainy days 11.9 10.7 12.9 11.0 6.2 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.4 4.8 7.6 10.1 76.5
Average snowy days 2.6 1.5 0.7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.1 0.9 5.8
Average relative humidity (%) 69 64 58 56 44 28 24 24 27 39 57 68 47
Mean monthly sunshine hours 163.4 170.8 187.2 206.0 264.2 340.4 347.2 330.1 302.7 257.3 191.4 160.5 2,921.2
Source:

See also

References
  1. OpenStreetMap contributors (25 August 2023). "Khorramabad, Khorramabad County" (Map). OpenStreetMap. Retrieved 25 August 2023.
  2. https://www.irna.ir/news/85192859
  3. "Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1395 (2016)". AMAR (in Persian). The Statistical Center of Iran. p. 15. Archived from the original (Excel) on 12 October 2020. Retrieved 19 December 2022.
  4. Khorramabad can be found at GEOnet Names Server, at this link, by opening the Advanced Search box, entering "-3071194" in the "Unique Feature Id" form, and clicking on "Search Database".
  5. "Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1385 (2006)". AMAR (in Persian). The Statistical Center of Iran. p. 15. Archived from the original (Excel) on 20 September 2011. Retrieved 25 September 2022.
  6. "Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1390 (2011)" (Excel). Iran Data Portal (in Persian). The Statistical Center of Iran. p. 15. Retrieved 19 December 2022.
  7. "Lorestan Province" (in Persian). Lorestan council of dispute resolution. Retrieved 22 April 2021.
  8. Baumler, Mark F. and Speth, John D. (1993) "A Middle Paleolithic Assemblage from Kunji Cave, Iran" pp. 1–74 In Olszewski, Deborah and Dibble, Harold Lewis (editors) (1993) The Paleolithic prehistory of the Zagros-Taurus The University Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, ISBN 978-0-924171-24-6
  9. Anonby, Erik John "Update on Luri: How many languages" Archived 2015-05-01 at the Wayback Machine JRAS (Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society) Series 3 13(2): pp. 171–197, p.183, doi:10.1017/S1356186303003067
  10. "Khorramabad is the largest city of Lurs" (in Persian). Yafte news agancy. Retrieved 22 April 2021.
  11. "Language distribution: individual languages and language families". Iran Atlas. Retrieved 15 September 2023.
  12. بهرامي، سبزی، توسلی (2017). "مکانیابي جای نام سیماش شاهک نشین الیپي در خرم آباد و امکان یکي دانستن آن با سیماشکي عیلامي". مطالعات باستان شناسی: 30.
  13. B. Spuller,Atabakan-e Lorestan, Encyclopædia Iranica.
  14. Somel, Selcuk Aksin (2003). Historical Dictionary of the Ottoman Empire. Scarecrow Press. p. xlvi. ISBN 978-0810866065.
  15. Hutt, Anthony Max. (1974). The development of the Minaret in Iran under the Saljügs. A thesis presented for the degree of M. Phil. at London University. OCLC 46455166.
  16. Lorestan University" homepage, in English Archived September 20, 2010, at the Wayback Machine
  17. "Lorestan University of Medical Sciences homepage". Lums.ac.ir. Retrieved 12 September 2012.
  18. "afpkh.ir". afpkh.ir. Archived from the original on 11 September 2012. Retrieved 12 September 2012.
  19. "خطا | خبرگزاری فارس". Archived from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 2 March 2015.
  20. "راهنمای ثبت شرکت در خرم آباد". www.Sabt-ag.ir.
  21. "Shahin Souri". www.shahin-soori.ir.
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