Kuzi-Teshub

Kuzi-Teshub (also read as Kunzi-Teshub) was a Neo-Hittite King of Carchemish, reigning in the early to mid-12th century BC,[1] likely in 1180-1150 BC.[2] He was the son of Talmi-Teshub, who was both the last viceroy of the Hittite Empire at Carchemish under Suppiluliuma II and a direct descendant of Suppiluliuma I.[3] Kuzi-Teshub reigned in Carchemish as well as in the later Neo-Hittite city of Melid.

In Carchemish, Kuzi-Teshub succeeded his father in office, probably first as viceroy,[1] according to royal seal impressions found at Lidar Höyük in 1985 on the east bank of the Euphrates river.[3] Kuzi-Teshub then styled himself as Great King of Carchemish, suggesting that the central Hittite dynasty at Hattusa had collapsed by this time and that he viewed himself as the legitimate heir of the line of Suppiluliuma I.[3] Kuzi-Teshub is also styled as Great King in later inscriptions from Melid. The next known Great King of Carchemish was Ir-Teshub.[1]

Kuzi-Teshub is not proved to have ruled directly as King of Melid.[4] On one hand, it is possible that he ruled directly in Melid, but on the other hand he may have installed his son Pugnus-mili I as the local ruler in Melid. Both Kuzi-Teshub and Pugnus-mili I are only known from inscriptions left by the autonomous kings of Melid, Runtiya and Arnuwanti I, who were sons of Pugnus-mili I and grandsons of Kuzi-Teshub. The references to Kuzi-Teshub in his grandsons' inscriptions may indicate that Melid had peacefully separated from Carchemish.[4]

Himuili?[lower-alpha 1]

Tudhaliya I/II[lower-alpha 2]

Nikkalmati[lower-alpha 3]

Arnuwanda I[lower-alpha 3]

Asmunikal[lower-alpha 3]

Hattusili II?[lower-alpha 4]

Tudhaliya III[lower-alpha 5]

Daduhepa[lower-alpha 6]

Zida[lower-alpha 7]

Tudhaliya the Young[lower-alpha 8]

Henti[lower-alpha 7] (1)

Šuppiluliuma I[lower-alpha 8]

(2) Tawananna[lower-alpha 9]

Arnuwanda II[lower-alpha 7]

Telipinu[lower-alpha 10]

Sarri-Kusuh[lower-alpha 11][lower-alpha 12]

Zannanza[lower-alpha 13]

Gassulawiya[lower-alpha 14] (1)

Mursili II[lower-alpha 7]

(2) Tanuhepa[lower-alpha 15]

Talmi-Sarruma[lower-alpha 16]

Sahurunuwa[lower-alpha 11][lower-alpha 17]

Muwatalli II[lower-alpha 15]

Halpasulupi[lower-alpha 18]

Massanauzzi[lower-alpha 19]

Hattusili III[lower-alpha 20]

Puduhepa[lower-alpha 21]

Ini-Tesub[lower-alpha 11][lower-alpha 22]

Urhi-Tesub[lower-alpha 15]

Kurunta[lower-alpha 23]

Nerikkaili[lower-alpha 24]

numerous daughters[lower-alpha 25] and sons[lower-alpha 26]

Tudhaliya IV[lower-alpha 27]

Talmi-Tesub[lower-alpha 11][lower-alpha 28]

Hartapu[lower-alpha 29]

Arnuwanda III[lower-alpha 30]

Suppiluliuma II[lower-alpha 30][lower-alpha 31]

Kuzi-Tesub[lower-alpha 32]

(1) = 1st spouse
(2) = 2nd spouse
Small caps indicates a Great King (LUGAL.GAL) of the Land of Hatti; italic small caps indicates a Great Queen or Tawananna.
Dashed lines indicate adoption.
Solid lines indicate marriage (if horizontal) or parentage (if vertical).

References:

Trevor Bryce (1997). The Kingdom of the Hittites. Oxford, England: Clarendon Press.
Trevor Bryce (2012). The World of the Neo-Hittite Kingdoms. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press.
Volkert Haas (2006). Die hethitische Literatur. Berlin, Germany: de Gruyter.

Notes:

Scholars have suggested that Tudhaliya I/II was the son of Himuili and thus a grandson of the Hittite king Huzziya II (Bryce 1997, p. 131).
Bryce (1997) does not consider it clear whether Tudhaliya I/II was one king or two (p. 133).
Bryce (1997), p. 139.
The existence of Hattusili II is doubtful (Bryce 1997, pp. 153–154).
Bryce (1997), p. 158.
Bryce (1997), p. 172.
Bryce (1997), p. 174.
Bryce (1997), p. 168.
Also known as Malnigal; daughter of Burnaburias II of Babylonia (Bryce 1997, p. 173).
‘Great priest’ in Kizzuwadna and king (lugal) of Aleppo (Bryce 1997, p. 174).
King (lugal) of Carchemish.
Bryce (1997), pp. 174, 203–204.
Zannanza died on his way to Egypt to marry a pharaoh's widow, probably Ankhesenpaaten, the widow of Tutankhamun (Bryce 1997, pp. 196–198).
Bryce (1997), p. 227.
Bryce (1997), p. 230.
Bryce (1997), p. 220.
Bryce (1997), p. 222.
Haas (2006), p. 91.
Massanauzzi married Masturi, king of the Seha River Land (Bryce 1997, p. 313).
Bryce (1997), p. 296.
Puduhepa was the daughter of the Kizzuwadnan priest Pentipsarri (Bryce 1997, p. 273).
Bryce (1997), pp. 346, 363.
King (lugal) of Tarhuntassa (Bryce 1997, p. 296); apparently later Great King of Hatti (Bryce 1997, p. 354).
Nerikkaili married a daughter of Bentesina, king of Amurru (Bryce 1997, p. 294).
Two daughters of Hattusili III were married to the pharaoh Ramesses II; one was given the Egyptian name Ma(hor)nefrure. Another, Gassuwaliya, married into the royal house of Amurru. Kilushepa was married to a king of Isuwa. A daughter married into the royal family of Babylon. A sister of Tudhaliya IV married Sausgamuwa, king of Amurru after his father Bentesina. From Bryce (1997), pp. 294 and 312.
Bryce (1997), p. 332.
Bryce (1997), p. 363. Tudhaliya IV probably married a Babylonian princess, known by her title of Great Princess (dumu.sal gal) (Bryce 1997, pp. 294, 331).
Bryce (1997), p. 363.
Great King of Tarhuntassa; son of Mursili, the Great King, who is likely identical with Mursili III/Urhi-Tesub (Bryce 2012, p. 21 f.).
Bryce (1997), p. 361.
Last documented Great King of the Land of Hatti.
King and then Great King of Carchemish (Bryce 1997, pp. 384–385).

References

Bryce (2012), pp. 84–85.
Alessandra Gilibert: Syro-Hittite Monumental Art and the Archaeology of Performance. Berlin 2011, p. 115.
Bryce (1998), p. 384.
Bryce (2012), pp. 101–102.

Literature

Bryce, Trevor R. (1998). The Kingdom of the Hittites. Oxford University Press.
Bryce, Trevor (2012). The World of the Neo-Hittite Kingdoms: A Political and Military History. Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-921872-1.
Gilibert, Alessandra (2011). Syro-Hittite Monumental Art and the Archaeology of Performance. Berlin: De Gruyter. ISBN 978-3-11-022225-8.

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[5] Scholars have suggested that Tudhaliya I/II was the son of Himuili and thus a grandson of the Hittite king Huzziya II (Bryce 1997, p. 131).

[6] Bryce (1997) does not consider it clear whether Tudhaliya I/II was one king or two (p. 133).

[bryce139-7] Bryce (1997), p. 139.

[8] The existence of Hattusili II is doubtful (Bryce 1997, pp. 153–154).

[9] Bryce (1997), p. 158.

[10] Bryce (1997), p. 172.

[bryce174-11] Bryce (1997), p. 174.

[bryce168-12] Bryce (1997), p. 168.

[13] Also known as Malnigal; daughter of Burnaburias II of Babylonia (Bryce 1997, p. 173).

[14] ‘Great priest’ in Kizzuwadna and king (lugal) of Aleppo (Bryce 1997, p. 174).

[carch-15] King (lugal) of Carchemish.

[16] Bryce (1997), pp. 174, 203–204.

[17] Zannanza died on his way to Egypt to marry a pharaoh's widow, probably Ankhesenpaaten, the widow of Tutankhamun (Bryce 1997, pp. 196–198).

[18] Bryce (1997), p. 227.

[bryce230-19] Bryce (1997), p. 230.

[20] Bryce (1997), p. 220.

[21] Bryce (1997), p. 222.

[22] Haas (2006), p. 91.

[23] Massanauzzi married Masturi, king of the Seha River Land (Bryce 1997, p. 313).

[bryce296-24] Bryce (1997), p. 296.

[25] Puduhepa was the daughter of the Kizzuwadnan priest Pentipsarri (Bryce 1997, p. 273).

[26] Bryce (1997), pp. 346, 363.

[27] King (lugal) of Tarhuntassa (Bryce 1997, p. 296); apparently later Great King of Hatti (Bryce 1997, p. 354).

[28] Nerikkaili married a daughter of Bentesina, king of Amurru (Bryce 1997, p. 294).

[29] Two daughters of Hattusili III were married to the pharaoh Ramesses II; one was given the Egyptian name Ma(hor)nefrure. Another, Gassuwaliya, married into the royal house of Amurru. Kilushepa was married to a king of Isuwa. A daughter married into the royal family of Babylon. A sister of Tudhaliya IV married Sausgamuwa, king of Amurru after his father Bentesina. From Bryce (1997), pp. 294 and 312.

[30] Bryce (1997), p. 332.

[31] Bryce (1997), p. 363. Tudhaliya IV probably married a Babylonian princess, known by her title of Great Princess (dumu.sal gal) (Bryce 1997, pp. 294, 331).

[bryce363-32] Bryce (1997), p. 363.

[33] Great King of Tarhuntassa; son of Mursili, the Great King, who is likely identical with Mursili III/Urhi-Tesub (Bryce 2012, p. 21 f.).

[bryce361-34] Bryce (1997), p. 361.

[35] Last documented Great King of the Land of Hatti.

[36] King and then Great King of Carchemish (Bryce 1997, pp. 384–385).

[FOOTNOTEBryce201284–85-1] Bryce (2012), pp. 84–85.

[2] Alessandra Gilibert: Syro-Hittite Monumental Art and the Archaeology of Performance. Berlin 2011, p. 115.

[FOOTNOTEBryce1998384-3] Bryce (1998), p. 384.

[FOOTNOTEBryce2012101–102-4] Bryce (2012), pp. 101–102.